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... end-of-pipe measures are prohibitively costly compared to fuel switches, and can therefore be neglected. Recently, some models do take more greenhouse gasses into account (e.g. Babiker et al., 2001 and Hyman et al., 2002), but extension of the models to include other environmental problems and polic ...
... end-of-pipe measures are prohibitively costly compared to fuel switches, and can therefore be neglected. Recently, some models do take more greenhouse gasses into account (e.g. Babiker et al., 2001 and Hyman et al., 2002), but extension of the models to include other environmental problems and polic ...
Warming the world : economic models of global
... involved developing scientific and economic models that help analysts and decision makers understand likely future outcomes as well as the implications of alternative policies. This book presents the details of a pair of integrated-assessment models of the economics of climate change. The models, ca ...
... involved developing scientific and economic models that help analysts and decision makers understand likely future outcomes as well as the implications of alternative policies. This book presents the details of a pair of integrated-assessment models of the economics of climate change. The models, ca ...
Guiding Principles for City Climate Action Planning
... which specifically included a call to make cities more “inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.” Many city leaders are learning that climate action produces a ...
... which specifically included a call to make cities more “inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.” Many city leaders are learning that climate action produces a ...
climate change - the National Sea Grant Library
... In northern parts of the state, temperatures 30 degrees below zero or colder occur almost every winter. Usually snow covers the ground and the lakes are frozen over statewide all winter long. In southern parts of the state, average daytime high temperatures are generally below freezing from early De ...
... In northern parts of the state, temperatures 30 degrees below zero or colder occur almost every winter. Usually snow covers the ground and the lakes are frozen over statewide all winter long. In southern parts of the state, average daytime high temperatures are generally below freezing from early De ...
Greenhouse gas emissions from Indian rice fields
... 1994). The nitrification submodel tracks growth of nitrifiers and turnover of ammonium to nitrate. The denitrification submodel operates at an hourly time step to simulate denitrification and the production of nitric oxide (NO), N2 O, and dinitrogen (N2 ). The fermentation submodel simulates CH4 pro ...
... 1994). The nitrification submodel tracks growth of nitrifiers and turnover of ammonium to nitrate. The denitrification submodel operates at an hourly time step to simulate denitrification and the production of nitric oxide (NO), N2 O, and dinitrogen (N2 ). The fermentation submodel simulates CH4 pro ...
Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change
... impact estimates, say, for winter wheat, therefore cannot be taken up other than by an elaborate re-analysis by the original author. This pre-methodological state of affairs leaves much to be desired. This paper pays equal attention to numbers and methods. The paper presents a new set of damage esti ...
... impact estimates, say, for winter wheat, therefore cannot be taken up other than by an elaborate re-analysis by the original author. This pre-methodological state of affairs leaves much to be desired. This paper pays equal attention to numbers and methods. The paper presents a new set of damage esti ...
Why Hasn`t Earth Warmed as Much as Expected?
... Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Manuscript received 2 October 2009, in final form 17 December 2009) ABSTRACT The observed increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) over the industrial era is less than 40% of that expected from observed increases in long-l ...
... Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (Manuscript received 2 October 2009, in final form 17 December 2009) ABSTRACT The observed increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) over the industrial era is less than 40% of that expected from observed increases in long-l ...
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... research has proved that a large family is mostly inclined to divert part of its labour force into non-farm activities to generate more income and reduce consumption demands (Mano and Nhemachena, 2006). However, according to Hassan and Nhemachena (2008) the opportunity cost might be too low in most ...
... research has proved that a large family is mostly inclined to divert part of its labour force into non-farm activities to generate more income and reduce consumption demands (Mano and Nhemachena, 2006). However, according to Hassan and Nhemachena (2008) the opportunity cost might be too low in most ...
A Green Industrial Revolution: Climate Justice, Green Jobs and
... security of basic needs in areas such as food, water, electricity and housing. 11. Launch a broad-based participatory exercise aimed at defining the parameters of a new “green social contract” that ensures no one is left behind in the transition to a sustainable economy. 12. Develop a framework for ...
... security of basic needs in areas such as food, water, electricity and housing. 11. Launch a broad-based participatory exercise aimed at defining the parameters of a new “green social contract” that ensures no one is left behind in the transition to a sustainable economy. 12. Develop a framework for ...
Climate Change is a Geographic Problem
... GIS maps are interactive. On the computer screen, map users can scan a GIS map in any direction, zoom in or out, and change the nature of the information contained in the map. They can choose whether to see the roads, how many roads to see, and how roads should be depicted. Then they can select what ...
... GIS maps are interactive. On the computer screen, map users can scan a GIS map in any direction, zoom in or out, and change the nature of the information contained in the map. They can choose whether to see the roads, how many roads to see, and how roads should be depicted. Then they can select what ...
Climate Change and Tourism - United Nations Department of
... 7. The Way Forward to Adaptation and Mitigation in Tourism ...
... 7. The Way Forward to Adaptation and Mitigation in Tourism ...
Effects of climate change on agriculture - Deltaproof
... The probability increases of insufficient fresh water supply, via the main water system, to the polders (reclaimed land) that are vulnerable with regard to salinity. In areas of intensive horticulture, the financial damage could turn out to be considerable. Effects of climate change on disease and p ...
... The probability increases of insufficient fresh water supply, via the main water system, to the polders (reclaimed land) that are vulnerable with regard to salinity. In areas of intensive horticulture, the financial damage could turn out to be considerable. Effects of climate change on disease and p ...
Joint Comments to Army Corps of Engineers
... effects” of a proposed project in a way that “brings those effects to bear on [the agency’s] decisions.”6 Courts have repeatedly concluded that an EIS must disclose relevant climate effects.7 Though NEPA ...
... effects” of a proposed project in a way that “brings those effects to bear on [the agency’s] decisions.”6 Courts have repeatedly concluded that an EIS must disclose relevant climate effects.7 Though NEPA ...
Development Aid and Climate Finance: Working Paper 123 (397 kB) (opens in new window)
... transfers to increase income are complemented by new financial flows to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation transfers) and become climate-resilient (adaptation transfers). We find that in the absence of institutional barriers to adaptation, mitigation or development, climate change will make ...
... transfers to increase income are complemented by new financial flows to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation transfers) and become climate-resilient (adaptation transfers). We find that in the absence of institutional barriers to adaptation, mitigation or development, climate change will make ...
Global Change: Climate Alteration and Global
... increased warming of Earth. It also is an air pollutant in the lower troposphere where it can cause damage to plants and human respiratory systems. All of these gases have been a part of the atmosphere for millions of years, and have kept Earth warm enough to be habitable.There is one other type of ...
... increased warming of Earth. It also is an air pollutant in the lower troposphere where it can cause damage to plants and human respiratory systems. All of these gases have been a part of the atmosphere for millions of years, and have kept Earth warm enough to be habitable.There is one other type of ...
Transcript
... Now the key man in this story, the man with a plan, is a guy called Matthew Fontaine Maury. Now Maury was a lieutenant in the US Navy and from even when he was a small boy was obsessed with mathematics and data and analysis. But in 1839 Maury had a coaching accident where he broke his thigh bone and ...
... Now the key man in this story, the man with a plan, is a guy called Matthew Fontaine Maury. Now Maury was a lieutenant in the US Navy and from even when he was a small boy was obsessed with mathematics and data and analysis. But in 1839 Maury had a coaching accident where he broke his thigh bone and ...
Scottish Government Consultation Response
... available online for public sector users to use on a trial basis for the 2014/15 reporting year, and practical support is available from SSN. They highlighted the need for flexibility and proportionality in the reporting requirements to take The data and narrative information collected from the subm ...
... available online for public sector users to use on a trial basis for the 2014/15 reporting year, and practical support is available from SSN. They highlighted the need for flexibility and proportionality in the reporting requirements to take The data and narrative information collected from the subm ...
A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate
... the dispersal capacity of species in response to anthropogenic warming. Indeed, there are many implications of microrefugia and yet our understanding of them is quite limited. Most notably, we lack an understanding of the climatic basis for explaining their existence. Investigators commonly attribut ...
... the dispersal capacity of species in response to anthropogenic warming. Indeed, there are many implications of microrefugia and yet our understanding of them is quite limited. Most notably, we lack an understanding of the climatic basis for explaining their existence. Investigators commonly attribut ...
Philippine N ational Grassroots C onferenc e on Climate C hange
... brought about by decades of human-induced surplus production based on the capitalist greed for super profits. More importantly, addressing climate change should be based on raising the question of sustainability of our global systems and structures of governance. Questions such as “is this system un ...
... brought about by decades of human-induced surplus production based on the capitalist greed for super profits. More importantly, addressing climate change should be based on raising the question of sustainability of our global systems and structures of governance. Questions such as “is this system un ...
An Introduction to the Science of Climate Change
... Environment and Development, informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The UNFCCC aims at reducing emissions of the greenhouse gases. The United Nations Conference on Climate Change allows for a forum for delegates from governments, industry, the scientific community, the ...
... Environment and Development, informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The UNFCCC aims at reducing emissions of the greenhouse gases. The United Nations Conference on Climate Change allows for a forum for delegates from governments, industry, the scientific community, the ...
Adaptation and Vulnerability to Climate Change: The
... forests. These risks are real and the economic costs would be huge. For that reason, the Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) has strongly advocated an aggressive policy of mitigating greenhouse gases. Even with such a policy, however, we cannot avoid further warming, due to the thermal inertia of th ...
... forests. These risks are real and the economic costs would be huge. For that reason, the Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) has strongly advocated an aggressive policy of mitigating greenhouse gases. Even with such a policy, however, we cannot avoid further warming, due to the thermal inertia of th ...
Climate modelling in Bangladesh
... devastation on the lives of its people. Climate change will only intensify such threats. Indeed, the Bangladesh government believes that the effects of climate change are already being experienced in the country. The need for Bangladesh to develop adaptation strategies to cope with climate change is ...
... devastation on the lives of its people. Climate change will only intensify such threats. Indeed, the Bangladesh government believes that the effects of climate change are already being experienced in the country. The need for Bangladesh to develop adaptation strategies to cope with climate change is ...
A Framework for the Development of New Socio
... and SPAs on the third. This simplified picture does not capture possible linkages and feedbacks among RCPs, SSPs and SPAs. For example, an affluent world with high technological capabilities would tend to have both high adaptive and mitigative capabilities and thus result in low climate stabilizatio ...
... and SPAs on the third. This simplified picture does not capture possible linkages and feedbacks among RCPs, SSPs and SPAs. For example, an affluent world with high technological capabilities would tend to have both high adaptive and mitigative capabilities and thus result in low climate stabilizatio ...
Infectious disease, development, and climate change: a
... only be changed with a substantial delay, development is the preferred strategy to reduce infectious diseases even if they are exacerbated by climate change. Development can, in particular, support the needed strengthening of disease control programs in the short run and thereby increase the capacit ...
... only be changed with a substantial delay, development is the preferred strategy to reduce infectious diseases even if they are exacerbated by climate change. Development can, in particular, support the needed strengthening of disease control programs in the short run and thereby increase the capacit ...
Potentials for greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture
... their physical exposure and their high dependency on climate-sensitive natural resources for agriculture. They only have low adaptive capacity because of poverty, weak institutions and limited access to improved adaptation technologies. Most (sub-)tropical areas are expected to suffer from considera ...
... their physical exposure and their high dependency on climate-sensitive natural resources for agriculture. They only have low adaptive capacity because of poverty, weak institutions and limited access to improved adaptation technologies. Most (sub-)tropical areas are expected to suffer from considera ...
2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit, was held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 and 18 December. The conference included the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 5th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 5) to the Kyoto Protocol. According to the Bali Road Map, a framework for climate change mitigation beyond 2012 was to be agreed there.On Friday 18 December, the final day of the conference, international media reported that the climate talks were ""in disarray"". Media also reported that in lieu of a summit collapse, only a ""weak political statement"" was anticipated at the conclusion of the conference. The Copenhagen Accord was drafted by the United States, China, India, Brazil and South Africa on 18 December, and judged a ""meaningful agreement"" by the United States government. It was ""taken note of"", but not ""adopted"", in a debate of all the participating countries the next day, and it was not passed unanimously. The document recognised that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the present day and that actions should be taken to keep any temperature increases to below 2 °C. The document is not legally binding and does not contain any legally binding commitments for reducing CO2 emissions.In January 2014, documents leaked by Edward Snowden and published by Dagbladet Information revealed that the US government negotiators were in receipt of information during the conference that was being obtained by spying against other conference delegations. The US National Security Agency provided US delegates with advance details other delegations' positions, including the Danish plan to ""rescue"" the talks should they flounder. Members of the Danish negotiating team said that both the US and Chinese delegations were ""peculiarly well-informed"" about closed-door discussions: ""They simply sat back, just as we had feared they would if they knew about our document.""