Vulnerability and Feedbacks of Permafrost to Climate Change
... or growth) will affect methane emissions and carbon sequestration and thus permafrost– carbon cycle feedbacks. Changes in thermokarst lake extent observed during recent decades show both increases and decreases in area depending on region. Other processes also degrade permafrost and mobilize deep s ...
... or growth) will affect methane emissions and carbon sequestration and thus permafrost– carbon cycle feedbacks. Changes in thermokarst lake extent observed during recent decades show both increases and decreases in area depending on region. Other processes also degrade permafrost and mobilize deep s ...
New Cost Estimates for Carbon Sequestration Through Afforestation
... commodities, thus increasing their prices and the opportunity cost of conversion to forest. Similarly, more land in forest would increase the supply of wood products, diminishing these prices and the willingness of landowners to afforest. By combining models of the timber and agricultural sectors, t ...
... commodities, thus increasing their prices and the opportunity cost of conversion to forest. Similarly, more land in forest would increase the supply of wood products, diminishing these prices and the willingness of landowners to afforest. By combining models of the timber and agricultural sectors, t ...
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... measures. Given such risks, and without management strategies to enhance adaptation, the potential of planted forests and natural forests to sequester and store carbon will be diminished, thus feeding a positive feedback of carbon emissions [4]. Furthermore, the enhancement of the adaptive capacity ...
... measures. Given such risks, and without management strategies to enhance adaptation, the potential of planted forests and natural forests to sequester and store carbon will be diminished, thus feeding a positive feedback of carbon emissions [4]. Furthermore, the enhancement of the adaptive capacity ...
Role of volcanic forcing on future global carbon cycle
... The most important climatic effect of explosive volcanic eruptions is through the emission of sulphur species, mostly as SO2 , into the stratosphere. The SO2 is rapidly converted into sulphuric acid, which in turn condenses into aerosols. These volcanic aerosols are then spread around the globe by a ...
... The most important climatic effect of explosive volcanic eruptions is through the emission of sulphur species, mostly as SO2 , into the stratosphere. The SO2 is rapidly converted into sulphuric acid, which in turn condenses into aerosols. These volcanic aerosols are then spread around the globe by a ...
Temporal variation of δ13C of larch leaves from a montane boreal
... ecosystem processes (Ehleringer et al. 2002). Plants discriminate against 13C during photosynthesis, leading to more negative isotopic composition in plant tissue than in the atmosphere (Farquhar et al. 1989a; Ehleringer et al. 2002). The isotope discrimination occurs as a result of the higher stoma ...
... ecosystem processes (Ehleringer et al. 2002). Plants discriminate against 13C during photosynthesis, leading to more negative isotopic composition in plant tissue than in the atmosphere (Farquhar et al. 1989a; Ehleringer et al. 2002). The isotope discrimination occurs as a result of the higher stoma ...
The benefits of using compost for mitigating climate change
... oxide emissions in Australian agricultural systems were below the IPCC default (1.25% of added nitrogen) in cotton and wheat, but well above that level in high rainfall south east Queensland, and extreme in sugar cane on acid sulfate soil. The increased input of carbon from organic soil amendments ( ...
... oxide emissions in Australian agricultural systems were below the IPCC default (1.25% of added nitrogen) in cotton and wheat, but well above that level in high rainfall south east Queensland, and extreme in sugar cane on acid sulfate soil. The increased input of carbon from organic soil amendments ( ...
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
... by the sun) and water to chemically combine carbon atoms from CO2 into the organic molecules needed to build a sunflower (a process called carbon fixation). The byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen gas (O2) that is released into the atmosphere. The solar energy captured by photosynthesis is stored ...
... by the sun) and water to chemically combine carbon atoms from CO2 into the organic molecules needed to build a sunflower (a process called carbon fixation). The byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen gas (O2) that is released into the atmosphere. The solar energy captured by photosynthesis is stored ...
Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle
... forest fires in Greece in 2007 (Founda & Giannakopoulos, 2009), the dry spells in the Amazon basin in 2005 (Phillips et al., 2009) and 2010 (Lewis et al., 2011), in the U.S.A. 2000–2004 (Breshears et al., 2005; Schwalm et al., 2012), the forest fires in Russia in 2010 (Barriopedro et al., 2011; Kono ...
... forest fires in Greece in 2007 (Founda & Giannakopoulos, 2009), the dry spells in the Amazon basin in 2005 (Phillips et al., 2009) and 2010 (Lewis et al., 2011), in the U.S.A. 2000–2004 (Breshears et al., 2005; Schwalm et al., 2012), the forest fires in Russia in 2010 (Barriopedro et al., 2011; Kono ...
Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystems structure and function
... CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate, but this response declines as the CO2 fertilization effect becomes saturated and is diminished by further changes in climate factors [e.g., Cao and Woodward, 1998]. Vegetation dynamics are, however, important when assessing changes in biogeochemical fluxes and ...
... CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate, but this response declines as the CO2 fertilization effect becomes saturated and is diminished by further changes in climate factors [e.g., Cao and Woodward, 1998]. Vegetation dynamics are, however, important when assessing changes in biogeochemical fluxes and ...
Detecting microbial N-limitation in tussock tundra soil
... promote microbial N-immobilization, enhance microbial activity and potential SOC loss (Jonasson et al., 1996; Mack et al., 2004; Churchland et al., 2010; Lavoie et al., 2011). These studies suggest that it is not simply temperature that limits decomposition in this system. To break down plant polyme ...
... promote microbial N-immobilization, enhance microbial activity and potential SOC loss (Jonasson et al., 1996; Mack et al., 2004; Churchland et al., 2010; Lavoie et al., 2011). These studies suggest that it is not simply temperature that limits decomposition in this system. To break down plant polyme ...
Hurteau et al. 2014 - Earth Systems Ecology Lab
... the effects of altered climate on mixed-conifer forest growth in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California. Estimates of forest growth and live tree carbon stocks were made for low and high emission scenarios using four downscaled general circulation model (GCM) projections. The climate scenarios were couple ...
... the effects of altered climate on mixed-conifer forest growth in the Lake Tahoe Basin, California. Estimates of forest growth and live tree carbon stocks were made for low and high emission scenarios using four downscaled general circulation model (GCM) projections. The climate scenarios were couple ...
Quantifying Albedo and Surface Temperature
... energy was available during the sensible and latent heat fluxes. Rost and Mayer (2006) examined the energy budget of an adjacent grassland and pine forest site in southwest Germany. Even though both sites were exposed to about the same amount of shortwave radiation, the albedo of both land cover typ ...
... energy was available during the sensible and latent heat fluxes. Rost and Mayer (2006) examined the energy budget of an adjacent grassland and pine forest site in southwest Germany. Even though both sites were exposed to about the same amount of shortwave radiation, the albedo of both land cover typ ...
Moss Gardens, Annie Martin
... mosses, have been on Planet Earth for over 450 million years – that's 50 million years before ferns and other plants appeared. These pioneer plants can grow in places that other vascular plants won't grow – for instance, in locations that are too shady or the soil is inferior. Over the millennia, ti ...
... mosses, have been on Planet Earth for over 450 million years – that's 50 million years before ferns and other plants appeared. These pioneer plants can grow in places that other vascular plants won't grow – for instance, in locations that are too shady or the soil is inferior. Over the millennia, ti ...
Working Group on Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
... creating new economic growth engines. In short, carbon pricing has the potential for encouraging companies to rethink their procedures and, if needed, reinvent themselves in the immediate and in the long term. Carbon pricing also incentivizes consumers to make more environmentally friendly decisions ...
... creating new economic growth engines. In short, carbon pricing has the potential for encouraging companies to rethink their procedures and, if needed, reinvent themselves in the immediate and in the long term. Carbon pricing also incentivizes consumers to make more environmentally friendly decisions ...
Consequences of Considering Carbon–Nitrogen
... cases, terrestrial ecosystems even switch from being a carbon sink to being a carbon source by the year 2100 (Cox et al. 2000). While warming will increase both plant and soil respiration, it will also result in additional soil nitrogen being made available to the vegetation as it increases soil org ...
... cases, terrestrial ecosystems even switch from being a carbon sink to being a carbon source by the year 2100 (Cox et al. 2000). While warming will increase both plant and soil respiration, it will also result in additional soil nitrogen being made available to the vegetation as it increases soil org ...
Abandoning Fossil Fuel - OxCarre
... Armon Rezai* and Frederick van der Ploeg**†‡ Abstract Climate change must deal with two market failures: global warming and learning by doing in renewable use. A third way for climate policy is therefore required consisting of an aggressive renewables subsidy in the near term and a gradually rising ...
... Armon Rezai* and Frederick van der Ploeg**†‡ Abstract Climate change must deal with two market failures: global warming and learning by doing in renewable use. A third way for climate policy is therefore required consisting of an aggressive renewables subsidy in the near term and a gradually rising ...
Tradable Carbon Permit Auctions: How and Why to Auction Not Grandfather
... by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, believes that the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate (IPCC, 1996). At the Climate Change Summit in Kyoto in December 1997, a large group of developed countries agreed to restrict their carbon em ...
... by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, believes that the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate (IPCC, 1996). At the Climate Change Summit in Kyoto in December 1997, a large group of developed countries agreed to restrict their carbon em ...
Black Carbon Power Point (L.Marschke)
... these loops show the same type of change (positive feedback) in two different ways ...
... these loops show the same type of change (positive feedback) in two different ways ...
Building Resilience for an Unpredictable Future
... happening, its potential to reduce climate change is quite significant, particularly in concert with reforms of industries aiming at reducing energy use and promoting renewable energy sources. OA is often ignored in discussions of climate change mitigation, but is worth considering, especially if th ...
... happening, its potential to reduce climate change is quite significant, particularly in concert with reforms of industries aiming at reducing energy use and promoting renewable energy sources. OA is often ignored in discussions of climate change mitigation, but is worth considering, especially if th ...
File - Mrs. Mongeon Science
... around climate change, which is also sometimes referred to as global warming. (not the same thing) Climate change is a broader term (more factors than just temperature) Global warming refers to an increase in Earth’s average temperature (only on aspect of climate change in general) ...
... around climate change, which is also sometimes referred to as global warming. (not the same thing) Climate change is a broader term (more factors than just temperature) Global warming refers to an increase in Earth’s average temperature (only on aspect of climate change in general) ...
Soil drying in Europe and its impact on atmospheric
... frequency is at the low end of the CTL range. This signature is also present in the ERA40 blocking frequency for the longitudinal range between 40°W and 120°E. Further West all ESSENCE runs underestimate the blocking frequency in summer. The origin of this bias is not known. To identify episodes wit ...
... frequency is at the low end of the CTL range. This signature is also present in the ERA40 blocking frequency for the longitudinal range between 40°W and 120°E. Further West all ESSENCE runs underestimate the blocking frequency in summer. The origin of this bias is not known. To identify episodes wit ...
What is a “covered entity?” - Texas Association of Environmental
... the complete, accurate, and reliable tracking of GHG emissions in the U.S • The Registry must also track the production, manufacture, and importation of fuels and other products the use of which result in GHG emissions • EPA must also develop rules for calculating the carbon content and GHG emission ...
... the complete, accurate, and reliable tracking of GHG emissions in the U.S • The Registry must also track the production, manufacture, and importation of fuels and other products the use of which result in GHG emissions • EPA must also develop rules for calculating the carbon content and GHG emission ...
Predicting and verifying the intended and unintended consequences
... and that anthropogenic activities are already affecting climate (IPCC 2007). Also, humans have polluted coastal systems (GESAMP 2001) and fundamentally altered marine food webs by fishing down top predators and depleting fish stocks world-wide (Jackson et al. 2001, Myers & Worm 2003). Regardless, OI ...
... and that anthropogenic activities are already affecting climate (IPCC 2007). Also, humans have polluted coastal systems (GESAMP 2001) and fundamentally altered marine food webs by fishing down top predators and depleting fish stocks world-wide (Jackson et al. 2001, Myers & Worm 2003). Regardless, OI ...
i1880e12
... processes lead to a loss of 13 tonnes C/ha (Woomer, Toure and Sall, 2004). Although agriculture is viewed as a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it holds great potential to contribute to mitigation, through actions to reduce GHG emissions (CO2, methane [CH4], nitrous oxide [N2O]) and t ...
... processes lead to a loss of 13 tonnes C/ha (Woomer, Toure and Sall, 2004). Although agriculture is viewed as a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it holds great potential to contribute to mitigation, through actions to reduce GHG emissions (CO2, methane [CH4], nitrous oxide [N2O]) and t ...
The Role of Transportation in Driving Climate Disruption
... The influence of air pollutant precursor emissions on warming is important, yet complex. Air pollutants—ozone-forming nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides—affect the global climate both directly and indirectly. Air pollution indirectly inhibits Ear ...
... The influence of air pollutant precursor emissions on warming is important, yet complex. Air pollutants—ozone-forming nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides—affect the global climate both directly and indirectly. Air pollution indirectly inhibits Ear ...
Climate-friendly gardening
Climate-friendly gardening is gardening in ways which reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from gardens and encourage the absorption of carbon dioxide by soils and plants in order to aid the reduction of global warming.To be a climate-friendly gardener means considering both what happens in a garden and the materials brought into it and the impact they have on land use and climate.It can also include garden features or activities in the garden that help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere.