Response of Trees to CO2 Increase
... wheat or rice (Kim et al. 2003; Kimball et al. 1995; Ainsworth and Long 2005). However, in chamber studies the reports have been just the opposite, where the trees have not responded as in FACE experiments and the annual crops have responded much better. Many projections on the future food productiv ...
... wheat or rice (Kim et al. 2003; Kimball et al. 1995; Ainsworth and Long 2005). However, in chamber studies the reports have been just the opposite, where the trees have not responded as in FACE experiments and the annual crops have responded much better. Many projections on the future food productiv ...
Effects of Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Insect
... the ambient-treatment trees. Thus, growth effects may be most dramatic in agricultural systems, where nutrients are less limiting than in natural systems, which often are depauperate in key nutrients. Such growth effects have important implications for insects. Experimentally determining the specifi ...
... the ambient-treatment trees. Thus, growth effects may be most dramatic in agricultural systems, where nutrients are less limiting than in natural systems, which often are depauperate in key nutrients. Such growth effects have important implications for insects. Experimentally determining the specifi ...
Saimaa University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Technology, Imatra
... 2.2 Climate change According to the International Panel of Climate Change (IPCC), they describe climate change as any change in climate over time, whether as a result of human activity or because of the natural variability (3.). Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitro ...
... 2.2 Climate change According to the International Panel of Climate Change (IPCC), they describe climate change as any change in climate over time, whether as a result of human activity or because of the natural variability (3.). Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitro ...
Studies specific to Boreal forests
... These activities demarcate the “first major detectable impact on local forest structure” in the boreal region of Sweden. People cleared small fields in which they grew cereals and raised cattle in the forest. “The population density was often less than one person per square kilometer, and villages a ...
... These activities demarcate the “first major detectable impact on local forest structure” in the boreal region of Sweden. People cleared small fields in which they grew cereals and raised cattle in the forest. “The population density was often less than one person per square kilometer, and villages a ...
Boreal forest soil carbon: distribution, function and modelling
... somewhat sensitive, mosaic of sandy acidic mineral soils and organic rich peat soils of moderate productivity. Being relatively young, they retain a great deal of the mineral content of the parent material; however, low temperatures, surface area (low clay contents) and soil pH result in lownutrient ...
... somewhat sensitive, mosaic of sandy acidic mineral soils and organic rich peat soils of moderate productivity. Being relatively young, they retain a great deal of the mineral content of the parent material; however, low temperatures, surface area (low clay contents) and soil pH result in lownutrient ...
A New Approach to Climate Change: A Consideration of Ancillary
... broader historical development of action on climate change, and efforts on addressing other environmental problems, especially those related to air pollution. One of the first global environmental movements to address air pollution issues was the movement to protect the ozone layer. While abating ca ...
... broader historical development of action on climate change, and efforts on addressing other environmental problems, especially those related to air pollution. One of the first global environmental movements to address air pollution issues was the movement to protect the ozone layer. While abating ca ...
Required Gases and GWP values
... National and international mechanisms to reduce GHG emissions At the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, international negotiators adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC’s objective is to prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system by stabilizin ...
... National and international mechanisms to reduce GHG emissions At the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, international negotiators adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC’s objective is to prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system by stabilizin ...
Conservation and sustainable management of peatlands in
... formation; on the other hand the peat plays a crucial role for the preservation of the permafrost. These ecosystems, therefore, are extremely vulnerable because of these connections. Changes in any one of the components will inevitably impact the other, and may lead to the drastic changes in landsca ...
... formation; on the other hand the peat plays a crucial role for the preservation of the permafrost. These ecosystems, therefore, are extremely vulnerable because of these connections. Changes in any one of the components will inevitably impact the other, and may lead to the drastic changes in landsca ...
global warming - National Geographic Society
... improve energy efficiency in homes and businesses. We can improve the fuel efficiency of cars and other vehicles. We can also support development of alternative energy sources, such as solar power and biofuels, that don’t involve burning fossil fuels. Some scientists are working to capture carbon d ...
... improve energy efficiency in homes and businesses. We can improve the fuel efficiency of cars and other vehicles. We can also support development of alternative energy sources, such as solar power and biofuels, that don’t involve burning fossil fuels. Some scientists are working to capture carbon d ...
A simple object-oriented and open-source model for scientific and
... libraries (http://www.boost.org) required. HTML documentation can be automatically generated from the code using the Doxygen tool (http://www.doxygen.org). All these tools and libraries are free and open source. Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 939–955, 2015 ...
... libraries (http://www.boost.org) required. HTML documentation can be automatically generated from the code using the Doxygen tool (http://www.doxygen.org). All these tools and libraries are free and open source. Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 939–955, 2015 ...
Why Maintaining Tropical Forests Is Essential and Urgent for a Stable Climate
... Rosa C. Goodman and Martin Herold Abstract Tropical forests have the highest carbon density and cover more land area than forests in any other biome. They also serve a vital role as a natural buffer to climate change ―capturing 2.2–2.7 Gt of carbon per year. Unfortunately, tropical forests, mangrove ...
... Rosa C. Goodman and Martin Herold Abstract Tropical forests have the highest carbon density and cover more land area than forests in any other biome. They also serve a vital role as a natural buffer to climate change ―capturing 2.2–2.7 Gt of carbon per year. Unfortunately, tropical forests, mangrove ...
Low Greenhouse Gas Agriculture: Mitigation and adaptation
... et al. (2006) found lower emission rates for organic farming compared to conventional farming in five European countries. In a long-term study in southern Germany, Flessa, et al. (2002) also found reduced N2O emission rates in organic agriculture, although yield-related emissions were not reduced. A ...
... et al. (2006) found lower emission rates for organic farming compared to conventional farming in five European countries. In a long-term study in southern Germany, Flessa, et al. (2002) also found reduced N2O emission rates in organic agriculture, although yield-related emissions were not reduced. A ...
Working Paper 165 - Dechezlepretre et al 2015 (opens in new window)
... A few recent studies have begun to investigate the impact of the EU ETS on carbon leakage. Martin et al. (2013b) review the ex-post empirical evidence of the impact of the EU ETS on carbon leakage. Although the studies outcomes differ across papers, there is overall no indication that the EU ETS had ...
... A few recent studies have begun to investigate the impact of the EU ETS on carbon leakage. Martin et al. (2013b) review the ex-post empirical evidence of the impact of the EU ETS on carbon leakage. Although the studies outcomes differ across papers, there is overall no indication that the EU ETS had ...
PDF
... potential costs if emissions that cannot be affordably and reasonably accurately measured are included. The essay explores why agriculture is different to other sectors and its diffuse and diverse emissions are inherently difficult to measure and fluctuate in response environmental factors such as c ...
... potential costs if emissions that cannot be affordably and reasonably accurately measured are included. The essay explores why agriculture is different to other sectors and its diffuse and diverse emissions are inherently difficult to measure and fluctuate in response environmental factors such as c ...
Nitrogen–climate interactions in US agriculture
... (USEPA 2011a). Because manure is often produced by livestock consuming grain imported from long distances and is expensive to transport, only a small percentage is returned to the field of origin; most manure is applied to nearby fields close to animal feeding operations. This regional N imbalance l ...
... (USEPA 2011a). Because manure is often produced by livestock consuming grain imported from long distances and is expensive to transport, only a small percentage is returned to the field of origin; most manure is applied to nearby fields close to animal feeding operations. This regional N imbalance l ...
Effects of transient soil waterlogging and its importance for
... the optimal range for the physiological performance of the plants. This balance may be altered by both natural and anthropic factors. Human-related causes include poor irrigation management and soil compaction, while natural flooding are caused by excessive rain (Irfan et al., 2010). In both cases s ...
... the optimal range for the physiological performance of the plants. This balance may be altered by both natural and anthropic factors. Human-related causes include poor irrigation management and soil compaction, while natural flooding are caused by excessive rain (Irfan et al., 2010). In both cases s ...
Performance Benchmark E
... The residence time of nitrogen (N2) is about 44 million years; that of oxygen (O2) is 7 million years. It is easy to see why we think of these gases as non-variable components of the atmosphere. Conversely, the residence time of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 4 years while that of methane (CH4) is 3.6 yea ...
... The residence time of nitrogen (N2) is about 44 million years; that of oxygen (O2) is 7 million years. It is easy to see why we think of these gases as non-variable components of the atmosphere. Conversely, the residence time of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 4 years while that of methane (CH4) is 3.6 yea ...
printer-friendly version
... The residence time of nitrogen (N2) is about 44 million years; that of oxygen (O2) is 7 million years. It is easy to see why we think of these gases as non-variable components of the atmosphere. Conversely, the residence time of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 4 years while that of methane (CH4) is 3.6 yea ...
... The residence time of nitrogen (N2) is about 44 million years; that of oxygen (O2) is 7 million years. It is easy to see why we think of these gases as non-variable components of the atmosphere. Conversely, the residence time of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 4 years while that of methane (CH4) is 3.6 yea ...
Cooling the Earth with Crops
... lead to changes in storm-tracks and a northward shift in the Ferrel cell (a large scale atmospheric circulation feature) which causes warming in Europe.20 This makes local biogeophysical changes to tropical forests very important not just for the regional climate and biosphere, but also for the worl ...
... lead to changes in storm-tracks and a northward shift in the Ferrel cell (a large scale atmospheric circulation feature) which causes warming in Europe.20 This makes local biogeophysical changes to tropical forests very important not just for the regional climate and biosphere, but also for the worl ...
paths beyond paris
... Fossil fuel development within Indigenous territories, land, water and seas is increasing. It is business as usual with oil, coal, natural gas and hydraulic fracturing of shale gas/oil expansions on and near Indigenous Peoples’ lands and territories, despite climate science linking human activity, s ...
... Fossil fuel development within Indigenous territories, land, water and seas is increasing. It is business as usual with oil, coal, natural gas and hydraulic fracturing of shale gas/oil expansions on and near Indigenous Peoples’ lands and territories, despite climate science linking human activity, s ...
Climate smartness of GIZ soil protection and rehabilitation
... rehabilitation for food security by aligning with the goals of CSA. The project builds on CIAT’s expertise in both soil science and CSA. It assesses the climate smartness of selected, GIZ-endorsed soil protection and rehabilitation measures in the five countries because, soil rehabilitation is often ...
... rehabilitation for food security by aligning with the goals of CSA. The project builds on CIAT’s expertise in both soil science and CSA. It assesses the climate smartness of selected, GIZ-endorsed soil protection and rehabilitation measures in the five countries because, soil rehabilitation is often ...
Paths beyond Paris
... Fossil fuel development within Indigenous territories, land, water and seas is increasing. It is business as usual with oil, coal, natural gas and hydraulic fracturing of shale gas/oil expansions on and near Indigenous Peoples’ lands and territories, despite climate science linking human activity, s ...
... Fossil fuel development within Indigenous territories, land, water and seas is increasing. It is business as usual with oil, coal, natural gas and hydraulic fracturing of shale gas/oil expansions on and near Indigenous Peoples’ lands and territories, despite climate science linking human activity, s ...
Climate and carbon cycle dynamics in a CESM simulation from 850
... to the existing set of simulations an integration from 850– 2100 CE with the Community Earth System Model, including a carbon cycle module. The aims of this study are (i) to detect coherent large-scale features of forced variability in temperature and carbon cycle quantities, in particular in respon ...
... to the existing set of simulations an integration from 850– 2100 CE with the Community Earth System Model, including a carbon cycle module. The aims of this study are (i) to detect coherent large-scale features of forced variability in temperature and carbon cycle quantities, in particular in respon ...
climate change - Saskatchewan.ca
... In the last decade, global temperatures have been higher 75 percent of the time when compared to the last 11,300 years. The global concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached 400 parts per million. This is the highest rate in recorded history. Carbon and water cycle scientists like ...
... In the last decade, global temperatures have been higher 75 percent of the time when compared to the last 11,300 years. The global concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached 400 parts per million. This is the highest rate in recorded history. Carbon and water cycle scientists like ...
Carbon Market Crossroads
... better regulation and accountability rather than calling for an end to home mortgages. We understand that Ponzi schemes and excessive risk taking on Wall Street require more transparency and better oversight rather than rejecting financial markets altogether. We understand the benefits of each of th ...
... better regulation and accountability rather than calling for an end to home mortgages. We understand that Ponzi schemes and excessive risk taking on Wall Street require more transparency and better oversight rather than rejecting financial markets altogether. We understand the benefits of each of th ...
Climate-friendly gardening
Climate-friendly gardening is gardening in ways which reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from gardens and encourage the absorption of carbon dioxide by soils and plants in order to aid the reduction of global warming.To be a climate-friendly gardener means considering both what happens in a garden and the materials brought into it and the impact they have on land use and climate.It can also include garden features or activities in the garden that help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere.