This paper reports on a special health concern identified in Barrow
... graph shows temperature trend data for much of the past century. Though there has been considerable variation and periods of warming and cooling, the mean average annual temperature has been gradually increasing. Over the past 50 years, the mean annual temperature in Barrow has increased by 4.5oF ...
... graph shows temperature trend data for much of the past century. Though there has been considerable variation and periods of warming and cooling, the mean average annual temperature has been gradually increasing. Over the past 50 years, the mean annual temperature in Barrow has increased by 4.5oF ...
Recent changes in freezing level heights in the Tropics with
... Received 10 February 2009; revised 9 July 2009; accepted 4 August 2009; published 4 September 2009. ...
... Received 10 February 2009; revised 9 July 2009; accepted 4 August 2009; published 4 September 2009. ...
On the Potential for Abrupt Arctic Winter Sea Ice Loss
... (Manuscript received 7 July 2015, in final form 19 January 2016) ABSTRACT The authors examine the transition from a seasonally ice-covered Arctic to an Arctic Ocean that is sea ice free all year round under increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. It is shown that in comprehensive climate models, such los ...
... (Manuscript received 7 July 2015, in final form 19 January 2016) ABSTRACT The authors examine the transition from a seasonally ice-covered Arctic to an Arctic Ocean that is sea ice free all year round under increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. It is shown that in comprehensive climate models, such los ...
Climate, Glaciers and Permafrost in the Swiss Alps
... talus and moraines strongly depend on snow cover conditions and are thus difficult to predict. Because of latent heat effects, complete thawing of such frozen debris in any case takes many decades to centuries even with warming to 0°C. Permafrost evolution in bedrock of steep mountain peaks with hig ...
... talus and moraines strongly depend on snow cover conditions and are thus difficult to predict. Because of latent heat effects, complete thawing of such frozen debris in any case takes many decades to centuries even with warming to 0°C. Permafrost evolution in bedrock of steep mountain peaks with hig ...
Study of Impacts of Global Warming on Climate Change
... With increases in the Earth's global mean temperature i.e., global warming, the various effects on climate change pose risks that increases. The IPCC (2001d and 2007d) has organized many of these risks into five "reasons for concern: ...
... With increases in the Earth's global mean temperature i.e., global warming, the various effects on climate change pose risks that increases. The IPCC (2001d and 2007d) has organized many of these risks into five "reasons for concern: ...
Lake Superior summer water temperatures are increasing more
... warms during the summer months, leading to a stronger trend in mean summer temperatures than would be expected from changes in summer air temperature alone. Citation: Austin, J. A., and S. M. Colman (2007), Lake Superior summer water temperatures are increasing more rapidly than regional air tempera ...
... warms during the summer months, leading to a stronger trend in mean summer temperatures than would be expected from changes in summer air temperature alone. Citation: Austin, J. A., and S. M. Colman (2007), Lake Superior summer water temperatures are increasing more rapidly than regional air tempera ...
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... shrub-tundra are replaced by graminoid and forb tundra in dry habitats, especially areas that are regularly denuded of snow. Graminoid and forb tundra occurs with progressively higher levels of soil moisture as the growing-season temperature sum decreases. Figure 1 also shows the bioclimatic relatio ...
... shrub-tundra are replaced by graminoid and forb tundra in dry habitats, especially areas that are regularly denuded of snow. Graminoid and forb tundra occurs with progressively higher levels of soil moisture as the growing-season temperature sum decreases. Figure 1 also shows the bioclimatic relatio ...
climate change: changing oceans
... make their shells and plates out of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The process of “calcification”, which for some marine organisms is important to their biology and survival, will be reduced as the water becomes acidic (less alkaline). From the evidence available, there is much uncertainty as to whether ...
... make their shells and plates out of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The process of “calcification”, which for some marine organisms is important to their biology and survival, will be reduced as the water becomes acidic (less alkaline). From the evidence available, there is much uncertainty as to whether ...
ACIA Ch01 Final - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... or loss of snow and ice has the effect of increasing the warming trend as reflective snow and ice surfaces are replaced by darker land and water surfaces that absorb more solar radiation. At one extreme, for example, the model of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis projects near-t ...
... or loss of snow and ice has the effect of increasing the warming trend as reflective snow and ice surfaces are replaced by darker land and water surfaces that absorb more solar radiation. At one extreme, for example, the model of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis projects near-t ...
No. 329 December 31, 1998 LONG HOT YEAR by Patrick J. Michaels
... • Observed warming is most pronounced in winter in the very coldest continental air masses of Siberia and northwestern North America.3 • The variation, or unpredictability, of regional temperatures has declined significantly on a global basis while there has been no change in precipitation variabili ...
... • Observed warming is most pronounced in winter in the very coldest continental air masses of Siberia and northwestern North America.3 • The variation, or unpredictability, of regional temperatures has declined significantly on a global basis while there has been no change in precipitation variabili ...
Impacts of climate change at high latitudes on terrestrial plants and
... Unfortunately, predictions of changes in precipitation are less reliable, although there is a generalisation that a warmer world will be a wetter world. At high latitudes, winter temperatures are predicted to increase more than summer temperatures and this may lead to an increase in snow fall, (Warr ...
... Unfortunately, predictions of changes in precipitation are less reliable, although there is a generalisation that a warmer world will be a wetter world. At high latitudes, winter temperatures are predicted to increase more than summer temperatures and this may lead to an increase in snow fall, (Warr ...
Effect of Global Warming and Climate Change on Coastal Zones
... frequency and intensity of rainfall and storms. Coral will generally grow fast enough to keep pace with sea level rise but may be damaged by warmer sea temperatures. Ocean ecosystems may also be affected. In addition to higher sea levels climate change could reduce sea ice cover and alter ocean circ ...
... frequency and intensity of rainfall and storms. Coral will generally grow fast enough to keep pace with sea level rise but may be damaged by warmer sea temperatures. Ocean ecosystems may also be affected. In addition to higher sea levels climate change could reduce sea ice cover and alter ocean circ ...
A 700 Year Record of Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Climate
... dominant mode of circulation for the extratropics (Thompson and Wallace, 2000) (Fig. 1b). Persistence and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), the South Pacific component of the seesaw, is associated with meridional circulation south of New Zealand imposed by the presence of the Australian land m ...
... dominant mode of circulation for the extratropics (Thompson and Wallace, 2000) (Fig. 1b). Persistence and position of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL), the South Pacific component of the seesaw, is associated with meridional circulation south of New Zealand imposed by the presence of the Australian land m ...
Climate change and Arctic ecosystems II
... shrub-tundra are replaced by graminoid and forb tundra in dry habitats, especially areas that are regularly denuded of snow. Graminoid and forb tundra occurs with progressively higher levels of soil moisture as the growing-season temperature sum decreases. Figure 1 also shows the bioclimatic relatio ...
... shrub-tundra are replaced by graminoid and forb tundra in dry habitats, especially areas that are regularly denuded of snow. Graminoid and forb tundra occurs with progressively higher levels of soil moisture as the growing-season temperature sum decreases. Figure 1 also shows the bioclimatic relatio ...
Recent warming in a 500-year palaeotemperature record from
... and spatial patterns of palaeoclimatic change. Varved sediments provide excellent chronological control and have been shown to record climatic variability (Leonard, 1985; Deslodges, 1994; Leeman and Neissen, 1994; Hardy et al., 1996; Lamoureux and Bradley, 1996; Gajewski et al., 1997). In the Arctic ...
... and spatial patterns of palaeoclimatic change. Varved sediments provide excellent chronological control and have been shown to record climatic variability (Leonard, 1985; Deslodges, 1994; Leeman and Neissen, 1994; Hardy et al., 1996; Lamoureux and Bradley, 1996; Gajewski et al., 1997). In the Arctic ...
ACIA Ch02 Final - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... Based on the analysis of the climate of the 20th century (section 2.6), it is very probable2 that arctic temperatures have increased over the past century, although the increase has not been spatially or temporally uniform. The average surface temperature in the Arctic increased by approximately 0.0 ...
... Based on the analysis of the climate of the 20th century (section 2.6), it is very probable2 that arctic temperatures have increased over the past century, although the increase has not been spatially or temporally uniform. The average surface temperature in the Arctic increased by approximately 0.0 ...
Temperature modulates intra-plant growth ofSalix polarisfrom a high
... relation to changing environmental conditions. Most studies on arctic shrub species have focused on variables such as phenology, reproductive effort, or canopy cover, which can be measured with minimal disturbance and nondestructive methods (Hollister et al. 2005). They do not, however, allow a retr ...
... relation to changing environmental conditions. Most studies on arctic shrub species have focused on variables such as phenology, reproductive effort, or canopy cover, which can be measured with minimal disturbance and nondestructive methods (Hollister et al. 2005). They do not, however, allow a retr ...
A Framework for Assessing the Vulnerability of Communities in the
... activities in response to lowering water levels in lakes and rivers, which have made traditional hunting grounds increasingly inaccessible (Fox, 2002). Inuit in the Nunavik region of northern Quebec have had to make similar adjustments in response to the increasing unpredictability of the weather an ...
... activities in response to lowering water levels in lakes and rivers, which have made traditional hunting grounds increasingly inaccessible (Fox, 2002). Inuit in the Nunavik region of northern Quebec have had to make similar adjustments in response to the increasing unpredictability of the weather an ...
Global warming
... ozone, CFCs and nitrous oxide. According to work published in 2007, the concentrations of CO2 and methane have increased by 36% and 148% respectively since 1750.[75] These levels are much higher than at any time during the last 800,000 years, the period for which reliable data has been extracted fro ...
... ozone, CFCs and nitrous oxide. According to work published in 2007, the concentrations of CO2 and methane have increased by 36% and 148% respectively since 1750.[75] These levels are much higher than at any time during the last 800,000 years, the period for which reliable data has been extracted fro ...
Climate Change: Evidence and Causes February 2014
... easier to see by probing beyond a single number (such as the average temperature of Earth’s surface), and looking instead at the geographical and seasonal patterns of climate change. The observed patterns of surface warming, temperature changes through the atmosphere, increases in ocean heat content ...
... easier to see by probing beyond a single number (such as the average temperature of Earth’s surface), and looking instead at the geographical and seasonal patterns of climate change. The observed patterns of surface warming, temperature changes through the atmosphere, increases in ocean heat content ...
Framing Document - American Physical Society
... scenario) would require an average rate of up to 12 mm/yr for the rest of this century, some four times the current rate, and an order of magnitude larger than implied by the 20th century acceleration of 0.01 mm/yr2 found in some studies [AR5 WG1 Report Section 3.7.4]. What drives the projected sea ...
... scenario) would require an average rate of up to 12 mm/yr for the rest of this century, some four times the current rate, and an order of magnitude larger than implied by the 20th century acceleration of 0.01 mm/yr2 found in some studies [AR5 WG1 Report Section 3.7.4]. What drives the projected sea ...
Climate Change - Homepages Web Server
... easier to see by probing beyond a single number (such as the average temperature of Earth’s surface), and looking instead at the geographical and seasonal patterns of climate change. The observed patterns of surface warming, temperature changes through the atmosphere, increases in ocean heat content ...
... easier to see by probing beyond a single number (such as the average temperature of Earth’s surface), and looking instead at the geographical and seasonal patterns of climate change. The observed patterns of surface warming, temperature changes through the atmosphere, increases in ocean heat content ...
Inuit vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change in
... Northwest Territories and the adaptive strategies employed. It is based on collaborative research involving semistructured interviews, secondary sources of information, and participant observations. In the context of subsistence hunting, changes in temperature, seasonal patterns (for example timing ...
... Northwest Territories and the adaptive strategies employed. It is based on collaborative research involving semistructured interviews, secondary sources of information, and participant observations. In the context of subsistence hunting, changes in temperature, seasonal patterns (for example timing ...
assessment report on climate change and its consequences
... those stations that provide a full program of observations, cover representative areas with uniform meteorological conditions, have long series of observations and cannot be closed or relocated. In addition, the regional basic climate network includes 238 stations. GCOS comprises 135 reference stati ...
... those stations that provide a full program of observations, cover representative areas with uniform meteorological conditions, have long series of observations and cannot be closed or relocated. In addition, the regional basic climate network includes 238 stations. GCOS comprises 135 reference stati ...
Climate Change - Division on Earth and Life Studies
... easier to see by probing beyond a single number (such as the average temperature of Earth’s surface), and looking instead at the geographical and seasonal patterns of climate change. The observed patterns of surface warming, temperature changes through the atmosphere, increases in ocean heat content ...
... easier to see by probing beyond a single number (such as the average temperature of Earth’s surface), and looking instead at the geographical and seasonal patterns of climate change. The observed patterns of surface warming, temperature changes through the atmosphere, increases in ocean heat content ...