A Regional Geography of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
... a regional delineator. It is sharply defined by changes in water temperature, salinity and marine fauna and can often be observed visually from high-altitude imagery. Still another regional definition is used by the Antarctic Treaty,' which stipulates an arbitrary boundary for the area at latitude 6 ...
... a regional delineator. It is sharply defined by changes in water temperature, salinity and marine fauna and can often be observed visually from high-altitude imagery. Still another regional definition is used by the Antarctic Treaty,' which stipulates an arbitrary boundary for the area at latitude 6 ...
Chapter 6. Future climate changes
... 6.1.1 The purpose of the scenarios and scenario development As discussed in Chapter 5, the changes in external forcing have to a large extent driven past climate variations. In order to “predict” the climate of the 21st century and beyond, it is thus necessary to estimate future changes in the forci ...
... 6.1.1 The purpose of the scenarios and scenario development As discussed in Chapter 5, the changes in external forcing have to a large extent driven past climate variations. In order to “predict” the climate of the 21st century and beyond, it is thus necessary to estimate future changes in the forci ...
What Factors Determine Earth`s Climate?
... by changes in the composition of the atmosphere are much more predictable than individual weather events. As an example, while we cannot predict the outcome of a single coin toss or roll of the dice, we can predict the statistical behaviour of a large number of such trials. While many factors contin ...
... by changes in the composition of the atmosphere are much more predictable than individual weather events. As an example, while we cannot predict the outcome of a single coin toss or roll of the dice, we can predict the statistical behaviour of a large number of such trials. While many factors contin ...
A blind expert test of contrarian claims about climate data
... statistical issues. This group comprised 30 respondents (11 female, 1 unwilling to indicate gender; mean age 39.3, s = 13.1). Two participants had less than 1 year (or no) professional experience, the remainder had professional experience of 1–2 years (N = 4), 3–5 years (N = 3), 6–10 years (N = 3), ...
... statistical issues. This group comprised 30 respondents (11 female, 1 unwilling to indicate gender; mean age 39.3, s = 13.1). Two participants had less than 1 year (or no) professional experience, the remainder had professional experience of 1–2 years (N = 4), 3–5 years (N = 3), 6–10 years (N = 3), ...
Accurate Answers to Professor Plimer`s 101 Climate Change
... Historical records reveal that the Earth has experienced significant past changes in its climate such as the changes between glacial and interglacial periods. However, none of the previous drivers of change in the Earth’s climate are responsible for all the current temperature increases. ...
... Historical records reveal that the Earth has experienced significant past changes in its climate such as the changes between glacial and interglacial periods. However, none of the previous drivers of change in the Earth’s climate are responsible for all the current temperature increases. ...
GEOGRAPHY
... of the abatis forests over the last 200 years. Large forests were transformed to agricultural fields with coppices. Now, these forests are not distinguishable from the adjacent lands. We considered these processes in the estimate of the rate of the forested land change and modeled the percentage of ...
... of the abatis forests over the last 200 years. Large forests were transformed to agricultural fields with coppices. Now, these forests are not distinguishable from the adjacent lands. We considered these processes in the estimate of the rate of the forested land change and modeled the percentage of ...
Air-mass Origin in the Arctic. Part II: Response to Increases in
... distributions of chemical and particulate tracers in the Arctic is key for understanding climate. It is now well appreciated that nearly all of the pollution in the Arctic originates over Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes (Law and Stohl 2007). Since the distributions of trace species reflect the ...
... distributions of chemical and particulate tracers in the Arctic is key for understanding climate. It is now well appreciated that nearly all of the pollution in the Arctic originates over Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes (Law and Stohl 2007). Since the distributions of trace species reflect the ...
pdf - Framsenteret AS
... Summary of Results This project is now a little bit more than half way. We are on schedule concerning our objectives of understanding the effects of changing winter climate by means of results from experimental studies and analyses of natural events. Numerous tasks have been completed, or are being ...
... Summary of Results This project is now a little bit more than half way. We are on schedule concerning our objectives of understanding the effects of changing winter climate by means of results from experimental studies and analyses of natural events. Numerous tasks have been completed, or are being ...
Questioning the Global Warming Science
... 1. Temperature reconstruction using proxy data: The HockeyStick Graph The IPCC 2001 Document asserted that the present warming of the earth’s surface was unprecedented by prominently displaying the earth’s mean temperature history over last two millennia using a graph now popularly known as the Hock ...
... 1. Temperature reconstruction using proxy data: The HockeyStick Graph The IPCC 2001 Document asserted that the present warming of the earth’s surface was unprecedented by prominently displaying the earth’s mean temperature history over last two millennia using a graph now popularly known as the Hock ...
Impacts of climate change on European marine ecosystems
... issue; Wernberg et al., 2011-this issue; all this volume). During the last 10–15 years, sea water temperatures throughout much of the globe have changed at unprecedented rates: sea ice cover in the Arctic is rapidly disappearing; melting of glaciers and the Greenland ice cap is accelerating; the vol ...
... issue; Wernberg et al., 2011-this issue; all this volume). During the last 10–15 years, sea water temperatures throughout much of the globe have changed at unprecedented rates: sea ice cover in the Arctic is rapidly disappearing; melting of glaciers and the Greenland ice cap is accelerating; the vol ...
BCS331 Module 10
... radiation and their consequences. In November 2004, the report concluded that the Arctic was warming at nearly twice the rate of the rest of the globe, and increasing greenhouse gases from human activities were projected to make it warmer. Other findings included: ...
... radiation and their consequences. In November 2004, the report concluded that the Arctic was warming at nearly twice the rate of the rest of the globe, and increasing greenhouse gases from human activities were projected to make it warmer. Other findings included: ...
file
... Sea level rise is often reported in relation to the intensification of the greenhouse effect. Measurements taken around the globe indicate that sea level has risen by 10 to 20cm during the 20th century and researchers predict that the increase in sea level during the 21st century will be even greate ...
... Sea level rise is often reported in relation to the intensification of the greenhouse effect. Measurements taken around the globe indicate that sea level has risen by 10 to 20cm during the 20th century and researchers predict that the increase in sea level during the 21st century will be even greate ...
ICES, PICES, and the Arctic Council Task Force on Arctic Marine
... IASC, and other marine science organizations. Scientists were the driving force behind creation of ICES and PICES.9 Scientists, not diplomats or fisheries managers, first articulated scientific needs that were not being met in these regions.10 For ICES and PICES, changes in marine science, internati ...
... IASC, and other marine science organizations. Scientists were the driving force behind creation of ICES and PICES.9 Scientists, not diplomats or fisheries managers, first articulated scientific needs that were not being met in these regions.10 For ICES and PICES, changes in marine science, internati ...
An Arctic Race - University of Dayton
... threats. Thus, the best way to guarantee access to the Arctic’s resources and to protect other economic and non-economic interests is for the United States to become a party to the Convention. This comment discusses the United States’ interests in the Arctic region and available methods of securing ...
... threats. Thus, the best way to guarantee access to the Arctic’s resources and to protect other economic and non-economic interests is for the United States to become a party to the Convention. This comment discusses the United States’ interests in the Arctic region and available methods of securing ...
THE great CHALLENGE OF THE ARCTIC
... from 63 countries, helped to send out a resounding warning: the Arctic is the canary in the coal mine for the climate change occurring all over the world. Warming in the Arctic has been 2 to 3 times greater than the global average over the last century. From 1979 to 2012, warming of the northern cli ...
... from 63 countries, helped to send out a resounding warning: the Arctic is the canary in the coal mine for the climate change occurring all over the world. Warming in the Arctic has been 2 to 3 times greater than the global average over the last century. From 1979 to 2012, warming of the northern cli ...
Ground ice melt in the high Arctic leads to greater ecological
... Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa ...
... Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa ...
Ground ice melt in the high Arctic leads to greater ecological
... Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa ...
... Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa ...
Climate Change
... as the world’s climate. However there is now strong evidence that significant global warming is occurring. … It is likely that most of the warming in recent decades can be attributed to human activities. ... The scientific understanding of climate change is now sufficiently clear to justify nations ...
... as the world’s climate. However there is now strong evidence that significant global warming is occurring. … It is likely that most of the warming in recent decades can be attributed to human activities. ... The scientific understanding of climate change is now sufficiently clear to justify nations ...
Disentangling trophic relationships in a High Arctic tundra
... 2006, Post et al. 2009). Of all the regions on Earth, it is in the Arctic that the current global warming trend is occurring at the fastest rate (ACIA 2005). Even though Arctic food webs are less complex than those encountered at lower latitudes (Elton 1927, Gauthier et al. 2012), determining how th ...
... 2006, Post et al. 2009). Of all the regions on Earth, it is in the Arctic that the current global warming trend is occurring at the fastest rate (ACIA 2005). Even though Arctic food webs are less complex than those encountered at lower latitudes (Elton 1927, Gauthier et al. 2012), determining how th ...
Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from
... The future evolution of global mean and regional sea level is important for coastal planning and associated adaptation measures (e.g. Hallegatte et al., 2013; Hinkel et al., 2014; Marzeion and Levermann, 2014). The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ...
... The future evolution of global mean and regional sea level is important for coastal planning and associated adaptation measures (e.g. Hallegatte et al., 2013; Hinkel et al., 2014; Marzeion and Levermann, 2014). The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ...
Chapter 3: Changing Arctic: Indigenous Perspectives
... current and projected changes make it timely and important to reflect on the ways that such changes affect arctic residents, particularly the indigenous residents whose way of life is so closely linked to their surroundings. It is also important to consider how these indigenous residents observe and ...
... current and projected changes make it timely and important to reflect on the ways that such changes affect arctic residents, particularly the indigenous residents whose way of life is so closely linked to their surroundings. It is also important to consider how these indigenous residents observe and ...
Global Warming Guide
... Other greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane and nitrous oxide, are having an additional heating effect on the earth ...
... Other greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane and nitrous oxide, are having an additional heating effect on the earth ...
Climate Change Planning in Alaska`s National Parks
... Ecological “tipping points” are likely to result in rapid change, when conditions H exceed physical or physiological thresholds (e.g., thaw, drought, water temperature). ...
... Ecological “tipping points” are likely to result in rapid change, when conditions H exceed physical or physiological thresholds (e.g., thaw, drought, water temperature). ...
Spatially distributed surface energy balance and ablation modelling
... December 1997 to 12 January 1998. Averaged over the study area (418 km2) and over this 6-week period, net radiation was found to be the main energy source (26 W m 2) followed by the sensible heat flux (8 W m 2). The latent heat flux was negative ( 8 W m 2) indicative of sublimation. High melt r ...
... December 1997 to 12 January 1998. Averaged over the study area (418 km2) and over this 6-week period, net radiation was found to be the main energy source (26 W m 2) followed by the sensible heat flux (8 W m 2). The latent heat flux was negative ( 8 W m 2) indicative of sublimation. High melt r ...
Twentieth-Century Global-Mean Sea Level Rise: Is the Whole
... level rise during the twentieth century. The relevant effects on multidecadal time scales are thermal expansion due to heat uptake by the global ocean, mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, mass loss from glaciers, and changes in water storage on land due principally to groundwater ...
... level rise during the twentieth century. The relevant effects on multidecadal time scales are thermal expansion due to heat uptake by the global ocean, mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, mass loss from glaciers, and changes in water storage on land due principally to groundwater ...