Dietary Intake of Natural Antioxidants: Vitamins and Polyphenols
... et al., 2006), fragile X syndrome (El Bekay et al., 2007), and chronic fatigue syndrome (Chung et al., 2009). The free-radical theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time (Ashok and Ali, 1999). Mammalian cells have developed highly protective indu ...
... et al., 2006), fragile X syndrome (El Bekay et al., 2007), and chronic fatigue syndrome (Chung et al., 2009). The free-radical theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time (Ashok and Ali, 1999). Mammalian cells have developed highly protective indu ...
Vitamins, Minerals and Phytochemicals
... 2. Function- they do not provide energy or become part of the body, but they combine with coenzymes to help chemical reactions take place in the body. Metabolism is one such reaction. Vitamins team up with other nutrients to perform various functions and your body cannot function properly without th ...
... 2. Function- they do not provide energy or become part of the body, but they combine with coenzymes to help chemical reactions take place in the body. Metabolism is one such reaction. Vitamins team up with other nutrients to perform various functions and your body cannot function properly without th ...
Full-Text PDF
... Unfortunately, many athletes, females in particular, may be at risk of poor dietary intakes for folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 [12]. For instance, female athletes may not compensate for the energy expenditure associated with increased physical activity [13]. This behavior puts them at risk o ...
... Unfortunately, many athletes, females in particular, may be at risk of poor dietary intakes for folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 [12]. For instance, female athletes may not compensate for the energy expenditure associated with increased physical activity [13]. This behavior puts them at risk o ...
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
... Two forms of vitamin B6, which are converted to the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). PLP is required in the transamination of amino acids and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids. RDA is 1 mg; deficiency may lead to dermatitis, fatigue, and anemia. Sources are meat, liver, fish, nuts, whol ...
... Two forms of vitamin B6, which are converted to the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). PLP is required in the transamination of amino acids and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids. RDA is 1 mg; deficiency may lead to dermatitis, fatigue, and anemia. Sources are meat, liver, fish, nuts, whol ...
Common Nutritional problems in Bangladesh Part I
... Low purchasing power of the communities and their inability to meet the dietary requirements even after spending 80-90% of their income on food is an important factor for the widespread prevalence of vitamin A deficiency Dr. Mohammad Hayatun Nabi ...
... Low purchasing power of the communities and their inability to meet the dietary requirements even after spending 80-90% of their income on food is an important factor for the widespread prevalence of vitamin A deficiency Dr. Mohammad Hayatun Nabi ...
Enzymes and Vitamins Chapter 21 Problem
... 21.49 If each enzyme molecule is working to full capacity (saturated), a further increase in substrate concentration will have no effect on the rate of the reaction; the rate will remain constant. 21.50 number of substrate molecules transformed per molecule of enzyme per minute at optimum temperatur ...
... 21.49 If each enzyme molecule is working to full capacity (saturated), a further increase in substrate concentration will have no effect on the rate of the reaction; the rate will remain constant. 21.50 number of substrate molecules transformed per molecule of enzyme per minute at optimum temperatur ...
Nutrients Summary - The National Academies of Sciences
... and bread products, fortified ready-to-eat cereals. ...
... and bread products, fortified ready-to-eat cereals. ...
nutritional biochemistry
... regulated. Depending upon the need, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is differentially hydroxylated at C1 or C24 position. 1α- Hydroxylase in kidney is regulated by various factors. Hypocalcimia, hypophosphatemia and PTH stimulate this enzyme. Estrogen and some other hormones also help in regulation of its ...
... regulated. Depending upon the need, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is differentially hydroxylated at C1 or C24 position. 1α- Hydroxylase in kidney is regulated by various factors. Hypocalcimia, hypophosphatemia and PTH stimulate this enzyme. Estrogen and some other hormones also help in regulation of its ...
Role of B vitamins in biological methylation – hdri
... A higher prevalence of low serum vitamin B12 levels has been found in subjects with AD, other dementias, and in people with different cognitive impairments, as compared with controls. In contrast, other cross-sectional studies have failed to find this association. The most recent study on the topic ...
... A higher prevalence of low serum vitamin B12 levels has been found in subjects with AD, other dementias, and in people with different cognitive impairments, as compared with controls. In contrast, other cross-sectional studies have failed to find this association. The most recent study on the topic ...
BETA-CAROTENE RETENTION IN OVEN AND SUN DRIED
... source of vitamin A. However, too much beta-carotene can be dangerous for people who smoke. (Getting high amounts of either vitamin A or beta-carotene ...
... source of vitamin A. However, too much beta-carotene can be dangerous for people who smoke. (Getting high amounts of either vitamin A or beta-carotene ...
An Integrative Approach to Healthy Bones: Osteoporosis
... Weight loss of 12 pounds or more (The good things about this always outweigh the First degree relative (such as a mother) fracture risks.) with osteoporosis Late start of menstruation (after 15 years History of previous fracture old) Increased inflammation in the body Early menopause (Estrogen ...
... Weight loss of 12 pounds or more (The good things about this always outweigh the First degree relative (such as a mother) fracture risks.) with osteoporosis Late start of menstruation (after 15 years History of previous fracture old) Increased inflammation in the body Early menopause (Estrogen ...
THE ANTIOXIDANT VITAMIN
... them to consume more of the nutrient than does the average person. Vitamin C must compete with glucose to reach the tissues and organs through a common cellular transport system. An insufficient supply of insulin also can inhibit the transport of vitamin C to cells that require insulin for their glu ...
... them to consume more of the nutrient than does the average person. Vitamin C must compete with glucose to reach the tissues and organs through a common cellular transport system. An insufficient supply of insulin also can inhibit the transport of vitamin C to cells that require insulin for their glu ...
Vitamins as Hormones
... Vitamins A and D are the first group of substances that have been reported to exhibit properties of skin hormones, such as organized metabolism, activation, inactivation, and elimination in specialized cells of the tissue, exertion of biological activity, and release in the circulation. Vitamin A and ...
... Vitamins A and D are the first group of substances that have been reported to exhibit properties of skin hormones, such as organized metabolism, activation, inactivation, and elimination in specialized cells of the tissue, exertion of biological activity, and release in the circulation. Vitamin A and ...
2 bunches of Swiss chard - Healthy Directions For You
... spinach beet. It is one of the less common vegetables and yet has so many wonderful properties! Chard is an excellent source of Vitamin K, which is essential in protecting against blood clots, as well as potassium, which helps with the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance. Chard is a wonderful sourc ...
... spinach beet. It is one of the less common vegetables and yet has so many wonderful properties! Chard is an excellent source of Vitamin K, which is essential in protecting against blood clots, as well as potassium, which helps with the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance. Chard is a wonderful sourc ...
Dietary Reference Intakes Definitions
... Due to lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for vitamin B12, pantothenic acid or biotin. This does not mean that there is no potential for adverse effects resulting from high intakes. ...
... Due to lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for vitamin B12, pantothenic acid or biotin. This does not mean that there is no potential for adverse effects resulting from high intakes. ...
module 4 - Emergency Nutrition Network
... wide range of normal body functions and processes. Vitamins are either water-soluble (e.g. the B vitamins and vitamin C) or fat-soluble (e.g. vitamins A, D, E and K). Essential minerals include iron, iodine, zinc, calcium, and a large number of others. Micronutrients are found in different amounts i ...
... wide range of normal body functions and processes. Vitamins are either water-soluble (e.g. the B vitamins and vitamin C) or fat-soluble (e.g. vitamins A, D, E and K). Essential minerals include iron, iodine, zinc, calcium, and a large number of others. Micronutrients are found in different amounts i ...
9. Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenic
... 1 mg, a correlation of 0.86 between oral and excreted amounts was found by Bayliss et al. (12). The erythrocyte transketolase assay, in which an activity coefficient based on a TPP stimulation of the basal level is given, continues to be a main functional indicator (9), but some problems have been e ...
... 1 mg, a correlation of 0.86 between oral and excreted amounts was found by Bayliss et al. (12). The erythrocyte transketolase assay, in which an activity coefficient based on a TPP stimulation of the basal level is given, continues to be a main functional indicator (9), but some problems have been e ...
Managing bone by calcium citrate malate
... The largest body of evidence on vitamin D status and bone health was in older adults with a lack of studies in premenopausal women and infants, children and adolescents. The quality of RCTs was highest in the vitamin D efficacy trials for prevention of falls and/or fractures in older adults. There w ...
... The largest body of evidence on vitamin D status and bone health was in older adults with a lack of studies in premenopausal women and infants, children and adolescents. The quality of RCTs was highest in the vitamin D efficacy trials for prevention of falls and/or fractures in older adults. There w ...
VTE Toolkit
... • Do NOT advise restriction of vitamin Kcontaining food – this is associated with less stable INR values • Encourage foods high in vitamin K (broccoli, spinach, brussel sprouts) • “Let me know if you plan a major change in your usual diet” ...
... • Do NOT advise restriction of vitamin Kcontaining food – this is associated with less stable INR values • Encourage foods high in vitamin K (broccoli, spinach, brussel sprouts) • “Let me know if you plan a major change in your usual diet” ...
P2484 Mineral and Vitamin Nutrition for Beef Cattle
... Less severe sulfur deficiencies can reduce feed intake, digestibility, rumen microorganism numbers, and microbial protein synthesis. Lactate accumulation in the rumen and blood can then develop with disruption of rumen microbe populations. Sulfur in feedstuffs is found largely as a component of prot ...
... Less severe sulfur deficiencies can reduce feed intake, digestibility, rumen microorganism numbers, and microbial protein synthesis. Lactate accumulation in the rumen and blood can then develop with disruption of rumen microbe populations. Sulfur in feedstuffs is found largely as a component of prot ...
Using Plant Foods Rich in β-Carotene to Combat
... 1 week before ingestion of the Golden Rice dose. Blood samples were collected over 36 days. The study results showed that the conversion factor of Golden Rice β-carotene to retinol is 3.6 to 1 with a range of 1.9–6.4 to 1 by wt. Therefore, Golden Rice β-carotene is effectively converted to vitamin A ...
... 1 week before ingestion of the Golden Rice dose. Blood samples were collected over 36 days. The study results showed that the conversion factor of Golden Rice β-carotene to retinol is 3.6 to 1 with a range of 1.9–6.4 to 1 by wt. Therefore, Golden Rice β-carotene is effectively converted to vitamin A ...
Nutriceuticals: Over-the-Counter Products and Osteoporosis
... intake recommendations and is unlikely to have a negative impact. Therefore, individuals should consume as much calcium as possible from foods. Supplements should be used only to bring all-source intake to recommended levels of 1000-1200 mg/day. In general, more calcium than the recommended amount w ...
... intake recommendations and is unlikely to have a negative impact. Therefore, individuals should consume as much calcium as possible from foods. Supplements should be used only to bring all-source intake to recommended levels of 1000-1200 mg/day. In general, more calcium than the recommended amount w ...
chemical structure and properties
... Liver hyroxylates the 25 carbon in the side chain to produce 25-OH Vitamin D 1) Major circulating form of Vitamin D 2) Conversion to 25-OHD3 takes place in the microsomes and the mitochondria of the liver Intestine and kidney also produce small amounts of 25-OHD3 25-OHD3 is transported to the kidney ...
... Liver hyroxylates the 25 carbon in the side chain to produce 25-OH Vitamin D 1) Major circulating form of Vitamin D 2) Conversion to 25-OHD3 takes place in the microsomes and the mitochondria of the liver Intestine and kidney also produce small amounts of 25-OHD3 25-OHD3 is transported to the kidney ...
IJEB 48(4) 373-377
... was found to be 0.41 arbitrary units/mg protein18. However, administration of vitamin A (40,000 and 50,000 IU), L-ascorbic acid (500 and 1,000 mg) and vitamin E succinate (200–500 mg) reduced the amount of azo-dye binding protein in liver (Fig. 2 to 4). Individual supplementation of high doses of vi ...
... was found to be 0.41 arbitrary units/mg protein18. However, administration of vitamin A (40,000 and 50,000 IU), L-ascorbic acid (500 and 1,000 mg) and vitamin E succinate (200–500 mg) reduced the amount of azo-dye binding protein in liver (Fig. 2 to 4). Individual supplementation of high doses of vi ...
Fundamentals of Nutrition
... of vegetarian diet with no animal foods – Symptoms: • Megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia (if intrinsic factor absent), anorexia, glossitis, sore mouth, tongue, pallor, depression, dizziness, and weight loss ...
... of vegetarian diet with no animal foods – Symptoms: • Megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia (if intrinsic factor absent), anorexia, glossitis, sore mouth, tongue, pallor, depression, dizziness, and weight loss ...
Vitamin D
Vitamin D refers to a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be ingested from the diet and from supplements. Very few foods contain vitamin D; synthesis of vitamin D (specifically cholecalciferol) in the skin is the major natural source of the vitamin. Dermal synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol is dependent on sun exposure (specifically UVB radiation).Vitamin D from the diet or dermal synthesis from sunlight is biologically inactive; activation requires enzymatic conversion (hydroxylation) in the liver and kidney. Evidence indicates the synthesis of vitamin D from sun exposure is regulated by a negative feedback loop that prevents toxicity, but because of uncertainty about the cancer risk from sunlight, no recommendations are issued by the Institute of Medicine (US), for the amount of sun exposure required to meet vitamin D requirements. Accordingly, the Dietary Reference Intake for vitamin D assumes no synthesis occurs and all of a person's vitamin D is from food intake, although that will rarely occur in practice. As vitamin D is synthesized in adequate amounts by most mammals exposed to sunlight, it is not strictly a vitamin, and may be considered a hormone as its synthesis and activity occur in different locations. Vitamin D has a significant role in calcium homeostasis and metabolism. Its discovery was due to effort to find the dietary substance lacking in rickets (the childhood form of osteomalacia).Beyond its use to prevent osteomalacia or rickets, the evidence for other health effects of vitamin D supplementation in the general population is inconsistent. The best evidence of benefit is for bone health. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mortality is not clear, with one meta-analysis finding a decrease in mortality in elderly people, and another concluding no clear justification exists for recommending vitamin D. Because it found mounting evidence for a benefit to bone health, though it had not found good evidence of other benefits, the Food and Drug Administration of the United States has proposed requiring manufacturers to declare the amount of Vitamin D on nutrition facts labels, as ""nutrients of public health significance"". As of August 2015, this is currently still open for public comment.In the liver, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is converted to calcidiol, which is also known as calcifediol (INN), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (aka 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 — abbreviated 25(OH)D3). Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) is converted in the liver to 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (aka 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 — abbreviated 25(OH)D2). These two specific vitamin D metabolites are measured in serum to determine a person's vitamin D status. Part of the calcidiol is converted by the kidneys to calcitriol, the biologically active form of vitamin D. Calcitriol circulates as a hormone in the blood, regulating the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promoting the healthy growth and remodeling of bone. Calcitriol also affects neuromuscular and immune function.