Working Paper No 4 Kyoto Protocol Dilemma: Better to have a weak
... Kyoto Protocol (Barrett 2003, Hagem & Holtsmark 2001, and Holtsmark 2003). A pessimistic expression is like this: “even if Kyoto enters into force, victory for the treaty can not be declared. Like all other countries, Russia has nothing to lose by ratifying, given its hot air” (Barrett 2003: 373). A ...
... Kyoto Protocol (Barrett 2003, Hagem & Holtsmark 2001, and Holtsmark 2003). A pessimistic expression is like this: “even if Kyoto enters into force, victory for the treaty can not be declared. Like all other countries, Russia has nothing to lose by ratifying, given its hot air” (Barrett 2003: 373). A ...
Sposito et al. 2012. Austr Decision
... studies. There are nevertheless important limitations on our ability to accurately and precisely predict future climate conditions (or, more generally, future behaviour of any complex system). These include widening uncertainties (a ‘cascade’ or ‘explosion’ of uncertainty), lack of objective constra ...
... studies. There are nevertheless important limitations on our ability to accurately and precisely predict future climate conditions (or, more generally, future behaviour of any complex system). These include widening uncertainties (a ‘cascade’ or ‘explosion’ of uncertainty), lack of objective constra ...
UK Climate Projections science report: Marine and coastal projections
... Panel, and secondly by a smaller international panel of experts. Reviewers’ comments have been taken into account in improving the reports. The science is not yet at a point where the same type of approach can be reliably applied to models of the marine environment so the majority of this report pre ...
... Panel, and secondly by a smaller international panel of experts. Reviewers’ comments have been taken into account in improving the reports. The science is not yet at a point where the same type of approach can be reliably applied to models of the marine environment so the majority of this report pre ...
Beyond long-term averages: making biological sense of a rapidly
... accurately capture limits under future, novel climatic conditions [24,25]. An explicit focus on the weather patterns likely to occur under future climate scenarios [26] coupled with knowledge of which factors most affect organisms [14] will provide insights into this dilemma. For example, many studi ...
... accurately capture limits under future, novel climatic conditions [24,25]. An explicit focus on the weather patterns likely to occur under future climate scenarios [26] coupled with knowledge of which factors most affect organisms [14] will provide insights into this dilemma. For example, many studi ...
Global Warming and Climate Change - Have You Been Presented The Full Story?
... Climate Variability and Change (USNA) - in which we were involved-did not attempt to provide regional or even national predictions of climate change.” Later in the letter in Nature, they conclude with, “We strongly agree that much more reliable regional climate simulations and analyses are needed. H ...
... Climate Variability and Change (USNA) - in which we were involved-did not attempt to provide regional or even national predictions of climate change.” Later in the letter in Nature, they conclude with, “We strongly agree that much more reliable regional climate simulations and analyses are needed. H ...
Global Warming`s Increasingly Visible Impacts
... undisputed that the average temperature at the surface of the Earth has increased over the past century by about 1°F (0.6°C), with both the air and the oceans warming.1 Since 1880, when people in many locations first began to keep temperature records, the 25 warmest years have all occurred within th ...
... undisputed that the average temperature at the surface of the Earth has increased over the past century by about 1°F (0.6°C), with both the air and the oceans warming.1 Since 1880, when people in many locations first began to keep temperature records, the 25 warmest years have all occurred within th ...
The 4 ‘I’s of Adaptation
... an important tool for mainstreaming adaptation. If they are to be successful, they must be informed by examples of how households and communities approach vulnerability and their adaptation strategies.14 A suggested first step is to examine ongoing projects in the fields of natural resources managem ...
... an important tool for mainstreaming adaptation. If they are to be successful, they must be informed by examples of how households and communities approach vulnerability and their adaptation strategies.14 A suggested first step is to examine ongoing projects in the fields of natural resources managem ...
Climate Change and Human Security
... These linkages are complex in many ways. To begin with, climate change involves the interactions of many systems such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere that are immensely complex in their own right. Thus, a recurrent theme in IPCC reports is the significance of thresholds and ...
... These linkages are complex in many ways. To begin with, climate change involves the interactions of many systems such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere that are immensely complex in their own right. Thus, a recurrent theme in IPCC reports is the significance of thresholds and ...
The challenge to detect and attribute effects of climate change on
... compared. When it comes to the impacts of climate change, interpreting baseline detection of change becomes a very complex matter, due to the multiple changes in the global environment, including human society itself (e.g. Bouwer 2011). Many human systems (e.g. the economy) and natural systems (e.g. ...
... compared. When it comes to the impacts of climate change, interpreting baseline detection of change becomes a very complex matter, due to the multiple changes in the global environment, including human society itself (e.g. Bouwer 2011). Many human systems (e.g. the economy) and natural systems (e.g. ...
6. Atolls in the ocean— canaries in the mine?
... Australian journalism contesting climate change impacts in the Pacific Abstract: This article has two complementary aspects, empirical and theoretical. Empirically, it examines the reportage of the two most prolific Australian journalists on the threat posed by climate change to low-lying Pacific is ...
... Australian journalism contesting climate change impacts in the Pacific Abstract: This article has two complementary aspects, empirical and theoretical. Empirically, it examines the reportage of the two most prolific Australian journalists on the threat posed by climate change to low-lying Pacific is ...
What shapes perceptions of climate change?
... climate change mitigation measures. This includes utilities and other companies in the energy and transportation sector, reinsurance companies, and governments at different levels. Average citizens are typically more concerned about the weather, rather than the climate in their region.13 However, cl ...
... climate change mitigation measures. This includes utilities and other companies in the energy and transportation sector, reinsurance companies, and governments at different levels. Average citizens are typically more concerned about the weather, rather than the climate in their region.13 However, cl ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – native species
... climate suitability for the species that ranges from 0 to 1 (1 being the most suitable). ...
... climate suitability for the species that ranges from 0 to 1 (1 being the most suitable). ...
Federated States of Micronesia - Pacific Climate Change Science
... Pacific Ocean and affects weather around the world. There are two extreme phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation: El Niño and La Niña. There is also a neutral phase. In Pohnpei, El Niño tends to result in drier conditions during the dry season, but higher than average rainfall during the wet sea ...
... Pacific Ocean and affects weather around the world. There are two extreme phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation: El Niño and La Niña. There is also a neutral phase. In Pohnpei, El Niño tends to result in drier conditions during the dry season, but higher than average rainfall during the wet sea ...
Appealed to ITU and its Administrations to ensure the absolute
... thunderstorms, the effluent from volcanoes, major forest fires, measuring sea level (see Figure 2), many Earth’s surface parameters (for example: soil moisture, sea surface temperature, snow cover, rainfall, water vapour content, important gases), etc.; radio-based meteorological aid systems that co ...
... thunderstorms, the effluent from volcanoes, major forest fires, measuring sea level (see Figure 2), many Earth’s surface parameters (for example: soil moisture, sea surface temperature, snow cover, rainfall, water vapour content, important gases), etc.; radio-based meteorological aid systems that co ...
Durham Research Online
... such judgments out of reach: many of the methodological choices will have been made by other scientists, over the (perhaps decades-long) history of the model’s development; the impact of a given choice on the model’s results often will be sensitive to earlier and later choices; the interactions amon ...
... such judgments out of reach: many of the methodological choices will have been made by other scientists, over the (perhaps decades-long) history of the model’s development; the impact of a given choice on the model’s results often will be sensitive to earlier and later choices; the interactions amon ...
The Changing Himalayas
... ies on the Tibetan Plateau) show that both wet and disappear altogether. Various attempts to model dry periods have occurred in the last millennium changes in the ice cover and discharge of glacial melt (Tan et al., 2008, Yao et al., 2008). During the last few decades, inter-seasonal, interannual, a ...
... ies on the Tibetan Plateau) show that both wet and disappear altogether. Various attempts to model dry periods have occurred in the last millennium changes in the ice cover and discharge of glacial melt (Tan et al., 2008, Yao et al., 2008). During the last few decades, inter-seasonal, interannual, a ...
1 - QUBES hub
... Climate change as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is clear in both climatological and biological data. Global temperatures have increased by 0.74°C ± 0.18°C over the past 100 years (1906-2005), although some regions experience locally greater warming (IPCC 2007). Along with ...
... Climate change as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is clear in both climatological and biological data. Global temperatures have increased by 0.74°C ± 0.18°C over the past 100 years (1906-2005), although some regions experience locally greater warming (IPCC 2007). Along with ...