This paper offers a unifying conceptual framework for examining the
... effort was made to trace out the implications of this physical impact for the livelihood and social position of the affected people. As Skoufias (2012, p. 2) put it, “while the eyes of the world have been riveted on polar bears, Antarctic penguins, and other endangered inhabitants of the Earth’s shr ...
... effort was made to trace out the implications of this physical impact for the livelihood and social position of the affected people. As Skoufias (2012, p. 2) put it, “while the eyes of the world have been riveted on polar bears, Antarctic penguins, and other endangered inhabitants of the Earth’s shr ...
Ethics and Geoengineering: Reviewing the Moral Issues Raised by
... leaves carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, ensuring that the problem of ocean acidification will continue. This preference for CDR has been questioned by those with concerns about the ecological impact of large-scale CDR technologies.11 Proponents of stratospheric aerosols have also pointed out that, ...
... leaves carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, ensuring that the problem of ocean acidification will continue. This preference for CDR has been questioned by those with concerns about the ecological impact of large-scale CDR technologies.11 Proponents of stratospheric aerosols have also pointed out that, ...
Joint Parliamentary meeting on Climate change and climate change
... on the Bali roadmap with a view to adopting a new climate change agreement by 2009, in accordance with the EU's 2°C objective, V. whereas the leading industrial nations expressed their support at the recent G8 summit in Hokkaido Toyako (Japan) for halving CO2 emissions by 2050, and wish to pursue th ...
... on the Bali roadmap with a view to adopting a new climate change agreement by 2009, in accordance with the EU's 2°C objective, V. whereas the leading industrial nations expressed their support at the recent G8 summit in Hokkaido Toyako (Japan) for halving CO2 emissions by 2050, and wish to pursue th ...
global temperature trends
... difference is probably caused by errors in the model radiative forcing5,12,14–16 or in the model response to radiative forcing5,14,17,18. The relative magnitudes of these three contributions are poorly known. Here we quantify how forcing, feedback and internal climate variability contribute to sprea ...
... difference is probably caused by errors in the model radiative forcing5,12,14–16 or in the model response to radiative forcing5,14,17,18. The relative magnitudes of these three contributions are poorly known. Here we quantify how forcing, feedback and internal climate variability contribute to sprea ...
the impacts of global climate change on grassland ecosystems
... initially through enhanced growth but also possibly via increased tissue turnover or root exudation. The fate of this extra carbon entering the below-ground compartment is still unclear. It may be incorporated by soil organisms including bacteria and fungi, accumulated in soil organic matter, or rel ...
... initially through enhanced growth but also possibly via increased tissue turnover or root exudation. The fate of this extra carbon entering the below-ground compartment is still unclear. It may be incorporated by soil organisms including bacteria and fungi, accumulated in soil organic matter, or rel ...
Climate Change and Internal Displacement
... I. INTRODUCTION Over the past five years, an average of nearly 27 million people have been displaced annually by natural hazard-related disasters.1 It has long been recognized that the effects of climate change will displace people and that most of this displacement will be within national borders. ...
... I. INTRODUCTION Over the past five years, an average of nearly 27 million people have been displaced annually by natural hazard-related disasters.1 It has long been recognized that the effects of climate change will displace people and that most of this displacement will be within national borders. ...
On multiple solutions of the atmosphere–vegetation system in
... Global perspective of biome patterns The iteration series of the areal coverage of biome groups are analysed for positive or negative trends. It is found that there is no significant trend (at a significance level of 95%) over the last 7 iterations in Exp1. In Exp2 and Exp4, the series of the last 4 ...
... Global perspective of biome patterns The iteration series of the areal coverage of biome groups are analysed for positive or negative trends. It is found that there is no significant trend (at a significance level of 95%) over the last 7 iterations in Exp1. In Exp2 and Exp4, the series of the last 4 ...
View PDF - Hofstra Law
... our two major parties, in environmental organizations, and in the conservative movement over the past two decades. Fourth, I then examine the social bases of public support for four federal policy proposals to mitigate climate change, specifically analyzing how knowledge and concern affect support f ...
... our two major parties, in environmental organizations, and in the conservative movement over the past two decades. Fourth, I then examine the social bases of public support for four federal policy proposals to mitigate climate change, specifically analyzing how knowledge and concern affect support f ...
On the persistent spread in snow-albedo feedback
... To constrain Das =DT s in the CMIP3 models (and hence their SAF, since this is the term in which the feedback spread is concentrated), Hall and Qu (2006) examined seasonal variations of NH continental surface albedo associated with the springtime warming. Their premise is that SAF would behave sim ...
... To constrain Das =DT s in the CMIP3 models (and hence their SAF, since this is the term in which the feedback spread is concentrated), Hall and Qu (2006) examined seasonal variations of NH continental surface albedo associated with the springtime warming. Their premise is that SAF would behave sim ...
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Scaling the IPCC’s midrange computer models with observed climate changes yields a warming of approximately 2.9°F. The global average temperature since 1900 has risen about 1.4°F. The U.S temperature rose by 1.2°F in the same period. The rise in US t ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Scaling the IPCC’s midrange computer models with observed climate changes yields a warming of approximately 2.9°F. The global average temperature since 1900 has risen about 1.4°F. The U.S temperature rose by 1.2°F in the same period. The rise in US t ...
Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment Framework (PCCFAF)
... Forum Leaders have directed the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) to assist in improving Forum Island Countries’ (FICs) access to and management of climate change resources. The assessment framework presented in this report is part of several initiatives being coordinated and/or supported by ...
... Forum Leaders have directed the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) to assist in improving Forum Island Countries’ (FICs) access to and management of climate change resources. The assessment framework presented in this report is part of several initiatives being coordinated and/or supported by ...
Small Island States
... social and economic needs of their populations in a manner that is sustainable. At the same time, they are forced to implement appropriate strategies to adapt to increasing threats resulting from greenhouse gas forcing of the climate system, to which they contribute little. Sea-level rise. Although ...
... social and economic needs of their populations in a manner that is sustainable. At the same time, they are forced to implement appropriate strategies to adapt to increasing threats resulting from greenhouse gas forcing of the climate system, to which they contribute little. Sea-level rise. Although ...
... trigger outcomes that will threaten U.S. security. These assessments have had to rely on projections of climate change tuned to identify impacts over roughly a one-century time frame. This time frame is driven by the nature of the questions that dominated the initial literature (e.g., what impacts c ...
Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to
... is wide-ranging and cannot be fully covered by national studies that are usually not based on comparable methodologies. Without a thorough understanding of the regional differences it is difficult to foresee necessary changes in the agricultural policies at EU or national scales. The objective of th ...
... is wide-ranging and cannot be fully covered by national studies that are usually not based on comparable methodologies. Without a thorough understanding of the regional differences it is difficult to foresee necessary changes in the agricultural policies at EU or national scales. The objective of th ...
Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change
... warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature (since 1850).” (IPCC, 2007) The IPCC expects that warming in the 21st century will be greatest over land, and at most, in the higher northern latitudes. It further suggests that it is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves and ...
... warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature (since 1850).” (IPCC, 2007) The IPCC expects that warming in the 21st century will be greatest over land, and at most, in the higher northern latitudes. It further suggests that it is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves and ...
Article - Biogeosciences
... carbon fluxes. We investigated to what extent and at which temporal scales, climatic variability and changes in ecosystem functional properties determined the IAV of the carbon balance. Empirical models were used as tools to estimate the seasonal and interannual variation of the ecosystem functional ...
... carbon fluxes. We investigated to what extent and at which temporal scales, climatic variability and changes in ecosystem functional properties determined the IAV of the carbon balance. Empirical models were used as tools to estimate the seasonal and interannual variation of the ecosystem functional ...
Nitrogen Flows in Agricultural Systems: A Modeling Perspective
... dioxide and temperature records, greater since that point than it was before. Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the modern atmosphere are highly anomalous with respect to natural greenhouse-gas variations (present-day concentrations are around 380 p.p.m. for carbon dioxide and 1,800 p.p.b. for m ...
... dioxide and temperature records, greater since that point than it was before. Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the modern atmosphere are highly anomalous with respect to natural greenhouse-gas variations (present-day concentrations are around 380 p.p.m. for carbon dioxide and 1,800 p.p.b. for m ...
Chapter 4
... initiating the treaty-making process or for negotiating a treaty. . . . [Nonetheless,] four basic steps are inherent in the conclusion of any international agreement: 1) identification of needs and goals; 2) negotiation; 3) adoption and signature; and 4) ratification. Even after these steps are comp ...
... initiating the treaty-making process or for negotiating a treaty. . . . [Nonetheless,] four basic steps are inherent in the conclusion of any international agreement: 1) identification of needs and goals; 2) negotiation; 3) adoption and signature; and 4) ratification. Even after these steps are comp ...
Climate Extremes: Recent Trends with Implications for National Security
... trigger outcomes that will threaten U.S. security. These assessments have had to rely on projections of climate change tuned to identify impacts over roughly a one-century time frame. This time frame is driven by the nature of the questions that dominated the initial literature (e.g., what impacts c ...
... trigger outcomes that will threaten U.S. security. These assessments have had to rely on projections of climate change tuned to identify impacts over roughly a one-century time frame. This time frame is driven by the nature of the questions that dominated the initial literature (e.g., what impacts c ...
S TAT E O F T H E WO R... Into a Warming World 2 0
... farmers in Kenya, but the risks are not distributed evenly. This reflects profound global inequalities: the countries that have profited from high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the ones that will be least affected by climate change, while countries that have made only minimal contribu ...
... farmers in Kenya, but the risks are not distributed evenly. This reflects profound global inequalities: the countries that have profited from high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the ones that will be least affected by climate change, while countries that have made only minimal contribu ...
Anthropogenic Global Warming? Beyond CO2
... given by the IPCC consensus. • The influence of GHG’s, especially CO2, is overstated, the natural variability (of the sun) is understated. • Climate models are still unreliable and should not be trusted as a political decision aid. • Climate and energy are separate problems: climate change scares sh ...
... given by the IPCC consensus. • The influence of GHG’s, especially CO2, is overstated, the natural variability (of the sun) is understated. • Climate models are still unreliable and should not be trusted as a political decision aid. • Climate and energy are separate problems: climate change scares sh ...
In Defense of Emissions Egalitarianism?
... directly to the more controversial (P3). Critique of (P3) can be mapped onto the distinction between Holism/Atomism on the one hand and Integrationism/Isolationism on the other hand that were recently introduced by Caney. In a nutshell, the holism-atomism-distinction refers to whether the distributi ...
... directly to the more controversial (P3). Critique of (P3) can be mapped onto the distinction between Holism/Atomism on the one hand and Integrationism/Isolationism on the other hand that were recently introduced by Caney. In a nutshell, the holism-atomism-distinction refers to whether the distributi ...
2. Scope of a possible GMES Climate Change Contribution
... adaptation assessments needs); a short summary of the current GMES services and possible gaps and finally a summary of main data needs and gaps from an environmental perspective. Key EU environmental policies International negotiations are under way to conclude a global agreement at the UN climate c ...
... adaptation assessments needs); a short summary of the current GMES services and possible gaps and finally a summary of main data needs and gaps from an environmental perspective. Key EU environmental policies International negotiations are under way to conclude a global agreement at the UN climate c ...
Assessing knowledge of social representations of climate change
... The importance of tourism in the world economy, and the undeniable links which exist between tourism and atmospheric elements, suggest that climate change should be considered in all its aspects [3]. Accordingly, it is worth noting that weather and climate are important elements of many of the touri ...
... The importance of tourism in the world economy, and the undeniable links which exist between tourism and atmospheric elements, suggest that climate change should be considered in all its aspects [3]. Accordingly, it is worth noting that weather and climate are important elements of many of the touri ...
Chapter 14 Environmental Hazards and Human Health
... Chapter 15 Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone Depletion ...
... Chapter 15 Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone Depletion ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.