The Relationship between Land–Ocean Surface Temperature
... more rapidly than SSTs. We know that this does not happen, however, as LST and SST anomalies stay quite close to a constant ratio: there is only a small rapid adjustment in LST. If we assume for now that land and ocean temperatures are merely a function of heat stored (this may not be the case for a ...
... more rapidly than SSTs. We know that this does not happen, however, as LST and SST anomalies stay quite close to a constant ratio: there is only a small rapid adjustment in LST. If we assume for now that land and ocean temperatures are merely a function of heat stored (this may not be the case for a ...
Israel`s report to the UNFCCC on climate change, 2000
... ecosystem structure and function may adversely affect the quality of their services. However, the vulnerability of the different species is difficult to evaluate, and the role of the different species in the provision of ecosystem services is not known. Therefore it is impossible to assess neither w ...
... ecosystem structure and function may adversely affect the quality of their services. However, the vulnerability of the different species is difficult to evaluate, and the role of the different species in the provision of ecosystem services is not known. Therefore it is impossible to assess neither w ...
Title
... Yet, individuals and economic sectors have already dealt with the weather for ages and have developed knowledge and behavioural responses with respect to weather extremes. 13 March 2012 | Arthur Petersen ...
... Yet, individuals and economic sectors have already dealt with the weather for ages and have developed knowledge and behavioural responses with respect to weather extremes. 13 March 2012 | Arthur Petersen ...
PDF
... In the analysis of historical simulations in Part I and Part II, the base periods were often determined by the availability of the observational data to assess the models, which were application specific. Further, we assess projected changes in phenomena that have different time scales that range fr ...
... In the analysis of historical simulations in Part I and Part II, the base periods were often determined by the availability of the observational data to assess the models, which were application specific. Further, we assess projected changes in phenomena that have different time scales that range fr ...
IPCC 5-2014 WG-2 Summary.pdf
... Climate change: Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to ...
... Climate change: Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to ...
Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible
... Changes in local tropospheric ozone affect Arctic climate by altering local radiation fluxes, while changes in both local and distant ozone amounts can modulate the transport of heat to the polar region (Shindell, 2007). The lifetime of ozone decreases during the summer in the extratropics since pho ...
... Changes in local tropospheric ozone affect Arctic climate by altering local radiation fluxes, while changes in both local and distant ozone amounts can modulate the transport of heat to the polar region (Shindell, 2007). The lifetime of ozone decreases during the summer in the extratropics since pho ...
Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability
... Climate change: Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to ...
... Climate change: Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to ...
CESifo Working Paper 3959
... Ecosystems: Climate change may occur too rapidly for certain species to adapt to this change, threatening these species with extinction. In addition, climate change may cause changes in the behaviour of species that, in turn, may affect the well-being of mankind. Adaptation measures include a genera ...
... Ecosystems: Climate change may occur too rapidly for certain species to adapt to this change, threatening these species with extinction. In addition, climate change may cause changes in the behaviour of species that, in turn, may affect the well-being of mankind. Adaptation measures include a genera ...
Inclusion of ecologically based trait variation in plant functional types
... inclusion of adaptive responses of vegetation communities to the environment has been suggested to hamper the ability of modeled vegetation to adequately respond to environmental change. In this study, variation in functional responses of vegetation has been added to an earth system model (ESM) base ...
... inclusion of adaptive responses of vegetation communities to the environment has been suggested to hamper the ability of modeled vegetation to adequately respond to environmental change. In this study, variation in functional responses of vegetation has been added to an earth system model (ESM) base ...
PDF
... Given the clout agricultural producers have in Congress, the perceptions of this small but influential group may have a significant effect on the policy debate and on laws that are eventually enacted. There are no recurrent surveys of the agricultural sector’s perceptions of climate change in the Un ...
... Given the clout agricultural producers have in Congress, the perceptions of this small but influential group may have a significant effect on the policy debate and on laws that are eventually enacted. There are no recurrent surveys of the agricultural sector’s perceptions of climate change in the Un ...
publication (accessible PDF, 2.8 MB)
... need resilient ecosystems that continue to provide vital services for human beings. We can only combat the causes of biodiversity loss through joint efforts in areas such as sustainable management of agriculture, forests and fisheries. What specific initiatives and projects did you launch after the ...
... need resilient ecosystems that continue to provide vital services for human beings. We can only combat the causes of biodiversity loss through joint efforts in areas such as sustainable management of agriculture, forests and fisheries. What specific initiatives and projects did you launch after the ...
Regional Climate Change Curriculum Development ToT Report
... At the end of the training most team members uploaded their refined materials to Google Drive, though in most cases it was not possible to finish all refinement during the week of the training. Some team members continue to work on their materials and will provide them to U.S. co-lead Michael Furnis ...
... At the end of the training most team members uploaded their refined materials to Google Drive, though in most cases it was not possible to finish all refinement during the week of the training. Some team members continue to work on their materials and will provide them to U.S. co-lead Michael Furnis ...
Chapter 3: U.S. Legal Developments: Legislative, Executive, and
... The United States lacks comprehensive climate change legislation, but has statutes focused on research, monitoring, and reporting. None of these statutes directly focused on climate change require specific greenhouse gas emissions reductions or adaptation measures. But they have resulted in the Unit ...
... The United States lacks comprehensive climate change legislation, but has statutes focused on research, monitoring, and reporting. None of these statutes directly focused on climate change require specific greenhouse gas emissions reductions or adaptation measures. But they have resulted in the Unit ...
The Economic Climate: Establishing Expert Consensus on the
... Just over twenty years ago, William Nordhaus published the results of what is likely the most influential economic survey about the effects of climate change to date (Nordhaus, 1994). In the oftcited survey, Nordhaus interviewed 19 experts on climate change (10 economists, four other social scientis ...
... Just over twenty years ago, William Nordhaus published the results of what is likely the most influential economic survey about the effects of climate change to date (Nordhaus, 1994). In the oftcited survey, Nordhaus interviewed 19 experts on climate change (10 economists, four other social scientis ...
IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON COFFEE PRODUCTION
... agriculture sector which is an important activity in the developing world; as the sector is dominated by rain-fed crop production and households food security is particularly vulnerable to climate variability and change. According to Hulme (1996), rain fed agriculture is an important economic activi ...
... agriculture sector which is an important activity in the developing world; as the sector is dominated by rain-fed crop production and households food security is particularly vulnerable to climate variability and change. According to Hulme (1996), rain fed agriculture is an important economic activi ...
Climate Change and Public Health: MALARIA
... of the 36 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emitted by humans in 2013 alone. The rising levels of carbon dioxide that have been measured at M auna Toa since 1958 are undisputedly due to human combustion of fossil fuels. ...
... of the 36 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emitted by humans in 2013 alone. The rising levels of carbon dioxide that have been measured at M auna Toa since 1958 are undisputedly due to human combustion of fossil fuels. ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Ottawa
... adaptation strategies to expand its coping range. Risk assessment and management can be used to design adaptation strategies. The European Union adopted a goal of 2°C as a maximum average global temperature increase. Global CO2 emissions have surpassed the IPCC’s worst case scenario projection in 20 ...
... adaptation strategies to expand its coping range. Risk assessment and management can be used to design adaptation strategies. The European Union adopted a goal of 2°C as a maximum average global temperature increase. Global CO2 emissions have surpassed the IPCC’s worst case scenario projection in 20 ...
Argentina - Met Office
... cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particular country. Although time available for the project was short, generally all the material ava ...
... cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particular country. Although time available for the project was short, generally all the material ava ...
PDF
... On the one hand, cities have a good reason to take climate protection activities because they will be directly affected by the adverse effects of climate change. Urban infrastructure and services are vulnerable to climate change effects, such as changes in rain fall patterns and extreme weather even ...
... On the one hand, cities have a good reason to take climate protection activities because they will be directly affected by the adverse effects of climate change. Urban infrastructure and services are vulnerable to climate change effects, such as changes in rain fall patterns and extreme weather even ...
Department of Defense Natural Resources Program Fall 2015
... on diverse ecosystems and the wildlife that reside there. Explore this issue’s Natural Selections as we highlight several species that are feeling climate changes’ impacts. Photos courtesy of the US Department of th e Interior, visit www.doi.gov/climate to learn more about the Agency’s work on clima ...
... on diverse ecosystems and the wildlife that reside there. Explore this issue’s Natural Selections as we highlight several species that are feeling climate changes’ impacts. Photos courtesy of the US Department of th e Interior, visit www.doi.gov/climate to learn more about the Agency’s work on clima ...
Mid-21st century projections in temperature extremes in
... Following exactly the same method as for the NCEPforced runs, we also computed biases in Tmin and Tmax for the RCM experiments forced by different GCMs (Figs. 2b, 3b). We examine the influence of inherent biases in different RCMs, as found in Figs. 2a and 3a, on RCM projections when forced with diff ...
... Following exactly the same method as for the NCEPforced runs, we also computed biases in Tmin and Tmax for the RCM experiments forced by different GCMs (Figs. 2b, 3b). We examine the influence of inherent biases in different RCMs, as found in Figs. 2a and 3a, on RCM projections when forced with diff ...
Bradford, Mark A., et al. "Climate fails to predict wood decomposition
... importance of local-scale variation to ecological processes was acknowledged decades ago9 . When fine-scale variation is considered to predict species responses, for example, local factors are of equal or more importance than climate factors in determining phenomena such as species distributions6 . ...
... importance of local-scale variation to ecological processes was acknowledged decades ago9 . When fine-scale variation is considered to predict species responses, for example, local factors are of equal or more importance than climate factors in determining phenomena such as species distributions6 . ...
Progress in Physical Geography
... The karst terrain of China is concentrated in two regions: an area located in the semiarid climate zone in the northern part of China; and a humid climate zone in the southwestern part of China (Yuan et al., 1994; He et al., 1997). Karstification is highly influenced by precipitation and topography, ...
... The karst terrain of China is concentrated in two regions: an area located in the semiarid climate zone in the northern part of China; and a humid climate zone in the southwestern part of China (Yuan et al., 1994; He et al., 1997). Karstification is highly influenced by precipitation and topography, ...
Climate Change and Conflict in the Southern Philippines
... developing world. The social fracturing, migration and deprivation dynamics presented in the CNAS/CSIS Report represent, according to the authors, significant risks to the security of individuals, states and the international system. An apparent sign that the international governing community was re ...
... developing world. The social fracturing, migration and deprivation dynamics presented in the CNAS/CSIS Report represent, according to the authors, significant risks to the security of individuals, states and the international system. An apparent sign that the international governing community was re ...
American Evangelicals and Domestic Versus International Climate
... In the last decade, evangelical Christians have been a source of both hope and despair for climate activists in the United States. When the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) joined Rick Warren and other religious leaders to endorse the Evangelical Climate Initiative in 2007, there appeared ...
... In the last decade, evangelical Christians have been a source of both hope and despair for climate activists in the United States. When the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) joined Rick Warren and other religious leaders to endorse the Evangelical Climate Initiative in 2007, there appeared ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.