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Phasing Down the Use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
... Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are the fastest-growing type of GHG in much of the world, with emissions of HFCs increasing at a rate of 10–15% per year.1 HFCs were developed to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) – ozone-depleting substances that are being phased out u ...
... Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are the fastest-growing type of GHG in much of the world, with emissions of HFCs increasing at a rate of 10–15% per year.1 HFCs were developed to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) – ozone-depleting substances that are being phased out u ...
SoG for Climate Applications
... minimum of three months of data at the shortest-available recovery period (hourly or one minute data) should be logged on-site, and 12 months for a GCOS site. This reflects the fact that data loss is a serious problem for climate, and it may take some months to recover data from a remote site. This ...
... minimum of three months of data at the shortest-available recovery period (hourly or one minute data) should be logged on-site, and 12 months for a GCOS site. This reflects the fact that data loss is a serious problem for climate, and it may take some months to recover data from a remote site. This ...
Community Adaptation Plan Bluefields, Jamaica
... 2.1 What is climate change? ....................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 What causes climate change? ............................................................................................................... 15 2. ...
... 2.1 What is climate change? ....................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 What causes climate change? ............................................................................................................... 15 2. ...
The Recent Trend and Variance Increase of the
... squares fit, the parameter a is varied until a minimum is obtained in S i [ f r (v i ) 2 2 f (v i ) 2 ]. For determining the confidence levels, 78 degrees of freedom are used for each spectral estimate, where it has been assumed that there are approximately two degrees of freedom for each seasonal p ...
... squares fit, the parameter a is varied until a minimum is obtained in S i [ f r (v i ) 2 2 f (v i ) 2 ]. For determining the confidence levels, 78 degrees of freedom are used for each spectral estimate, where it has been assumed that there are approximately two degrees of freedom for each seasonal p ...
Climate Extremes: Challenges in Estimating
... The indices that are discussed in this section are generally derived from daily observations of individual meteorological variables, such as temperature or precipitation. Indices calculated from daily data have appeal for a number of reasons, including the fact that they are relatively easy to calcu ...
... The indices that are discussed in this section are generally derived from daily observations of individual meteorological variables, such as temperature or precipitation. Indices calculated from daily data have appeal for a number of reasons, including the fact that they are relatively easy to calcu ...
Climate Change in Northern New Hampshire
... body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities—including the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes ho ...
... body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities—including the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes ho ...
CHAPTER 2 OUR CHANGING CLIMATE Climate Change Impacts in the United States
... global warming of the past 50 years is primarily due to human activities. 2. Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond. The magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount of heat- trapping gases emitted globally, and ...
... global warming of the past 50 years is primarily due to human activities. 2. Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond. The magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount of heat- trapping gases emitted globally, and ...
- Adaptation Learning Mechanism
... In floods, the poor are usually displaced due to the temporary nature of their homes. They are also more susceptible to water borne diseases, since they rely on untreated water, which could get contaminated during floods. Adaptation measures for the poor have not been dealt with in Senegal, and will ...
... In floods, the poor are usually displaced due to the temporary nature of their homes. They are also more susceptible to water borne diseases, since they rely on untreated water, which could get contaminated during floods. Adaptation measures for the poor have not been dealt with in Senegal, and will ...
Northern New Hampshire
... body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities—including the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes ho ...
... body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities—including the burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, clearing of forested lands for agriculture, and raising livestock—are now the primary force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes ho ...
Gilbert N. Plass: Climate Science in Perspective
... spectrum reaches the surface of the Earth on a clear day with relatively little attenuation since the atmosphere is transparent to most frequencies in the visible. However, in order to have a warm climate, this heat energy must be held near the surface of the Earth and cannot be reradiated to space ...
... spectrum reaches the surface of the Earth on a clear day with relatively little attenuation since the atmosphere is transparent to most frequencies in the visible. However, in order to have a warm climate, this heat energy must be held near the surface of the Earth and cannot be reradiated to space ...
NRCan/CIP Projects and Initiatives on climate
... Sources of scientific data 1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A body of the United Nations, the IPCC provides decision-makers with an objective source of the latest scientific, technical and socio-economic information about climate change, and is generally considered the authority o ...
... Sources of scientific data 1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A body of the United Nations, the IPCC provides decision-makers with an objective source of the latest scientific, technical and socio-economic information about climate change, and is generally considered the authority o ...
Presents
... placed by data availability. • This inevitably leads to subjectivity in the choice of indicators, but that can be addressed by ensuring all decisions are grounded in the existing literature and ...
... placed by data availability. • This inevitably leads to subjectivity in the choice of indicators, but that can be addressed by ensuring all decisions are grounded in the existing literature and ...
Warming Impact—Disease - Open Evidence Archive
... Climate change is really happening now. The average global surface temperature has warmed by 0.8_C in the past century and 0.6_C in the past three decades (Hansen et al. 2006), in large part because of human activities (IPCC 2001). A recent report produced by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences co ...
... Climate change is really happening now. The average global surface temperature has warmed by 0.8_C in the past century and 0.6_C in the past three decades (Hansen et al. 2006), in large part because of human activities (IPCC 2001). A recent report produced by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences co ...
Ozone Depletion
... Scientists predict that ozone depletion will reach its worst point during the next few years and then gradually decline until the ozone layer returns to normal around 2050, assuming that the Montreal Protocol is fully implemented. The ozone layer is currently in its most vulnerable state. Despite de ...
... Scientists predict that ozone depletion will reach its worst point during the next few years and then gradually decline until the ozone layer returns to normal around 2050, assuming that the Montreal Protocol is fully implemented. The ozone layer is currently in its most vulnerable state. Despite de ...
Global environmental problems and politics
... Finance and the Social Sciences This is an extract from a subject guide for an undergraduate course offered as part of the University of London International Programmes in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences. Materials for these programmes are developed by academics at the London ...
... Finance and the Social Sciences This is an extract from a subject guide for an undergraduate course offered as part of the University of London International Programmes in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences. Materials for these programmes are developed by academics at the London ...
Using the UKCP09 probabilistic scenarios to model the amplified
... change. These range from soil erosion models, to landscape evolution models, to channel based models. Firstly, soil erosion models typically focus on erosive hill slope processes and models such as the WEPP soil erosion model (Laflen et al., 1997) have been applied to hillslopes and fields to derive ...
... change. These range from soil erosion models, to landscape evolution models, to channel based models. Firstly, soil erosion models typically focus on erosive hill slope processes and models such as the WEPP soil erosion model (Laflen et al., 1997) have been applied to hillslopes and fields to derive ...
Title Climate Change-4 - Pakistan Institute of Development Economics
... Agencies were created at the federal as well as at provincial level and Pakistan Environmental Protection Council was established in 1984 to act as a supreme body for formulation and implementation of the national environmental policy and programmes. Report of the World Commission on Environment and ...
... Agencies were created at the federal as well as at provincial level and Pakistan Environmental Protection Council was established in 1984 to act as a supreme body for formulation and implementation of the national environmental policy and programmes. Report of the World Commission on Environment and ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: South Korea
... interpreting model-based results, even where the models are in agreement. Projected change in the intensity of cyclones in the western Pacific basin are considered more robust than projected change in their frequency. A number of globaland regional-scale studies included here project that cyclone in ...
... interpreting model-based results, even where the models are in agreement. Projected change in the intensity of cyclones in the western Pacific basin are considered more robust than projected change in their frequency. A number of globaland regional-scale studies included here project that cyclone in ...
Climate of the Past
... data – i.e. climate proxy records – are further needed for validation of climate models, to assure that the models are able to reproduce the observed climate change. Reconstructions of past climate changes can be obtained by analyzing different types of proxy data from natural archives, like biologi ...
... data – i.e. climate proxy records – are further needed for validation of climate models, to assure that the models are able to reproduce the observed climate change. Reconstructions of past climate changes can be obtained by analyzing different types of proxy data from natural archives, like biologi ...
Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems: a global
... flow regimes. However, with one exception, transferable quantitative relations between flow alterations and ecological responses have not yet been derived. While discharge decreases are generally considered to be detrimental for ecosystems, the effect of future discharge increases is unclear. As a f ...
... flow regimes. However, with one exception, transferable quantitative relations between flow alterations and ecological responses have not yet been derived. While discharge decreases are generally considered to be detrimental for ecosystems, the effect of future discharge increases is unclear. As a f ...
Population, Climate Change, and Women`s Lives
... that CO2 concentrations reversed a natural downward trend and increased enough to raise global temperatures.2 (See Figure 1.) Three thousand years later, methane concentrations, too, suddenly turned upward after a long decline. The most logical explanation for this, Ruddiman argues, is the expansion ...
... that CO2 concentrations reversed a natural downward trend and increased enough to raise global temperatures.2 (See Figure 1.) Three thousand years later, methane concentrations, too, suddenly turned upward after a long decline. The most logical explanation for this, Ruddiman argues, is the expansion ...
English
... Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction have launched a new, global effort to transform the way the world does business. What is clear through the 2030 Agenda is that sustainable development and tackling climate change go hand-in-hand. We will not keep people from going hungry without protecting ...
... Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction have launched a new, global effort to transform the way the world does business. What is clear through the 2030 Agenda is that sustainable development and tackling climate change go hand-in-hand. We will not keep people from going hungry without protecting ...
Danish strategy for adaptation to a changing climate
... the form of drought, flooding, storm surges, hurricanes and rising sea levels due to melting glaciers. Responsible politicians must take account of this now at the start of the 21st century. It would be irresponsible to just cross our fingers and hope that things will be alright in our lifetimes. Th ...
... the form of drought, flooding, storm surges, hurricanes and rising sea levels due to melting glaciers. Responsible politicians must take account of this now at the start of the 21st century. It would be irresponsible to just cross our fingers and hope that things will be alright in our lifetimes. Th ...
Chapter 2 Current Legal Challenges in Climate Change Justice
... Human and Peoples’ Rights (and, if accepted by the state, before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights). At the international level, the principal treaties are overseen by ‘treaty bodies’, which are open to individual petition. Individuals may bring a complaint to the UN Human Rights Commit ...
... Human and Peoples’ Rights (and, if accepted by the state, before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights). At the international level, the principal treaties are overseen by ‘treaty bodies’, which are open to individual petition. Individuals may bring a complaint to the UN Human Rights Commit ...
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON
... The projected areal rainfall will increase by 0.34 mm per year for A1B which is averagely 1% less than the annual baseline period. Areal rainfall for A2 scenario will increase by 0.41 mm per year which is averagely 9% more than the baseline period. SWAT model was successfully calibrated and validate ...
... The projected areal rainfall will increase by 0.34 mm per year for A1B which is averagely 1% less than the annual baseline period. Areal rainfall for A2 scenario will increase by 0.41 mm per year which is averagely 9% more than the baseline period. SWAT model was successfully calibrated and validate ...
Fred Singer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S_Fred_Singer_2011.jpg?width=300)
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.