Annex 5: Changes to the Atlantic Ocean circulation (Gulf Stream)
... conclusion of Bryden et al. (2005), citing the recent warming seen in the North Atlantic as indication of a stronger MOC during the 1990s (e.g. Latif et al. 2006; Knight et al. 2005), although this indirect observational method is based on links identified in climate models rather than directly from ...
... conclusion of Bryden et al. (2005), citing the recent warming seen in the North Atlantic as indication of a stronger MOC during the 1990s (e.g. Latif et al. 2006; Knight et al. 2005), although this indirect observational method is based on links identified in climate models rather than directly from ...
The Perspectives of Climate Scientists on Global Climate Change
... must be carefully weighed. Science does not advance through “consensus,” but rather by scientists repeatedly testing current hypotheses and proposing new ones. In the case of global warming, much of the science is so new that more is unknown than known. Nevertheless, scientists bring expertise to th ...
... must be carefully weighed. Science does not advance through “consensus,” but rather by scientists repeatedly testing current hypotheses and proposing new ones. In the case of global warming, much of the science is so new that more is unknown than known. Nevertheless, scientists bring expertise to th ...
1.2 Climate Change and the Water Cycle
... 100 years (IPCC, 2007); see Fig. 1.2.1. Other external forcing of the climate system like solar activity and volcanism or internal mechanisms of the climate system like El Niño and other have predominantly produced fluctuations around this longterm trend. However, such as this trend is not uniform i ...
... 100 years (IPCC, 2007); see Fig. 1.2.1. Other external forcing of the climate system like solar activity and volcanism or internal mechanisms of the climate system like El Niño and other have predominantly produced fluctuations around this longterm trend. However, such as this trend is not uniform i ...
climate change in the american mind
... proportion of people that believe global warming is happening and a slight decrease in the proportion that believe it is caused by mostly by human activities. There has also been a slight decrease in the proportion of people who believe that most scientists think global warming is happening; this de ...
... proportion of people that believe global warming is happening and a slight decrease in the proportion that believe it is caused by mostly by human activities. There has also been a slight decrease in the proportion of people who believe that most scientists think global warming is happening; this de ...
A trait-based approach to assess climate change sensitivity of
... subject to large biodiversity losses. We developed a Climate Change Sensitivity (CCS) indicator based on trait information for a selection of stream- and lake-dwelling Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa. We calculated the CCS scores based on ten species traits identified as sensitive to ...
... subject to large biodiversity losses. We developed a Climate Change Sensitivity (CCS) indicator based on trait information for a selection of stream- and lake-dwelling Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa. We calculated the CCS scores based on ten species traits identified as sensitive to ...
Challenges of a Sustained Climate Observing System
... The first rule o f management is often stated to be “you can’t manage what you can’t measure” . Indeed, Earth is observed more completely today than at any other time. Multiple observations are made from space in many different wavelengths via passive and active sensors that provide information on m ...
... The first rule o f management is often stated to be “you can’t manage what you can’t measure” . Indeed, Earth is observed more completely today than at any other time. Multiple observations are made from space in many different wavelengths via passive and active sensors that provide information on m ...
PDF File - Patrick Gonzalez
... Likelihood is the probability of an outcome having occurred or occurring in the future (Schneider et al., 2007). We estimated likelihoods of observed changes of 20th-century climate from probability density functions of 102 years of observation data. Confidence is the subjective assessment that any ...
... Likelihood is the probability of an outcome having occurred or occurring in the future (Schneider et al., 2007). We estimated likelihoods of observed changes of 20th-century climate from probability density functions of 102 years of observation data. Confidence is the subjective assessment that any ...
PowerPoint presentation (PPT file)
... Nowak K. 2013. Mangrove and peat swamp forests: refuge habitats for primates and felids. Folia ...
... Nowak K. 2013. Mangrove and peat swamp forests: refuge habitats for primates and felids. Folia ...
The American Environmental Values Survey: American Views on the
... Macy, R. & Doherty, T. (2010). An annotated guide to graduate education in environmentally-focused psychology and therapy in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Ecopsychology, 2(4), 239-246. Maibach, E., Roser-Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2009, May 20). Global Warming’s Six Americas 2009: An Au ...
... Macy, R. & Doherty, T. (2010). An annotated guide to graduate education in environmentally-focused psychology and therapy in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Ecopsychology, 2(4), 239-246. Maibach, E., Roser-Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2009, May 20). Global Warming’s Six Americas 2009: An Au ...
Responding to Threats of Climate Change Mega
... greenhouse gases (GHGs) accumulate in the atmosphere. There is not only uncertainty about their likelihood of occurrence, but also “ignorance” about specific consequences (Zeckhauser 1991). The primary type of climate change mega-catastrophe that has been considered in the literature is that of th ...
... greenhouse gases (GHGs) accumulate in the atmosphere. There is not only uncertainty about their likelihood of occurrence, but also “ignorance” about specific consequences (Zeckhauser 1991). The primary type of climate change mega-catastrophe that has been considered in the literature is that of th ...
Adapting to climate change: A perspective from evolutionary
... Adaptation · Selection Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
... Adaptation · Selection Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
Canada`s Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate – Chapter 1
... provides examples of climate-related risks and opportunities for sectors of importance to Canada’s coasts, as identified in previous national-scale assessments in Canada. Comparatively little is known about the economic costs associated with a changing climate along Canada’s marine coasts. A nationa ...
... provides examples of climate-related risks and opportunities for sectors of importance to Canada’s coasts, as identified in previous national-scale assessments in Canada. Comparatively little is known about the economic costs associated with a changing climate along Canada’s marine coasts. A nationa ...
Globally, we are using 1.4 Earths` worth of biocapacity
... 365, we find the number of days of demand that the biosphere could supply, and the number of days we operate in overshoot this year. This ratio shows that in just 287 days, we demand the biosphere’s entire capacity for the year 2008. The 287th day of the year is September 23. Note: 2008 Ecological D ...
... 365, we find the number of days of demand that the biosphere could supply, and the number of days we operate in overshoot this year. This ratio shows that in just 287 days, we demand the biosphere’s entire capacity for the year 2008. The 287th day of the year is September 23. Note: 2008 Ecological D ...
The atmospheric water cycle How will it change in a
... Why is the global precipitation not increasing in spite of a warming temperature trend? Is this an observational problem or is it because global precipitation is not directly driven by temperature? There are indications from some regions that precipitation is indeed increasing. Is this an artefact b ...
... Why is the global precipitation not increasing in spite of a warming temperature trend? Is this an observational problem or is it because global precipitation is not directly driven by temperature? There are indications from some regions that precipitation is indeed increasing. Is this an artefact b ...
COP 17 and accountants: where next? AccountAncy futures
... Broadly, the consensus of our experts is as follows. • The Kyoto Protocol was a breakthrough agreement, but a flawed one. Its failure to address the future obligations of countries not covered by the agreement has created a political stand-off preventing any new international agreement on emissions ...
... Broadly, the consensus of our experts is as follows. • The Kyoto Protocol was a breakthrough agreement, but a flawed one. Its failure to address the future obligations of countries not covered by the agreement has created a political stand-off preventing any new international agreement on emissions ...
Alaska’s Thawing Permafrost
... from aerial photographs. They found that land loss in the study area more than doubled from 1985–2005, compared to the 30-year span from 1955–1985. In some areas, coastal erosion has caused the shoreline to recede as much as 0.9 km (0.56 mi) over the last 50 years. “This area’s increased rate of coa ...
... from aerial photographs. They found that land loss in the study area more than doubled from 1985–2005, compared to the 30-year span from 1955–1985. In some areas, coastal erosion has caused the shoreline to recede as much as 0.9 km (0.56 mi) over the last 50 years. “This area’s increased rate of coa ...
Air Pollution, Climate Disruption, and Ozone Depletion
... three decades to thousands of years. • One or two warmer or colder years or decades can result simply from changes in the weather; don’t necessarily tell us that the earth’s climate is warming or cooling. • Climate scientists look at data on normally changing weather conditions to see if there has b ...
... three decades to thousands of years. • One or two warmer or colder years or decades can result simply from changes in the weather; don’t necessarily tell us that the earth’s climate is warming or cooling. • Climate scientists look at data on normally changing weather conditions to see if there has b ...
climate change and the hydrological cycle
... water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, and several other gases make up the remaining 1% of the atmospheric volume (Baede et al. 2001; Salby 1992). Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon are not greenhouse gases; however, trace gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and others are, and therefore ...
... water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, and several other gases make up the remaining 1% of the atmospheric volume (Baede et al. 2001; Salby 1992). Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon are not greenhouse gases; however, trace gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and others are, and therefore ...
US re-engagement? -
... The decision to abandon the ratification of the protocol did not only alter the dynamics of the negotiations over the agreement, it also reversed the prior commitment to the protocol made by the Clinton administration and shocked several of the nations that had worked hard to craft a binding climate ...
... The decision to abandon the ratification of the protocol did not only alter the dynamics of the negotiations over the agreement, it also reversed the prior commitment to the protocol made by the Clinton administration and shocked several of the nations that had worked hard to craft a binding climate ...
Reducing Global Carbon: Creating an American Policy
... The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) first assessment report, released in 1990, calculated that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions had been responsible for more than half of the greenhouse gas effect. As of 2006, the United States, China, and European Union (EU) consume ...
... The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) first assessment report, released in 1990, calculated that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions had been responsible for more than half of the greenhouse gas effect. As of 2006, the United States, China, and European Union (EU) consume ...
The use of agrobiodiversity in adapting to climate change
... in relation to millet as an attempt to strengthen resilience, assist in mitigation and adaptation to climate change. It involves: conservation by strengthening the seed system, cultivation by intercropping, commerce achieved by easing the drudgery of pounding by building processing mills, and consum ...
... in relation to millet as an attempt to strengthen resilience, assist in mitigation and adaptation to climate change. It involves: conservation by strengthening the seed system, cultivation by intercropping, commerce achieved by easing the drudgery of pounding by building processing mills, and consum ...
www.fni.no
... warming that give us an indication of how climate change is framed internationally and the avenues for framing (and action) not taken. Examples include the ideas that: global warming is a human-caused environmental (rather than political or economic) challenge; it is caused by the ‘physical properti ...
... warming that give us an indication of how climate change is framed internationally and the avenues for framing (and action) not taken. Examples include the ideas that: global warming is a human-caused environmental (rather than political or economic) challenge; it is caused by the ‘physical properti ...
Chapter 3 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... • Initially simple patterns become complex [these then feedback on wind field] • Yields chaotic motions • Slight changes in initial conditions yield large changes later Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge UP ...
... • Initially simple patterns become complex [these then feedback on wind field] • Yields chaotic motions • Slight changes in initial conditions yield large changes later Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge UP ...
FFESCsynthesisAppendixIkwedit
... Climate change impacts may be particularly severe in wet cedar-leading stands of the Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) zone and local forest-dependent communities. Snowmelt helps sustain wet cedar-leading stands with exceptional productivity, biodiversity and carbon storage values and many elements of IT ...
... Climate change impacts may be particularly severe in wet cedar-leading stands of the Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) zone and local forest-dependent communities. Snowmelt helps sustain wet cedar-leading stands with exceptional productivity, biodiversity and carbon storage values and many elements of IT ...
Extreme Weather and Climate Change
... from natural disasters as a whole, however, and the results are quite different. Data from Munich Re, one of the world’s largest re-insurance firms, show that direct economic losses (in 1992 U.S. dollars) from natural disasters worldwide increased by a factor of 43 between the last half of the 1960s ...
... from natural disasters as a whole, however, and the results are quite different. Data from Munich Re, one of the world’s largest re-insurance firms, show that direct economic losses (in 1992 U.S. dollars) from natural disasters worldwide increased by a factor of 43 between the last half of the 1960s ...
Fred Singer
Siegfried Fred Singer (born September 27, 1924) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia. Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss, his public denial of the health risks of passive smoking, and as an advocate for climate change denial. He is the author or editor of several books including Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), and Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). He has also co-authored Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years (2007) with Dennis Avery, and Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) with Craig Idso.Singer has had a varied career, serving in the armed forces, government, and academia. He designed mines for the U.S. Navy during World War II, before obtaining his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. Embassy in London. He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation. He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000.In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project to advocate for climate change denial, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change. Singer argues there is no evidence that global warming is attributable to human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that humanity would benefit if temperatures do rise.He is an opponent of the Kyoto Protocol, and has claimed climate models as not based on reality, and not evidence. Singer has been accused of rejecting peer-reviewed and independently confirmed scientific evidence in his claims concerning public health and environmental issues.