Assessment Report
... caused mainly by the atmospheric emission of СО2 and other greenhouse gases primarily as a result of the use of fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil products. Man-made global climate change is often difficult to isolate from natural climatic variability and local human impact. However we must begi ...
... caused mainly by the atmospheric emission of СО2 and other greenhouse gases primarily as a result of the use of fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil products. Man-made global climate change is often difficult to isolate from natural climatic variability and local human impact. However we must begi ...
Observed and simulated full-depth ocean heat
... (0.77 Wm−2 ) from 1992 to 2005. These results increase confidence in both the observational and model estimates to quantify and study changes in Earth’s energy imbalance over the historical period. We suggest that OHC be a fundamental metric for climate model validation and evaluation, especially fo ...
... (0.77 Wm−2 ) from 1992 to 2005. These results increase confidence in both the observational and model estimates to quantify and study changes in Earth’s energy imbalance over the historical period. We suggest that OHC be a fundamental metric for climate model validation and evaluation, especially fo ...
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... Climate change is among the most pressing challenges that the world faces today. Given current atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the world is already committed to significant warming. This is a serious challenge, given the wide range of expected climate impacts on natural system ...
... Climate change is among the most pressing challenges that the world faces today. Given current atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the world is already committed to significant warming. This is a serious challenge, given the wide range of expected climate impacts on natural system ...
Setting Australia`s post-2020 target for reducing greenhouse gas
... of cheap, accessible coal, we rely more heavily than other developed countries on emissions intensive electricity generated using coal. This creates real challenges to reduce emissions without impacts on the economy. We also export more resources (half of our exports in 2013) and agricultural produc ...
... of cheap, accessible coal, we rely more heavily than other developed countries on emissions intensive electricity generated using coal. This creates real challenges to reduce emissions without impacts on the economy. We also export more resources (half of our exports in 2013) and agricultural produc ...
The global status of CCS 2015: summary report
... The EU was the first major economy to submit its contribution, a binding target to reduce EU greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. This target was agreed by EU leaders in October 2014 as part of the 2030 climate and energy framework. To conclude a deal tha ...
... The EU was the first major economy to submit its contribution, a binding target to reduce EU greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40 per cent by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. This target was agreed by EU leaders in October 2014 as part of the 2030 climate and energy framework. To conclude a deal tha ...
Emerging approaches for responding to climate change in African
... water security. Climate change impacts will be greatest where they interact with other shocks, stresses and vulnerabilities. Increasing demands are being placed on agriculture – food, economic development, reducing GHG emissions and providing other ecosystem services. While there is some consensus a ...
... water security. Climate change impacts will be greatest where they interact with other shocks, stresses and vulnerabilities. Increasing demands are being placed on agriculture – food, economic development, reducing GHG emissions and providing other ecosystem services. While there is some consensus a ...
Climate and Pest-Driven Geographic Shifts in Global Coffee
... Like many other commodity crops, the expansion of coffee has historically led to direct and indirect deforestation with important social and environmental impacts [19–21]. This historical precedent suggests that continued expansion of coffee to meet increasing global demand (following a ~0.1% annual ...
... Like many other commodity crops, the expansion of coffee has historically led to direct and indirect deforestation with important social and environmental impacts [19–21]. This historical precedent suggests that continued expansion of coffee to meet increasing global demand (following a ~0.1% annual ...
INTERPRETING INDCs - World Resources Institute
... This paper evaluates the transparency of the GHG emissions targets presented in the INDCs of eight top-emitting Parties—Brazil, China, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, and the United States— which, together, contribute nearly two thirds of annual global GHG emissions. Using the ...
... This paper evaluates the transparency of the GHG emissions targets presented in the INDCs of eight top-emitting Parties—Brazil, China, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, and the United States— which, together, contribute nearly two thirds of annual global GHG emissions. Using the ...
Primary impacts of climate change on the cryosphere
... also referred to in the ‘Copenhagen Accord’, the key outcome of the UNFCCC COP-15 held in December 2009 and is fixed in the documents of the COP-16 as held in Cancun in December 2010. In addition, the EU has put in place a wide range of policy measures to address mitigation of climate change and ada ...
... also referred to in the ‘Copenhagen Accord’, the key outcome of the UNFCCC COP-15 held in December 2009 and is fixed in the documents of the COP-16 as held in Cancun in December 2010. In addition, the EU has put in place a wide range of policy measures to address mitigation of climate change and ada ...
Measuring Vulnerability - global change SysTem for Analysis
... Climate change scenarios: Generated by general circulation models (GCMs) or synthetic scenarios (+/10% precipitation, 30 cm sea level rise, etc.); The output of GCMs depend on assumptions about greenhouse gas emissions, feedbacks, etc. SRES scenarios represent emissions according to different develo ...
... Climate change scenarios: Generated by general circulation models (GCMs) or synthetic scenarios (+/10% precipitation, 30 cm sea level rise, etc.); The output of GCMs depend on assumptions about greenhouse gas emissions, feedbacks, etc. SRES scenarios represent emissions according to different develo ...
Trends in Economic and Insured Losses from Weather-Related Events: a new analysis
... increases in uncertainty and risk, fundamentally affecting the provision of insurance coverage against damage to properties and businesses. The insurance industry, and society in general, are obviously concerned about quantifying when and how these changes will manifest themselves, particularly in l ...
... increases in uncertainty and risk, fundamentally affecting the provision of insurance coverage against damage to properties and businesses. The insurance industry, and society in general, are obviously concerned about quantifying when and how these changes will manifest themselves, particularly in l ...
Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates
... assessments. PCM has a resolution of 2.81251 2.81251 and a climate sensitivity of only 1.7 1C, lowest of the models used in the 3rd IPCC assessment (McAvaney et al., 2001). It is used here to represent a lower bound for projected ocean warming under the emissions scenarios. The SRES future emissio ...
... assessments. PCM has a resolution of 2.81251 2.81251 and a climate sensitivity of only 1.7 1C, lowest of the models used in the 3rd IPCC assessment (McAvaney et al., 2001). It is used here to represent a lower bound for projected ocean warming under the emissions scenarios. The SRES future emissio ...
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... which may have opposing effects on precipitation through heating the atmosphere (causing stabilization and reduction in precipitation) and warming the surface (causing an enhancement of precipitation) (Ming et al., 2010). However, the net effect of increasing aerosol concentrations tends to be suppr ...
... which may have opposing effects on precipitation through heating the atmosphere (causing stabilization and reduction in precipitation) and warming the surface (causing an enhancement of precipitation) (Ming et al., 2010). However, the net effect of increasing aerosol concentrations tends to be suppr ...
Fifth National Report of the Government of the Federal
... Activities aimed at promoting decisions by the ICAO and IMO in favour of emissions reduction .................................................................................... 116 Information on minimization of adverse effects (including adverse effects of climate change) in developing countries i ...
... Activities aimed at promoting decisions by the ICAO and IMO in favour of emissions reduction .................................................................................... 116 Information on minimization of adverse effects (including adverse effects of climate change) in developing countries i ...
Australia`s country towns 2050: What will a climate
... infrastructure and processes ....................................................................................... 15 Table 2: Projected changes in weather and climate extremes..................................... 33 Table 3: Predicted climate change-related extreme weather events ................ ...
... infrastructure and processes ....................................................................................... 15 Table 2: Projected changes in weather and climate extremes..................................... 33 Table 3: Predicted climate change-related extreme weather events ................ ...
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... cotton between April to November and winter wheat between November to March in all states. Greenstone and Deschenes (2007) use the period of April 1-September 30 to quantify growing season degree-days of corn and soybeans. Unlike these studies, this study uses a state specific growing season definit ...
... cotton between April to November and winter wheat between November to March in all states. Greenstone and Deschenes (2007) use the period of April 1-September 30 to quantify growing season degree-days of corn and soybeans. Unlike these studies, this study uses a state specific growing season definit ...
gcos regional action plan for south and southwest asia
... South and Southwest Asia includes not only some of the world's richest countries and fastest growing economies but also severely underdeveloped nations that are struggling to improve the social and economic conditions of their people. Vulnerability to climate and its extremes is generally high throu ...
... South and Southwest Asia includes not only some of the world's richest countries and fastest growing economies but also severely underdeveloped nations that are struggling to improve the social and economic conditions of their people. Vulnerability to climate and its extremes is generally high throu ...
impacts on forests from Climate Change
... We describe the contemporary landscape and major existing climate trends using state climatological data, as well as potential future climate trends for this region using downscaled global data from general circulation models. We identify potential vulnerabilities by incorporating these future clima ...
... We describe the contemporary landscape and major existing climate trends using state climatological data, as well as potential future climate trends for this region using downscaled global data from general circulation models. We identify potential vulnerabilities by incorporating these future clima ...
Impacts of climate change on water resources
... Monthly changes in precipitation for different regions in Europe simulated by an ensemble of different RCMs in the project PRUDENCE. ....................................... 16 ...
... Monthly changes in precipitation for different regions in Europe simulated by an ensemble of different RCMs in the project PRUDENCE. ....................................... 16 ...
WeatHerinG tHe storM options for Framing adaptation
... This report has benefited immensely from advice, information, and assistance generously provided by many people. The authors would especially like to thank the following individuals who took the time to speak with us in detail about lessons and insights from their work: Ian Burton, Boubacar Dembele, ...
... This report has benefited immensely from advice, information, and assistance generously provided by many people. The authors would especially like to thank the following individuals who took the time to speak with us in detail about lessons and insights from their work: Ian Burton, Boubacar Dembele, ...
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage – What, Why, Where, and Texas’s role
... IPPC AR5 WG1 Climate Change Science - Summary for Policy Makers (Sep2013) ...
... IPPC AR5 WG1 Climate Change Science - Summary for Policy Makers (Sep2013) ...
REPORT ON ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN IN RESPONSE AND
... As part of this, finance and planning specialists from government and non-government agencies across LDCs should be convened into a community of practice on assessing costs and benefits of climate change adaptation using NAPA priority activities as case studies. GEF Secretariat response and follow u ...
... As part of this, finance and planning specialists from government and non-government agencies across LDCs should be convened into a community of practice on assessing costs and benefits of climate change adaptation using NAPA priority activities as case studies. GEF Secretariat response and follow u ...
Fossil Fuel Divestment: Implications For The Future Of Sustainability
... onus to equip graduates to tackle the interconnected challenges of climate change, global inequality, and social justice (Rappaport et al. 2007, Lotz-Sisitka et al. 2015). Universities have frequently been regarded as key institutions in processes of social change and development (Brennan et al. 200 ...
... onus to equip graduates to tackle the interconnected challenges of climate change, global inequality, and social justice (Rappaport et al. 2007, Lotz-Sisitka et al. 2015). Universities have frequently been regarded as key institutions in processes of social change and development (Brennan et al. 200 ...
Environmental governance and climate change in Africa
... It is therefore not surprising that climate change constitutes one of the most topical themes increasingly permeating the current development debate, especially insofar as climate change will require a paradigm shift regarding approaches to sustainable development and the attainment of the Millenniu ...
... It is therefore not surprising that climate change constitutes one of the most topical themes increasingly permeating the current development debate, especially insofar as climate change will require a paradigm shift regarding approaches to sustainable development and the attainment of the Millenniu ...
follow the energy! earth`s dynamic climate system
... surface at particular places and times. Weather, fair or stormy, is not arbitrary or capricious. Both its persistence and its variability are determined by energy and mass flows through the Earth system. Climate is commonly thought of as a synthesis of actual weather conditions at the same locality ...
... surface at particular places and times. Weather, fair or stormy, is not arbitrary or capricious. Both its persistence and its variability are determined by energy and mass flows through the Earth system. Climate is commonly thought of as a synthesis of actual weather conditions at the same locality ...