Chemical Principles – by Steven Zumdahl (5 ) Chapter 1
... Atoms are the smallest particles of elements. Mixture is a material that can be separated (by physical means) into two or more substances. A mixture can be homogeneous (uniform to the observer), or heterogeneous (not uniform to the observer). Phase – a sample of matter that is uniform in chemical co ...
... Atoms are the smallest particles of elements. Mixture is a material that can be separated (by physical means) into two or more substances. A mixture can be homogeneous (uniform to the observer), or heterogeneous (not uniform to the observer). Phase – a sample of matter that is uniform in chemical co ...
Consequences of Neutrino Emission from a Phase
... In our study we did not consider the detail formation process from normal matter to quark matter. We simply assume that a neutron star suddenly undergoes a phase-transition. We use a 3D Newtonian hydrodynamic code to study the consequences of phase-transitioninduced collapse. This code solves a set ...
... In our study we did not consider the detail formation process from normal matter to quark matter. We simply assume that a neutron star suddenly undergoes a phase-transition. We use a 3D Newtonian hydrodynamic code to study the consequences of phase-transitioninduced collapse. This code solves a set ...
hwk08
... (Make a sketch-plot of log P vs. log .) The crossing point of these two formulae gives a rough, rule-of-thumb criterion for the onset of degeneracy. We can express it as f ( , T ) > C implies that the gas is degenerate, where is the mass density of the gas, protons plus electrons. Specify the ...
... (Make a sketch-plot of log P vs. log .) The crossing point of these two formulae gives a rough, rule-of-thumb criterion for the onset of degeneracy. We can express it as f ( , T ) > C implies that the gas is degenerate, where is the mass density of the gas, protons plus electrons. Specify the ...
Stellar Evolution II
... • Compress normal gases > particles move faster > increased pressure and temperature ...
... • Compress normal gases > particles move faster > increased pressure and temperature ...
Dead Stars
... –It continues burning 1H 4He in a thin shell –This star becomes a red giant •After a while, the 4He becomes so 3 4He 12C + hot, it can undergo nuclear fusion •And shortly thereafter, it can add one 12C + 4He 16O + ...
... –It continues burning 1H 4He in a thin shell –This star becomes a red giant •After a while, the 4He becomes so 3 4He 12C + hot, it can undergo nuclear fusion •And shortly thereafter, it can add one 12C + 4He 16O + ...
Powerpoint of lecture 3
... • Relating this to , the ratio of specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume, we can find (see blackboard) an integral expression for the total internal energy, U. • Using Theorem II, if is constant throughout the star, we can then prove the Virial Theorem: ...
... • Relating this to , the ratio of specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume, we can find (see blackboard) an integral expression for the total internal energy, U. • Using Theorem II, if is constant throughout the star, we can then prove the Virial Theorem: ...
Stellar Death
... White dwarfs obey the Chandrasekhar Limit Must be less than 1.4 Msun, or they cannot be supported by electron degeneracy pressure ...
... White dwarfs obey the Chandrasekhar Limit Must be less than 1.4 Msun, or they cannot be supported by electron degeneracy pressure ...
High Mass Stellar Evolution
... There is no known force in nature that can stop the collapse of cores greater than 3 solar masses. The collapse continues until the core contracts to an infinitely dense point known as a ...
... There is no known force in nature that can stop the collapse of cores greater than 3 solar masses. The collapse continues until the core contracts to an infinitely dense point known as a ...
Lecture 11: The Internal Structure of Stars
... appearance (most obviously, it will expand or contract) Internal Changes have External Consequences, which is helpful for figuring out what is going on inside of stars. ...
... appearance (most obviously, it will expand or contract) Internal Changes have External Consequences, which is helpful for figuring out what is going on inside of stars. ...
Pressure
... 3. Gas particles are in constant, random motion. (They move in a straight line until they collide with something) 4. No kinetic energy is lost when gas particles collide with each other or with the walls of the container. (Collisions are completely elastic) 5. All gases have the same average K.E. at ...
... 3. Gas particles are in constant, random motion. (They move in a straight line until they collide with something) 4. No kinetic energy is lost when gas particles collide with each other or with the walls of the container. (Collisions are completely elastic) 5. All gases have the same average K.E. at ...
Endpoints of Stellar Evolution
... star collapses into a neutron star or a black hole • Increasing the mass decreases the radius: R ~ M–1/3 • Typical composition: C and/or O • Neutron stars are the equivalent of white dwarfs, but the degeneracy pressure is provided by neutrons, not electrons • The star cools passively as it radia ...
... star collapses into a neutron star or a black hole • Increasing the mass decreases the radius: R ~ M–1/3 • Typical composition: C and/or O • Neutron stars are the equivalent of white dwarfs, but the degeneracy pressure is provided by neutrons, not electrons • The star cools passively as it radia ...
White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes
... one of a set of discrete energies. This is also true for electrons bound inside a star. ...
... one of a set of discrete energies. This is also true for electrons bound inside a star. ...
White Dwarf Stars
... White Dwarf Stars • Low mass stars are unable to reach high enough temperatures to ignite elements heavier than carbon in their core become white dwarfs. • A white dwarf is the hot exposed core of an evolved low mass star. ...
... White Dwarf Stars • Low mass stars are unable to reach high enough temperatures to ignite elements heavier than carbon in their core become white dwarfs. • A white dwarf is the hot exposed core of an evolved low mass star. ...
Life and Evolution of a Massive Star
... • Tons of neutrinos push material out with a ton of energy (10,000 km/s) • Extra energy can create heavier elements than Fe ...
... • Tons of neutrinos push material out with a ton of energy (10,000 km/s) • Extra energy can create heavier elements than Fe ...
White dwarfs & supernovae — Oct 19 white dwarfs?
... with a temperature of 1000K and a degenerate gas of electrons with a temperature of 0K. A. I is a NG. II is a DG. B. I is a DG. II is a NG. ...
... with a temperature of 1000K and a degenerate gas of electrons with a temperature of 0K. A. I is a NG. II is a DG. B. I is a DG. II is a NG. ...
The Sun - Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy CASA
... Just gets hotter and heavier down in the middle of the star ...
... Just gets hotter and heavier down in the middle of the star ...
•The Four States of Matter
... good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. ° Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. ...
... good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. ° Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. ...
topic 1 sol review homework
... solution? a) blue b) pink c) yellow d) colorless 7.Given the reaction at equilibrium: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) + heat, which change will shift the equilibrium to the right? a) adding a catalyst b) adding more O2(g) c) decreasing pressure d) increasing temperature 8. Name two reasons why the positi ...
... solution? a) blue b) pink c) yellow d) colorless 7.Given the reaction at equilibrium: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) + heat, which change will shift the equilibrium to the right? a) adding a catalyst b) adding more O2(g) c) decreasing pressure d) increasing temperature 8. Name two reasons why the positi ...
White Dwarf
... • Ejected gas from a star is lit up by the shrinking core. – Round shape – Glows with colors seen from planets ...
... • Ejected gas from a star is lit up by the shrinking core. – Round shape – Glows with colors seen from planets ...
Lecture 19 Review
... M > 8MSun Further burning produces iron. The slow neutron process produces some heavy elements. There are no more fusion processes. Beyond this point it takes energy to make a heavier element. At this point gravitational collapse occurs followed by a catastrophic rebound. A fast neutron process pro ...
... M > 8MSun Further burning produces iron. The slow neutron process produces some heavy elements. There are no more fusion processes. Beyond this point it takes energy to make a heavier element. At this point gravitational collapse occurs followed by a catastrophic rebound. A fast neutron process pro ...