Managing Climate Risk Integrating Adaptation into World Bank Group Operations World Bank Group
... This concern has prompted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to give more attention to adaptation and to establish funding channels to support developing countries in reducing their risk. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has already activated the Least Developed ...
... This concern has prompted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to give more attention to adaptation and to establish funding channels to support developing countries in reducing their risk. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has already activated the Least Developed ...
The International Tundra Experiment
... adopted as the passive warming device for ITEX and established in most sites. The warming effect of the OTCs depended on the site and the weather. The maximum warming occurs on clear days with a slight wind, as they allow the air in the OTC to warm without being removed by wind turbulence (Marion et ...
... adopted as the passive warming device for ITEX and established in most sites. The warming effect of the OTCs depended on the site and the weather. The maximum warming occurs on clear days with a slight wind, as they allow the air in the OTC to warm without being removed by wind turbulence (Marion et ...
Challenges of Growth 2013
... navigation service providers, industry associations, the academic community and European policy makers. Participants concluded that there is a growing need for climate change risk assessment and planning for adaptation measures. Cost-benefit analyses will be required to determine what level of impac ...
... navigation service providers, industry associations, the academic community and European policy makers. Participants concluded that there is a growing need for climate change risk assessment and planning for adaptation measures. Cost-benefit analyses will be required to determine what level of impac ...
A Brewing Storm - The Climate Institute
... render much Mexican coffee unviable by the 2020s,24 and most of Nicaragua will lose majority of its coffee zone by 2050,25 and Tanzanian Arabica yields are projected to reach critically low levels by 2060.26 According to a 2015 global study, hotter weather and changes in rainfall patterns are projec ...
... render much Mexican coffee unviable by the 2020s,24 and most of Nicaragua will lose majority of its coffee zone by 2050,25 and Tanzanian Arabica yields are projected to reach critically low levels by 2060.26 According to a 2015 global study, hotter weather and changes in rainfall patterns are projec ...
II. Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability: Technical Summary
... and frozen ground, and (ii) there is now evidence of effects on hydrology and water resources, coastal zones and oceans. The main evidence from regions of snow, ice and frozen ground is found in ground instability in permafrost regions, and rock avalanches; decrease in travel days of vehicles over f ...
... and frozen ground, and (ii) there is now evidence of effects on hydrology and water resources, coastal zones and oceans. The main evidence from regions of snow, ice and frozen ground is found in ground instability in permafrost regions, and rock avalanches; decrease in travel days of vehicles over f ...
Current and future vulnerabilities to climate change in Ireland Report Series No. 29
... thank her for reviewing and commenting on earlier versions of this report. The authors would very much like to thank all of those in government departments and agencies, non-governmental organisations and other groups who contributed to this work (a list of workshop participants is supplied in Appen ...
... thank her for reviewing and commenting on earlier versions of this report. The authors would very much like to thank all of those in government departments and agencies, non-governmental organisations and other groups who contributed to this work (a list of workshop participants is supplied in Appen ...
National Climate Change Action Plan
... Climate change is recognized as one of the most complex global environmental problems, one which presents the greatest challenges to society as a whole, including the scientific and technical community and government authorities. The greenhouse effect, a beneficial natural phenomenon that enables li ...
... Climate change is recognized as one of the most complex global environmental problems, one which presents the greatest challenges to society as a whole, including the scientific and technical community and government authorities. The greenhouse effect, a beneficial natural phenomenon that enables li ...
Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems
... Thompson 2003; Ashworth & Cantrill 2004; Ballantyne et al. 2006; Francis et al. 2007; Salzmann et al. 2009). Realization that significant warming took place at high latitudes has potentially important ramifications for the behaviour and extent of Pliocene sea ice, ice sheets and sea level (Dwyer & Cha ...
... Thompson 2003; Ashworth & Cantrill 2004; Ballantyne et al. 2006; Francis et al. 2007; Salzmann et al. 2009). Realization that significant warming took place at high latitudes has potentially important ramifications for the behaviour and extent of Pliocene sea ice, ice sheets and sea level (Dwyer & Cha ...
India - Met Office
... • The potential impacts of climate change, based on results from the UK’s Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change programme (AVOID) and supporting literature. For details visit: http://www.avoid.uk.net The assessment of impacts at the national level, both for the AVOID programme results and the cited supp ...
... • The potential impacts of climate change, based on results from the UK’s Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change programme (AVOID) and supporting literature. For details visit: http://www.avoid.uk.net The assessment of impacts at the national level, both for the AVOID programme results and the cited supp ...
Guide to Considering Climate Change in Project Development in
... Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have been causing greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere to rapidly increase. These gases help control the earth’s temperature to make it habitable. However, as the graphic below explains, increased levels of GHGs have caused a ...
... Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have been causing greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere to rapidly increase. These gases help control the earth’s temperature to make it habitable. However, as the graphic below explains, increased levels of GHGs have caused a ...
vulnerability analysis to climate change in the caribbean belize
... Current and future effects of climate change are constantly more complex, creating more pressure on ecosystems and affecting the lifestyles of the people who depend on natural resources under constantly changing conditions. For this reason coastal communities need to anticipate and prepare for chang ...
... Current and future effects of climate change are constantly more complex, creating more pressure on ecosystems and affecting the lifestyles of the people who depend on natural resources under constantly changing conditions. For this reason coastal communities need to anticipate and prepare for chang ...
CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American
... on a time period over which the signal-to-noise ratio would be much larger than the one in the short observational record. We accomplish this by exploiting the climate projections recently completed by phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and we select the projections with t ...
... on a time period over which the signal-to-noise ratio would be much larger than the one in the short observational record. We accomplish this by exploiting the climate projections recently completed by phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and we select the projections with t ...
Climate Change Impacts On Rainfed Corn Production In
... Figures 4a and 4b. Map of Malawi and location and soil types in Lilongwe District. ................. 22 Figure 5. Corn production and area under cultivation in the Lilongwe District (2004-2013) ...... 24 Figure 6. Topography of Lilongwe District ...................................................... ...
... Figures 4a and 4b. Map of Malawi and location and soil types in Lilongwe District. ................. 22 Figure 5. Corn production and area under cultivation in the Lilongwe District (2004-2013) ...... 24 Figure 6. Topography of Lilongwe District ...................................................... ...
Ice Age DA - GDI - 2011
... It is time to put aside the global warming dogma, at least to begin contingency planning about what to do if we are moving into another little ice age, similar to the one that lasted from 1100 to 1850. There is no doubt that the next little ice age would be much worse than the previous one and much ...
... It is time to put aside the global warming dogma, at least to begin contingency planning about what to do if we are moving into another little ice age, similar to the one that lasted from 1100 to 1850. There is no doubt that the next little ice age would be much worse than the previous one and much ...
Not just about sunburn - the ozone hole`s - Research Online
... to 1980s levels is not expected until the middle of this century (Bais et al., 2011). This long lag time ...
... to 1980s levels is not expected until the middle of this century (Bais et al., 2011). This long lag time ...
Climate Resilient Development - EDA
... in practice. The planning at the national policy level includes recommendations of scientists and experts but as it reaches the local level the authorities are caught up more into the practical implementation of the schemes/plans and are mainly unaware of the concept behind the formulation of the pa ...
... in practice. The planning at the national policy level includes recommendations of scientists and experts but as it reaches the local level the authorities are caught up more into the practical implementation of the schemes/plans and are mainly unaware of the concept behind the formulation of the pa ...
Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy 2014
... “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gasses have incre ...
... “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gasses have incre ...
Past and future influence of climate change on spatially
... difficulty in global change research. In this paper, the spatial distribution and dynamic variation of climate change impacts on vegetation activity from 1980s to 2050 in China were investigated by the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, based on the combined datasets of satellite vegeta ...
... difficulty in global change research. In this paper, the spatial distribution and dynamic variation of climate change impacts on vegetation activity from 1980s to 2050 in China were investigated by the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, based on the combined datasets of satellite vegeta ...
North Atlantic warming: patterns of long
... Deser and Blackmon 1993; Kushnir 1994; Dickson et al. 1996, 2002; Timmermann et al. 1998; Curry et al. 1998, 2003; Häkkinen 1999; Curry and McCartney 2001; Visbeck et al. 2002; Peterson et al. 2006) point to the important role of the NAO in climate variability in the North Atlantic Ocean, making it ...
... Deser and Blackmon 1993; Kushnir 1994; Dickson et al. 1996, 2002; Timmermann et al. 1998; Curry et al. 1998, 2003; Häkkinen 1999; Curry and McCartney 2001; Visbeck et al. 2002; Peterson et al. 2006) point to the important role of the NAO in climate variability in the North Atlantic Ocean, making it ...
Final Report Climate change and Wetlands.doc
... identifies critical areas where further research is required. It also discusses policy implications. Wetlands are among Victorian ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change. The most pronounced effects on wetlands will be altered hydrological regimes and more frequent or intense extreme weather ev ...
... identifies critical areas where further research is required. It also discusses policy implications. Wetlands are among Victorian ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change. The most pronounced effects on wetlands will be altered hydrological regimes and more frequent or intense extreme weather ev ...
Forced Sahel rainfall trends in the CMIP5 archive.
... [2011], “RCP8.5 depicts a relatively conservative business as usual case with low income, high population and high energy demand due to only modest improvements in energy intensity”. This is an extreme scenario, with a continuous rise in radiative forcing during the 21st century, leading to a value ...
... [2011], “RCP8.5 depicts a relatively conservative business as usual case with low income, high population and high energy demand due to only modest improvements in energy intensity”. This is an extreme scenario, with a continuous rise in radiative forcing during the 21st century, leading to a value ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.