STRUCTURE OF THE INDC
... Thus public sector dominates the economy, accounting for more than half of estimated gross domestic product (GDP). The general level of demand is largely determined by the government’s recurrent budget, half of which is funded by access license fees paid by foreign fishing vessels to catch tuna in K ...
... Thus public sector dominates the economy, accounting for more than half of estimated gross domestic product (GDP). The general level of demand is largely determined by the government’s recurrent budget, half of which is funded by access license fees paid by foreign fishing vessels to catch tuna in K ...
How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback
... perturbation are referred to as climate feedbacks. Climate sensitivity estimates depend critically on radiative feedbacks associated with water vapor, lapse rate, clouds, snow, and sea ice, and global estimates of these feedbacks differ among general circulation models. By reviewing recent observati ...
... perturbation are referred to as climate feedbacks. Climate sensitivity estimates depend critically on radiative feedbacks associated with water vapor, lapse rate, clouds, snow, and sea ice, and global estimates of these feedbacks differ among general circulation models. By reviewing recent observati ...
Climate Change Effects: Issues for International and US
... 2. Broad Findings for Security The Chairman, National Intelligence Council makes the following key observations: 1 “We judge global climate change will have wide-ranging implications for U.S. national security interests over the next 20 years. Although the U.S. will be less affected and is better ...
... 2. Broad Findings for Security The Chairman, National Intelligence Council makes the following key observations: 1 “We judge global climate change will have wide-ranging implications for U.S. national security interests over the next 20 years. Although the U.S. will be less affected and is better ...
Bony et al., 2006
... perturbation are referred to as climate feedbacks. Climate sensitivity estimates depend critically on radiative feedbacks associated with water vapor, lapse rate, clouds, snow, and sea ice, and global estimates of these feedbacks differ among general circulation models. By reviewing recent observati ...
... perturbation are referred to as climate feedbacks. Climate sensitivity estimates depend critically on radiative feedbacks associated with water vapor, lapse rate, clouds, snow, and sea ice, and global estimates of these feedbacks differ among general circulation models. By reviewing recent observati ...
Preparing Low-Emission Climate-Resilient Development
... to erratic and extreme weather events, floods, droughts, and sea-level rise, which could adversely affect food and water supplies, human health, and ecosystems and biodiversity. Developing countries are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and their sustainable development prospects ...
... to erratic and extreme weather events, floods, droughts, and sea-level rise, which could adversely affect food and water supplies, human health, and ecosystems and biodiversity. Developing countries are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and their sustainable development prospects ...
PDF
... Data from the NRA was fed into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which uses actual economic data to determine how economies respond to policy or other changes. This revealed that under a best-case scenario, agricultural impacts would be partly offset by improved water distribution, there ...
... Data from the NRA was fed into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which uses actual economic data to determine how economies respond to policy or other changes. This revealed that under a best-case scenario, agricultural impacts would be partly offset by improved water distribution, there ...
GCC Institutional Capacity Assessment Tool v1.0
... discussion back on track if it veers off course, 5) sense whether participants do not understand something, 6) decide whether guiding questions from the facilitator’s guide need to be used or adapted, 7) think quickly and formulate additional probing questions to follow up on what has been said, 8) ...
... discussion back on track if it veers off course, 5) sense whether participants do not understand something, 6) decide whether guiding questions from the facilitator’s guide need to be used or adapted, 7) think quickly and formulate additional probing questions to follow up on what has been said, 8) ...
CIRES-Climate Change - Colorado Water Conservation Board
... changes “that cannot be avoided” (CCAP 2007, p. 3). Recommendations in the CCAP include assessing the vulnerability of Colorado’s water resources to climate change, analyzing impacts on interstate water compacts, and planning for extreme events such as drought and flooding. This report is a synthesi ...
... changes “that cannot be avoided” (CCAP 2007, p. 3). Recommendations in the CCAP include assessing the vulnerability of Colorado’s water resources to climate change, analyzing impacts on interstate water compacts, and planning for extreme events such as drought and flooding. This report is a synthesi ...
OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050
... and post-2020. For example, 80% of the projected emissions from the power sector in 2020 are inevitable, as they come from power plants that are already in place or are being built today. The world is locking itself into high carbon systems more strongly every year. Prematurely closing plants or ret ...
... and post-2020. For example, 80% of the projected emissions from the power sector in 2020 are inevitable, as they come from power plants that are already in place or are being built today. The world is locking itself into high carbon systems more strongly every year. Prematurely closing plants or ret ...
Climate change and the natural heritage
... Climate change is one of the most serious threats which we in Scotland face. Rising temperatures, drier summers, wetter winters, sea-level rise, and an increased risk of flooding, will all affect our lives. There is a global need to take action to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions which are respon ...
... Climate change is one of the most serious threats which we in Scotland face. Rising temperatures, drier summers, wetter winters, sea-level rise, and an increased risk of flooding, will all affect our lives. There is a global need to take action to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions which are respon ...
Eric Gordon and Lisa Dilling - Initiative on Climate Adaptation
... Few papers in the climate change adaptation literature attempt to craft a definition of successful adaptation, and even fewer spend a significant amount of time exploring the concept. In a report for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Easterling and his colleagues (2004) offered the following ...
... Few papers in the climate change adaptation literature attempt to craft a definition of successful adaptation, and even fewer spend a significant amount of time exploring the concept. In a report for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Easterling and his colleagues (2004) offered the following ...
The Effects of Climate Change and Variation in New Zealand
... Effect of Global Temperature Change Scenarios.............................................................. 80 Effect of SOI................................................................................................................... 80 Effect of Global Temperature Change with Climate Sensitiv ...
... Effect of Global Temperature Change Scenarios.............................................................. 80 Effect of SOI................................................................................................................... 80 Effect of Global Temperature Change with Climate Sensitiv ...
Climate Change Law in Latin America
... Cadiz and the French civil codes, legal systems in Latin America were designed as presidential democracies with a balanced distribution of powers. In practice, they often have, however, strong presidencies with a wide degree of discretion and control by the Executive Power over Congress.3 In line wi ...
... Cadiz and the French civil codes, legal systems in Latin America were designed as presidential democracies with a balanced distribution of powers. In practice, they often have, however, strong presidencies with a wide degree of discretion and control by the Executive Power over Congress.3 In line wi ...
Planning Climate Resilient Cities: Early Lessons from Early Adapters
... The city of Durban covers an area of 2,300 kilometers and has a population of approximately 3.5 million people. This expansive municipality has varied terrain that ranges from a flat coastal plain in the east to steep escarpments and undulating hills in the west. Durban’s climate is subtropical with ...
... The city of Durban covers an area of 2,300 kilometers and has a population of approximately 3.5 million people. This expansive municipality has varied terrain that ranges from a flat coastal plain in the east to steep escarpments and undulating hills in the west. Durban’s climate is subtropical with ...
Global Public Goods
... including those undertaken in preparation for the Post-2015 Agenda. Regarding the ‘deliverables’, i.e. the international cooperation commitments that would form the core elements of the Agenda, if one were to follow the recommendations set forth in this paper, it would, in many instances, be necessa ...
... including those undertaken in preparation for the Post-2015 Agenda. Regarding the ‘deliverables’, i.e. the international cooperation commitments that would form the core elements of the Agenda, if one were to follow the recommendations set forth in this paper, it would, in many instances, be necessa ...
An Economic Analysis of Climate Adaptations to Hurricane Risk in St
... We are also interested in possible adaptation measures undertaken by residents to lower their expected loss. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in undertaking adaptation measures that can cost-effectively reduce the potential damage against future natural disasters and maintain insu ...
... We are also interested in possible adaptation measures undertaken by residents to lower their expected loss. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in undertaking adaptation measures that can cost-effectively reduce the potential damage against future natural disasters and maintain insu ...
Climate Change and Adaptation in Muskoka
... melting of the Arctic icepack ―much faster than our most pessimistic projections."3 Global emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are on track to reach the atmospheric concentration threshold of 450 parts per million within decades. At that point, there's a high probability that ave ...
... melting of the Arctic icepack ―much faster than our most pessimistic projections."3 Global emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are on track to reach the atmospheric concentration threshold of 450 parts per million within decades. At that point, there's a high probability that ave ...
Special Climate Change Program 2014-2018
... Message from the Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources ...
... Message from the Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.