fellmann
... climatic variations, but also the degree and duration of these variations (Adger, 2006). For vulnerability assessments the climatic variations can be aggregated as climate variability or specific changes in the climate system (e.g. temperature increases, variability and change in rainfall, etc.). I ...
... climatic variations, but also the degree and duration of these variations (Adger, 2006). For vulnerability assessments the climatic variations can be aggregated as climate variability or specific changes in the climate system (e.g. temperature increases, variability and change in rainfall, etc.). I ...
Confronting Climate Change in the US Northeast
... • Less winter precipitation falling as snow and more as rain • Reduced snowpack and increased snow density • Earlier breakup of winter ice on lakes and rivers • Earlier spring snowmelt resulting in earlier peak river flows • Rising sea-surface temperatures and sea levels All of these observed c ...
... • Less winter precipitation falling as snow and more as rain • Reduced snowpack and increased snow density • Earlier breakup of winter ice on lakes and rivers • Earlier spring snowmelt resulting in earlier peak river flows • Rising sea-surface temperatures and sea levels All of these observed c ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Vulnerability
... complement climate-change mitigation, and both have to be central to an integrated strategy to reduce risks and impacts of climate change. Most of the discussion on climate change has focused on mitigation measures, for example the Kyoto Protocol. Not much attention has been given to climatechange a ...
... complement climate-change mitigation, and both have to be central to an integrated strategy to reduce risks and impacts of climate change. Most of the discussion on climate change has focused on mitigation measures, for example the Kyoto Protocol. Not much attention has been given to climatechange a ...
MTA Adaptations to Climate Change – A Categorical Imperative1
... spending, but also maintenance and upgrading costs over much of the life cycle of the proposed solution. The solution(s) must be dynamically upgradeable to the varying demands imposed by accelerating climate change. What may seem for some time a highly cost effective solution, can at a later time or ...
... spending, but also maintenance and upgrading costs over much of the life cycle of the proposed solution. The solution(s) must be dynamically upgradeable to the varying demands imposed by accelerating climate change. What may seem for some time a highly cost effective solution, can at a later time or ...
Ecosystem-based approaches to building resilience in urban areas
... more sustainable in the long term; provide labour intensive job opportunities; and, provide multiplebenefits (jobs, mitigation of GHGs, beautification and in many instances other ecosystem services in addition to the climate change protection service as well as being “no-regret” options). A grounded ...
... more sustainable in the long term; provide labour intensive job opportunities; and, provide multiplebenefits (jobs, mitigation of GHGs, beautification and in many instances other ecosystem services in addition to the climate change protection service as well as being “no-regret” options). A grounded ...
Islamabad Pakistan
... The population of urban areas around the world continues to rise. In 2008, for the first time in history, the percentage of the global human population residing in urban areas passed 50 per cent. Urbanisation brings many benefits such as increased job and education opportunities, economic diversific ...
... The population of urban areas around the world continues to rise. In 2008, for the first time in history, the percentage of the global human population residing in urban areas passed 50 per cent. Urbanisation brings many benefits such as increased job and education opportunities, economic diversific ...
About observed and future climate changes in Flanders and Belgium
... ‘To what extent is climate change already noticeable in Flanders and Belgium?’ and ‘What are the expectations for the future?’, these are the central questions that this MIRA Climate Report 2015 seeks to address. The report begins with an explanation of the mechanism that is at the basis of global c ...
... ‘To what extent is climate change already noticeable in Flanders and Belgium?’ and ‘What are the expectations for the future?’, these are the central questions that this MIRA Climate Report 2015 seeks to address. The report begins with an explanation of the mechanism that is at the basis of global c ...
CLIMATE CHANGE HELPLESSNESS 1 Running head: CLIMATE
... This also model departs from previous work on learned helplessness in considering the special role of moralization. In classic helplessness scenarios, moralization plays no role in behavior or motivation because the consequences of (in)action affect only the self. For example, when Seligman’s dogs l ...
... This also model departs from previous work on learned helplessness in considering the special role of moralization. In classic helplessness scenarios, moralization plays no role in behavior or motivation because the consequences of (in)action affect only the self. For example, when Seligman’s dogs l ...
Climate Change Helplessness and Efficacy
... This also model departs from previous work on learned helplessness in considering the special role of moralization. In classic helplessness scenarios, moralization plays no role in behavior or motivation because the consequences of (in)action affect only the self. For example, when Seligman’s dogs l ...
... This also model departs from previous work on learned helplessness in considering the special role of moralization. In classic helplessness scenarios, moralization plays no role in behavior or motivation because the consequences of (in)action affect only the self. For example, when Seligman’s dogs l ...
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological Diversity
... 4. Sequestration of carbon as biomass and its subsequent storage: through, for example, biochar or long term storage of crop residue; and 5. Direct capture of carbon from the atmosphere and its subsequent storage, for example, using “artificial trees” and storage in geological formations or in the d ...
... 4. Sequestration of carbon as biomass and its subsequent storage: through, for example, biochar or long term storage of crop residue; and 5. Direct capture of carbon from the atmosphere and its subsequent storage, for example, using “artificial trees” and storage in geological formations or in the d ...
CLIMATE CHANGE State Should Further Improve Its Reporting on Financial Support
... in the earth’s climate, according to the National Research Council and the United States Global Change Research Program. Greenhouse gases trap some of the sun’s energy and prevent it from returning to space, warming the atmosphere. The effects of a warmer climate could have important consequences fo ...
... in the earth’s climate, according to the National Research Council and the United States Global Change Research Program. Greenhouse gases trap some of the sun’s energy and prevent it from returning to space, warming the atmosphere. The effects of a warmer climate could have important consequences fo ...
Climate change impact on meteorological, agricultural, and
... assessed on the basis of daily climate inputs from RCMs driven by three general circulation models (GCMs). Two periods and two emission scenarios, i.e., 1991–2000 and 2091–2100 under B1 and A1Fi for Parallel Climate Model (PCM), 1990–1999 and 2090–2099 under A1B and A1Fi for Community Climate System ...
... assessed on the basis of daily climate inputs from RCMs driven by three general circulation models (GCMs). Two periods and two emission scenarios, i.e., 1991–2000 and 2091–2100 under B1 and A1Fi for Parallel Climate Model (PCM), 1990–1999 and 2090–2099 under A1B and A1Fi for Community Climate System ...
PDF Full-text
... climate change, the reliance on scientific knowledge of climate change, and its inherent uncertainties and ambiguities. From a municipality’s perspective, the fact that climate change is an ongoing process implies that adaptation strategies involve developments that reach far into the future, which ...
... climate change, the reliance on scientific knowledge of climate change, and its inherent uncertainties and ambiguities. From a municipality’s perspective, the fact that climate change is an ongoing process implies that adaptation strategies involve developments that reach far into the future, which ...
The Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report
... waters and ocean acidification will degrade estuarine habitat crucial for salmon and shellfish and negatively affect nearshore fisheries; and forest vegetation in the Coast Range may shift. In the Willamette Valley, declining snowpack, earlier snowmelt, and greater summer water demand may increase s ...
... waters and ocean acidification will degrade estuarine habitat crucial for salmon and shellfish and negatively affect nearshore fisheries; and forest vegetation in the Coast Range may shift. In the Willamette Valley, declining snowpack, earlier snowmelt, and greater summer water demand may increase s ...
The Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report
... waters and ocean acidification will degrade estuarine habitat crucial for salmon and shellfish and negatively affect nearshore fisheries; and forest vegetation in the Coast Range may shift. In the Willamette Valley, declining snowpack, earlier snowmelt, and greater summer water demand may increase s ...
... waters and ocean acidification will degrade estuarine habitat crucial for salmon and shellfish and negatively affect nearshore fisheries; and forest vegetation in the Coast Range may shift. In the Willamette Valley, declining snowpack, earlier snowmelt, and greater summer water demand may increase s ...
Integrating Climate-Change Adaptation into Sectoral Policies in Ireland Report Series No. 10
... behalf of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government by the Environmental Protection Agency, which has the statutory function of co-coordinating and promoting environmental research. The authors would like to thank staff at the National University of Ireland Cork (University Co ...
... behalf of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government by the Environmental Protection Agency, which has the statutory function of co-coordinating and promoting environmental research. The authors would like to thank staff at the National University of Ireland Cork (University Co ...
Full-Text PDF
... to assess the adaptability and adaptations of entire California’s water supply system to dry climate warming. Madani and Lund [12] used an energy-based hydropower optimization model, avoiding the conventional modeling (simulation/optimization) methods, due to the large number of hydropower plants in ...
... to assess the adaptability and adaptations of entire California’s water supply system to dry climate warming. Madani and Lund [12] used an energy-based hydropower optimization model, avoiding the conventional modeling (simulation/optimization) methods, due to the large number of hydropower plants in ...
SJmaintext
... This review focuses on the impacts of climate change on population dynamics. I introduce the MUP (Measuring, Understanding and Predicting) approach, which provides a general framework where an enhanced understanding of climate-population processes, along with improved long-term data, are merged into ...
... This review focuses on the impacts of climate change on population dynamics. I introduce the MUP (Measuring, Understanding and Predicting) approach, which provides a general framework where an enhanced understanding of climate-population processes, along with improved long-term data, are merged into ...
Climate change and communicable diseases in the EU
... This handbook was developed as an aid for European Union (EU) Member States to assess and manage changes in the risk of infectious disease transmission posed by climate change. The handbook draws on current scientific knowledge as well as experiences and best practices from previous national risk, v ...
... This handbook was developed as an aid for European Union (EU) Member States to assess and manage changes in the risk of infectious disease transmission posed by climate change. The handbook draws on current scientific knowledge as well as experiences and best practices from previous national risk, v ...
Global and regional drought dynamics in the climate warming era
... Kogan 2002). The NDVI and BT were pre- and post-launch calibrated and low-/highfrequency noise was removed from the data. The VCI, TCI and VHI were validated as moisture, thermal and total VH conditions, respectively. The indices values change from zero, indicating extreme stress, to 100, indicating ...
... Kogan 2002). The NDVI and BT were pre- and post-launch calibrated and low-/highfrequency noise was removed from the data. The VCI, TCI and VHI were validated as moisture, thermal and total VH conditions, respectively. The indices values change from zero, indicating extreme stress, to 100, indicating ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Processes in
... domestic policy space: First, various government documents and a number of respondents for this study stated that, while climate change is a problem caused by developed countries, it is now a global problem that demands a response from each country, and particularly from sub-Saharan countries that h ...
... domestic policy space: First, various government documents and a number of respondents for this study stated that, while climate change is a problem caused by developed countries, it is now a global problem that demands a response from each country, and particularly from sub-Saharan countries that h ...
Global Meteorological Drought: A Synthesis of Current
... et al. 2005). This assessment is based on AMIP-style simulations using prescribed SSTs (see appendix A), with five different state-of-the-art global climate models; results are presented as combined (rather than individual model) statistics. (Individual model results are provided in appendix B.) We ...
... et al. 2005). This assessment is based on AMIP-style simulations using prescribed SSTs (see appendix A), with five different state-of-the-art global climate models; results are presented as combined (rather than individual model) statistics. (Individual model results are provided in appendix B.) We ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.