A conceptual framework for monitoring climate effects and feedback
... acknowledge that although large‐scale trends in climate changes in the Arctic display clear trends of, for example, increased temperature and retreating sea ice cover, such changes are not necessarily observed in local climate. In fact, what have been observed at Zackenberg over the last ten year ...
... acknowledge that although large‐scale trends in climate changes in the Arctic display clear trends of, for example, increased temperature and retreating sea ice cover, such changes are not necessarily observed in local climate. In fact, what have been observed at Zackenberg over the last ten year ...
The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed
... where ci is the CO2 concentration within the leaf and ca is the ambient CO2 concentration. This expression takes into account the resistance to the transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere, through the stomates to the chloroplast, the stomatal resistance rst . Note that rst is not identical to, but is re ...
... where ci is the CO2 concentration within the leaf and ca is the ambient CO2 concentration. This expression takes into account the resistance to the transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere, through the stomates to the chloroplast, the stomatal resistance rst . Note that rst is not identical to, but is re ...
Climate Change and Re-Insurance: The Human Security Issue
... Climate change, its existence, causes and effects, has been disputed by researchers, academics and policy makers. The given degree of international consensus varies greatly between those most affected by changes to climatic conditions in contrast to those who are estimated to only experience a limit ...
... Climate change, its existence, causes and effects, has been disputed by researchers, academics and policy makers. The given degree of international consensus varies greatly between those most affected by changes to climatic conditions in contrast to those who are estimated to only experience a limit ...
A Hybrid Approach to the Valuation of Climate Change
... A2, B1 and B2, are associated to different welfare impacts. First, these reveal to depend on both the nature of the forest ecosystem service. For example, cultural values reveal to be more sensitive to the four IPCC scenarios than the other ones, with the wood forest products being the more resilien ...
... A2, B1 and B2, are associated to different welfare impacts. First, these reveal to depend on both the nature of the forest ecosystem service. For example, cultural values reveal to be more sensitive to the four IPCC scenarios than the other ones, with the wood forest products being the more resilien ...
Prioritisation Method for Adaptation Measures to Climate Change in
... overall idea: → Pipe systems for both drinking water supply and sewerage will be more prone to cracking as climate changes lead to greater soil movement as a consequence of changing wetting and drying cycles. → Assets on the coast or in flood plains (which covers most assets – networks, pumping stat ...
... overall idea: → Pipe systems for both drinking water supply and sewerage will be more prone to cracking as climate changes lead to greater soil movement as a consequence of changing wetting and drying cycles. → Assets on the coast or in flood plains (which covers most assets – networks, pumping stat ...
Australia`s country towns 2050: What will a climate
... inland settlement and that not all of these impacts are likely to be adverse. The published literature highlights the fact that some industries – including wool production, grains, viticulture and some grazing – are likely to benefit from climate change. While this is not the case in all instances, ...
... inland settlement and that not all of these impacts are likely to be adverse. The published literature highlights the fact that some industries – including wool production, grains, viticulture and some grazing – are likely to benefit from climate change. While this is not the case in all instances, ...
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... used to describe both weather and climate? And why do we eagerly listen to the local weather forecaster but pay far less attention to predictions from the state climatologist? Weather is the set of current atmospheric conditions, including temperature, rainfall, wind, and humidity at any given place ...
... used to describe both weather and climate? And why do we eagerly listen to the local weather forecaster but pay far less attention to predictions from the state climatologist? Weather is the set of current atmospheric conditions, including temperature, rainfall, wind, and humidity at any given place ...
CHAPTER 13 CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND WESTERN WILDFIRE WITH IMPLICATIONS
... land management, allocation of fire management resources, and suburban planning accordingly. To establish these linkages we review previous research and draw inferences from our own retrospective work focused on 20th century climate–fire relationships in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW). We investig ...
... land management, allocation of fire management resources, and suburban planning accordingly. To establish these linkages we review previous research and draw inferences from our own retrospective work focused on 20th century climate–fire relationships in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW). We investig ...
Plankton dynamics under different climatic conditions in space and
... summer (Christensen et al., 2007). In the polar regions, warming in winter will be larger than in the summer as a result of a reduction in sea ice and snow (Meehl et al., 2007). This phenomenon will be more pronounced in the Arctic, and consequently, snow and (sea) ice content will continue to decre ...
... summer (Christensen et al., 2007). In the polar regions, warming in winter will be larger than in the summer as a result of a reduction in sea ice and snow (Meehl et al., 2007). This phenomenon will be more pronounced in the Arctic, and consequently, snow and (sea) ice content will continue to decre ...
Impacts of climate change on water resources
... The present research study provides a synthesis of scientific evidence on climate change impacts on water resources in Europe. Observed and projected changes at regional level are analysed in detail. Challenges for European societies that result from these changes in water resources are derived, and ...
... The present research study provides a synthesis of scientific evidence on climate change impacts on water resources in Europe. Observed and projected changes at regional level are analysed in detail. Challenges for European societies that result from these changes in water resources are derived, and ...
Emerging approaches for responding to climate change in African
... distortions, such as subsidies. However, others point out that adaptation in developing countries through increasing trade would be severely constrained by limited buying power. Meanwhile, climate change is creating new markets for farmers, such as biofuels and the carbon market. ...
... distortions, such as subsidies. However, others point out that adaptation in developing countries through increasing trade would be severely constrained by limited buying power. Meanwhile, climate change is creating new markets for farmers, such as biofuels and the carbon market. ...
The 2007 Eco Tourism conference held at the Pan
... conference broadened the debate to include other critical issues in sustainable tourism development including certification, community based tourism, indigenous peoples rights, best practices in ecotourism and destination management among others. For example, a conducive policy and legal framework f ...
... conference broadened the debate to include other critical issues in sustainable tourism development including certification, community based tourism, indigenous peoples rights, best practices in ecotourism and destination management among others. For example, a conducive policy and legal framework f ...
Attributing mortality from extreme temperatures to climate change in
... was probably due to, among other factors, improvements in health care and dwellings and behavioural changes during temperature extremes29 . The RRs of mortality during the period 1980–2009 are stable on a decadal basis. It is difficult to judge how time trends in disease prevalence and health have i ...
... was probably due to, among other factors, improvements in health care and dwellings and behavioural changes during temperature extremes29 . The RRs of mortality during the period 1980–2009 are stable on a decadal basis. It is difficult to judge how time trends in disease prevalence and health have i ...
Representation of Extreme Precipitation Events Leading to Opposite
... 1. Introduction The fourth Assessment Report (AR4; [1]) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that mean global temperatures will likely rise between 1.1 and 6.4 °C (with a best estimate of 1.8 to 4 °C) above 1990 levels by the end of this century. However, at regional level, ...
... 1. Introduction The fourth Assessment Report (AR4; [1]) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that mean global temperatures will likely rise between 1.1 and 6.4 °C (with a best estimate of 1.8 to 4 °C) above 1990 levels by the end of this century. However, at regional level, ...
An assessment of the likely consequences of global warming on the
... observation theory and advanced time series analyses. Only when these natural characteristics have been quantified, will it be possible to detect abnormal changes that can be attributed to unnatural global-warming, specifically due to anthropogenic actions. This should not be too difficult if these ...
... observation theory and advanced time series analyses. Only when these natural characteristics have been quantified, will it be possible to detect abnormal changes that can be attributed to unnatural global-warming, specifically due to anthropogenic actions. This should not be too difficult if these ...
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... food security and livelihoods in many developing countries. Countries whose economies are highly dependent on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, fisheries and forestry are expected to be hardest hit from the adverse impacts of climate change.1,2 Nigeria is particularly vulnerable because ma ...
... food security and livelihoods in many developing countries. Countries whose economies are highly dependent on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, fisheries and forestry are expected to be hardest hit from the adverse impacts of climate change.1,2 Nigeria is particularly vulnerable because ma ...
Gregory et al. (2013) - American Meteorological Society
... methane and then the nonzero time-dependent historical methane concentration were imposed in a simulation that began from the control state, it is obvious that a spurious warming tendency would be present throughout the historical simulation while the climate system adjusted to the sudden introducti ...
... methane and then the nonzero time-dependent historical methane concentration were imposed in a simulation that began from the control state, it is obvious that a spurious warming tendency would be present throughout the historical simulation while the climate system adjusted to the sudden introducti ...
Potential Arctic tundra vegetation shifts in
... al., 2005). Given the large soil organic carbon stocks in permafrost (Zimov et al., 2006a; Tarnocai et al., 2009), there is a major concern that these stocks get decomposed and subsequently released as CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere (Dutta et al., 2006; McGuire et al., 2009). An increase in greenhous ...
... al., 2005). Given the large soil organic carbon stocks in permafrost (Zimov et al., 2006a; Tarnocai et al., 2009), there is a major concern that these stocks get decomposed and subsequently released as CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere (Dutta et al., 2006; McGuire et al., 2009). An increase in greenhous ...
Twentieth-Century Global-Mean Sea Level Rise: Is the Whole
... from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, mass loss from glaciers, and changes in water storage on land due principally to groundwater depletion and reservoir construction. Improved observational estimates of all these terms have helped to clarify the budget of GMSLR in recent decades. In the ana ...
... from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, mass loss from glaciers, and changes in water storage on land due principally to groundwater depletion and reservoir construction. Improved observational estimates of all these terms have helped to clarify the budget of GMSLR in recent decades. In the ana ...
The coupled atmosphere–chemistry–ocean model SOCOL
... LW bands covering 10–3000 cm−1 . In the computation absorption by water vapour, CO2 , ozone, N2 O, CH4 , CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-22, aerosols, as well as clouds are considered. With the vertical resolution used in this study (39 levels up to 0.01 hPa), the model does not produce a Quasi-Biennial Oscilla ...
... LW bands covering 10–3000 cm−1 . In the computation absorption by water vapour, CO2 , ozone, N2 O, CH4 , CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-22, aerosols, as well as clouds are considered. With the vertical resolution used in this study (39 levels up to 0.01 hPa), the model does not produce a Quasi-Biennial Oscilla ...
Extreme Weather Events in Europe: preparing for climate change
... change and with these will come extreme weather. This is of considerable consequence in Europe as it impacts on the vulnerability of communities across the continent and exposes them to environmental risks. It is now widely recognised that failures in international efforts to agree on the action nec ...
... change and with these will come extreme weather. This is of considerable consequence in Europe as it impacts on the vulnerability of communities across the continent and exposes them to environmental risks. It is now widely recognised that failures in international efforts to agree on the action nec ...
The Effects of Climate Change and Urbanization on
... Figure 17: Modeled absolute changes in mean monthly mnoff depths for the RCB for the modeled baseline climate change scenario compared to the modeled baseline scenario Figure 18: Modeled absolute changes in mean seasonalmnoff depths for the RCB for the modeled baseline climate change scenario, when ...
... Figure 17: Modeled absolute changes in mean monthly mnoff depths for the RCB for the modeled baseline climate change scenario compared to the modeled baseline scenario Figure 18: Modeled absolute changes in mean seasonalmnoff depths for the RCB for the modeled baseline climate change scenario, when ...
Helping Biodiversity Adapt
... Evidence over the last decade has shown that ecological change in response to climate change is likely to be unavoidable, widespread and substantial. As a result, some of our approaches to biodiversity conservation may need to change – including not just the actions we take now but also the overarch ...
... Evidence over the last decade has shown that ecological change in response to climate change is likely to be unavoidable, widespread and substantial. As a result, some of our approaches to biodiversity conservation may need to change – including not just the actions we take now but also the overarch ...
Projected poleward shift of king penguins
... we were more interested in the rate of warming than in its baseline level, we applied a correction factor to scale each time series to the same SST baseline (see electronic supplementary material, §S3 for correction factor calculation and table S3). The rate of warming from 2000 to 2100 was then cal ...
... we were more interested in the rate of warming than in its baseline level, we applied a correction factor to scale each time series to the same SST baseline (see electronic supplementary material, §S3 for correction factor calculation and table S3). The rate of warming from 2000 to 2100 was then cal ...
S1501174_en.pdf
... This publication was based on analysis between 2008 and 2015 within the framework of “The Economics of Climate Change in Central America Initiative”, coordinated between the Ministries of Environment, Treasury or Finance, their Ministerial Councils and Executive Secretariats of the Central American ...
... This publication was based on analysis between 2008 and 2015 within the framework of “The Economics of Climate Change in Central America Initiative”, coordinated between the Ministries of Environment, Treasury or Finance, their Ministerial Councils and Executive Secretariats of the Central American ...