will continue to rise
... The accumulation of gases in the atmosphere, changes in land use, and the resulting changes in climate are having further cascading effects. The oceans are absorbing CO2 and heat from the atmosphere and will continue to do so for centuries, even if emissions are curtailed, changing the chemistry of ...
... The accumulation of gases in the atmosphere, changes in land use, and the resulting changes in climate are having further cascading effects. The oceans are absorbing CO2 and heat from the atmosphere and will continue to do so for centuries, even if emissions are curtailed, changing the chemistry of ...
... (Hughes, 2000; McCarty, 2001; Sanz, 2002; Walther et al., 2002) have attempted to detect and evaluate the magnitude of such impacts on the structure and functioning of these ecosystems, and there is an accumulating body of evidence to indicate that the life cycle patterns and physiology of several o ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Availability
... 20% below normal. In 1952-1956, average annual precipitation across Illinois averaged 18% below normal. For that five-year period, average annual temperature was 2.1oF above normal. Average annual runoff for Illinois during the five-year period was approximately 48% below normal. This runoff estimat ...
... 20% below normal. In 1952-1956, average annual precipitation across Illinois averaged 18% below normal. For that five-year period, average annual temperature was 2.1oF above normal. Average annual runoff for Illinois during the five-year period was approximately 48% below normal. This runoff estimat ...
How do climate change and bio-energy alter the long-term outlook for food, agriculture and resource availability?
... On average, annual global crop water deficit is 500 mm (i.e., 1350 billion m3 in 2000); about 970 mm water per irrigated hectare were applied. ...
... On average, annual global crop water deficit is 500 mm (i.e., 1350 billion m3 in 2000); about 970 mm water per irrigated hectare were applied. ...
Interactive comment on “Was the Little Ice Age more or less El Niño
... Because the PMIP simulations show a different ENSO pattern than 20CRv2, the quality of our reconstruction will be degraded. However, on balance, we agree that this is preferable to our previous reconstruction method that used 20CRv2 alone at the cost of satisfactorily representing degrees of freedom ...
... Because the PMIP simulations show a different ENSO pattern than 20CRv2, the quality of our reconstruction will be degraded. However, on balance, we agree that this is preferable to our previous reconstruction method that used 20CRv2 alone at the cost of satisfactorily representing degrees of freedom ...
Climate change in New Brunswick (Canada): statistical downscaling
... Models (GCMs), air temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 ºC, and precipitation by 3 to 15 % globally in the 21st century. However, specific regional projections about the impact of climate change are hampered by the limited spatial resolution of global circulation models, making it diff ...
... Models (GCMs), air temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 ºC, and precipitation by 3 to 15 % globally in the 21st century. However, specific regional projections about the impact of climate change are hampered by the limited spatial resolution of global circulation models, making it diff ...
The Latest Myths and Facts on Global Warming
... conclusions useful to policy makers. FACT: The primary scientific debate is about how much and how fast, rather than whether, additional warming will occur as a result of human-produced GHG emissions. While skeptics like to emphasize the lower end of warming projections, uncertainty actually applies ...
... conclusions useful to policy makers. FACT: The primary scientific debate is about how much and how fast, rather than whether, additional warming will occur as a result of human-produced GHG emissions. While skeptics like to emphasize the lower end of warming projections, uncertainty actually applies ...
Emergent Properties of Scale in Global Environmental Modeling
... Bottom-up approaches are conducive to the construction of regional profiles of climate change impacts from detailed process studies; important climate effects are often portrayed mechanistically and adaptive response can be tested in controlled sensitivity experiments [19]. Top-down approaches, part ...
... Bottom-up approaches are conducive to the construction of regional profiles of climate change impacts from detailed process studies; important climate effects are often portrayed mechanistically and adaptive response can be tested in controlled sensitivity experiments [19]. Top-down approaches, part ...
Climate Change Policymaking in Germany and the USA
... change negotiations has been to work for policy solutions that can be implemented at a reasonable cost. Economic assessments of the costs that climate policy action would incur have been produced. The overall conclusions have been different in the two countries. Furthermore, countries assess the dif ...
... change negotiations has been to work for policy solutions that can be implemented at a reasonable cost. Economic assessments of the costs that climate policy action would incur have been produced. The overall conclusions have been different in the two countries. Furthermore, countries assess the dif ...
Climate Change Policy Jason Shogren and Michael Toman •
... All of these damages are posited to result from changes in long-term GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. Very rapid rates of climate change could exacerbate the damage. The adverse effects of climate change most likely will take decades or longer to materialize, however. Moreover, the odds that th ...
... All of these damages are posited to result from changes in long-term GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. Very rapid rates of climate change could exacerbate the damage. The adverse effects of climate change most likely will take decades or longer to materialize, however. Moreover, the odds that th ...
ELPIS-JP: a dataset of local-scale daily climate change scenarios for
... biased climate data for specific regions (referred to as climate change scenarios) are required for impact studies (e.g. [2,3]). Dynamical and statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) are expected to bridge available GCM outputs and climate inputs required for impact models. Regional climate models (RC ...
... biased climate data for specific regions (referred to as climate change scenarios) are required for impact studies (e.g. [2,3]). Dynamical and statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) are expected to bridge available GCM outputs and climate inputs required for impact models. Regional climate models (RC ...
Climate Change Adaptation Project Report
... Sometimes mitigation and adaptation measures may conflict with one another. Using air conditioning systems to protect urban populations against extreme heat waves would also contribute to increased GHG emissions, unless non-fossil fuel power is used. However, mitigation and adaptation measures have ...
... Sometimes mitigation and adaptation measures may conflict with one another. Using air conditioning systems to protect urban populations against extreme heat waves would also contribute to increased GHG emissions, unless non-fossil fuel power is used. However, mitigation and adaptation measures have ...
Incorporating climate change and growth into the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction (opens in new window)
... (UNISDR, 2007), it has also been associated with an accumulation of assets in hazard-prone (typically, urban) areas. Population growth similarly increases exposure. In a much richer, more populous world, it may be little wonder then that losses are rising (Hallegatte, 2011). But, surprisingly, in ma ...
... (UNISDR, 2007), it has also been associated with an accumulation of assets in hazard-prone (typically, urban) areas. Population growth similarly increases exposure. In a much richer, more populous world, it may be little wonder then that losses are rising (Hallegatte, 2011). But, surprisingly, in ma ...
Climate impacts on flood and coastal erosion infrastructure
... processes of time-dependent deterioration and the impact of changing loads (and the interactions between these) on the reliability of FCERMi. If FCERMi is to be more robust to future climate uncertainties, there is an urgent need for research to better understand these interactions in the long term. ...
... processes of time-dependent deterioration and the impact of changing loads (and the interactions between these) on the reliability of FCERMi. If FCERMi is to be more robust to future climate uncertainties, there is an urgent need for research to better understand these interactions in the long term. ...
VII. Reflections on the future of Climate Change in Latin America
... be highly cost-effective. Nevertheless, several countries have solid confidence in the development of their forest areas, namely, they raise their capacity for the development of carbon sinks. To date, these options are the ones least studied; c) all of the region’s countries are vulnerable to weath ...
... be highly cost-effective. Nevertheless, several countries have solid confidence in the development of their forest areas, namely, they raise their capacity for the development of carbon sinks. To date, these options are the ones least studied; c) all of the region’s countries are vulnerable to weath ...
Establishing Accountability for Climate Change Damages: Lessons
... legal strategies related to tobacco control with those related to anthropogenic climate change, fostering an exploratory, open-ended dialogue about whether we might use the lessons from tobacco-related education, laws, and litigation to address climate change. The workshop explored which changes now ...
... legal strategies related to tobacco control with those related to anthropogenic climate change, fostering an exploratory, open-ended dialogue about whether we might use the lessons from tobacco-related education, laws, and litigation to address climate change. The workshop explored which changes now ...
gwnord_chap1_072810 - Yale Economics
... gets about 20 miles per gallon, so I consume 5 gallons of gasoline. In an ideal situation, with the gasoline burning cleanly, this will produce about 100 pounds of CO2, which will come out the tail pipe and go into the atmosphere. I can’t see, hear, or smell it – and indeed a few years ago I would n ...
... gets about 20 miles per gallon, so I consume 5 gallons of gasoline. In an ideal situation, with the gasoline burning cleanly, this will produce about 100 pounds of CO2, which will come out the tail pipe and go into the atmosphere. I can’t see, hear, or smell it – and indeed a few years ago I would n ...
Future Climate: Projected extremes
... A diminishing trend in cold spell frequency and intensity has been observed over the Northern Hemisphere and its continental sub-regions (Guirguis et al. 2011). Within regions, cold outbreaks are most intense in low-lying topography that channels the cold dense air. Their frequency also responds to ...
... A diminishing trend in cold spell frequency and intensity has been observed over the Northern Hemisphere and its continental sub-regions (Guirguis et al. 2011). Within regions, cold outbreaks are most intense in low-lying topography that channels the cold dense air. Their frequency also responds to ...
Climate-change policy: why has so little been achieved?
... is projected to increase from 6 to 9 billion—to add more extra people than the entire world population in 1950. These additional people will be overwhelmingly concentrated in China, India, and Africa—each with a total population of roughly 2 billion by 2050. The first two are expected to continue th ...
... is projected to increase from 6 to 9 billion—to add more extra people than the entire world population in 1950. These additional people will be overwhelmingly concentrated in China, India, and Africa—each with a total population of roughly 2 billion by 2050. The first two are expected to continue th ...
PPT 3.0MB
... RCM provides meteorological detail needed by SWAT to resolve sub-basin variability of importance to streamflow There is strong suggestion that climate change introduces changes of magnitudes larger than variation introduced by the modeling process Relationship of streamflow to precipitation might ch ...
... RCM provides meteorological detail needed by SWAT to resolve sub-basin variability of importance to streamflow There is strong suggestion that climate change introduces changes of magnitudes larger than variation introduced by the modeling process Relationship of streamflow to precipitation might ch ...
The US Economic Impacts of Climate Change and the Costs of
... public and the media. All too frequently, inaction is motivated by the perceived high cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of not taking on the challenges posed by climate change are frequently neglected and typically not calculated. The range of climatic changes anticipated in the U ...
... public and the media. All too frequently, inaction is motivated by the perceived high cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of not taking on the challenges posed by climate change are frequently neglected and typically not calculated. The range of climatic changes anticipated in the U ...
Integrated Climate Change Strategies for
... scientifically justified. The planning approach suggested here is unique, since proposals for development of a regional climate strategy take account both of recommendations on adaptation to climate change and measures for reduction of GHG emission (Section 7). This integrated approach should lower ...
... scientifically justified. The planning approach suggested here is unique, since proposals for development of a regional climate strategy take account both of recommendations on adaptation to climate change and measures for reduction of GHG emission (Section 7). This integrated approach should lower ...
Climate change effects on rangelands and rangeland management
... databases is hindered by their size and complexity. Data must be available to the broad spectrum of land managers in order to achieve their full potential benefit. Regardless, progress is being made; for example, Herrick et al. (2010) employed a subsample of the NRI sampling grid to collect data on ...
... databases is hindered by their size and complexity. Data must be available to the broad spectrum of land managers in order to achieve their full potential benefit. Regardless, progress is being made; for example, Herrick et al. (2010) employed a subsample of the NRI sampling grid to collect data on ...
Confronting Climate Change in New Mexico
... winter—especially in an already hot and moisture-stressed region—are projected to increase the stress on plants, making them more vulnerable to agricultural pests and diseases (Frisvold et al. 2013). At the same time, New Mexico forests will continue to be affected by large and intense fires that oc ...
... winter—especially in an already hot and moisture-stressed region—are projected to increase the stress on plants, making them more vulnerable to agricultural pests and diseases (Frisvold et al. 2013). At the same time, New Mexico forests will continue to be affected by large and intense fires that oc ...
The Climate Change Fiasco
... Section 1.2 of The Critical Decade states “there is no creditable evidence that changes in incoming solar radiation can be the cause of the current warming trend”. Here is the evidence. In 1993 research showed that since the Maunder Minimum, the sun’s irradiation, i.e. sunshine, had increased 5W/m2 ...
... Section 1.2 of The Critical Decade states “there is no creditable evidence that changes in incoming solar radiation can be the cause of the current warming trend”. Here is the evidence. In 1993 research showed that since the Maunder Minimum, the sun’s irradiation, i.e. sunshine, had increased 5W/m2 ...