2009-PIK-Additional Study-WP1
... modes: buses, the rail based Multi Modal Transport System (MMTS), the paratransit of three and seven seated autos, and private vehicles. Buses serve most of the public transport holding a modal share of 42% and a 4% fleet, while serving 98.3% of all trips made by public transport. The MMTS provides ...
... modes: buses, the rail based Multi Modal Transport System (MMTS), the paratransit of three and seven seated autos, and private vehicles. Buses serve most of the public transport holding a modal share of 42% and a 4% fleet, while serving 98.3% of all trips made by public transport. The MMTS provides ...
Differences between carbon budget estimates
... While being the most robust translation of the TCRE concept into a cumulative carbon budget, it is at the same time also the least directly useful to policy-making. In the real world, non-CO2 forcing also plays a role, and its global-mean temperature effect is superimposed on the CO2-induced warming ...
... While being the most robust translation of the TCRE concept into a cumulative carbon budget, it is at the same time also the least directly useful to policy-making. In the real world, non-CO2 forcing also plays a role, and its global-mean temperature effect is superimposed on the CO2-induced warming ...
- International Studies Association
... one of justice: the figure of the vulnerable “climate refugee” being forced to flee because of the injustices of climate change (Stern, 2007, Environmental Justice Foundation, 2009, Christian Aid, 2007, Council of the European Union, 2008). The ‘climate refugee’ put a ‘human face’ to the impacts of ...
... one of justice: the figure of the vulnerable “climate refugee” being forced to flee because of the injustices of climate change (Stern, 2007, Environmental Justice Foundation, 2009, Christian Aid, 2007, Council of the European Union, 2008). The ‘climate refugee’ put a ‘human face’ to the impacts of ...
Chapter 12
... governments and institutions have systematically and critically examined a portfolio of measures (very high confidence). ...
... governments and institutions have systematically and critically examined a portfolio of measures (very high confidence). ...
Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep
... (IPCC, 2011). Experimental and modelling studies provide compelling evidence that ocean acidification will put marine ecosystems at risk (e.g. Orr et al., 2005; Kroeker et al., 2013). However, with the exception of assessments focusing on cold-water coral systems (Barry et al., 2005, 2013; Fleeger e ...
... (IPCC, 2011). Experimental and modelling studies provide compelling evidence that ocean acidification will put marine ecosystems at risk (e.g. Orr et al., 2005; Kroeker et al., 2013). However, with the exception of assessments focusing on cold-water coral systems (Barry et al., 2005, 2013; Fleeger e ...
The Heat Is On - Climate Central
... over parts of the U.S. (with agriculture development and reforestation) may influence temperature changes from one region to another. More generally, we should point out that just as in every statistical analysis of trend patterns, the magnitude of the trend can depend strongly on the starting point ...
... over parts of the U.S. (with agriculture development and reforestation) may influence temperature changes from one region to another. More generally, we should point out that just as in every statistical analysis of trend patterns, the magnitude of the trend can depend strongly on the starting point ...
CLIMATE CHANGE State Should Further Improve Its Reporting on Financial Support
... (State) is the lead agency for international climate negotiations and for reporting to the secretariat of the Framework Convention on progress in fulfilling the U.S. climate finance commitments. In three annual reports to the Framework Convention secretariat, State reported on the amount and charac ...
... (State) is the lead agency for international climate negotiations and for reporting to the secretariat of the Framework Convention on progress in fulfilling the U.S. climate finance commitments. In three annual reports to the Framework Convention secretariat, State reported on the amount and charac ...
Annex XIII: Gender policy for the Green Climate Fund I. Background
... 10 “Resilience to climate change to be understood as (1) the capacity to absorb stresses and maintain function in the face of external stresses imposed upon it by climate change, and (2) adapt, reorganize and evolve into more sustainable socioeconomic behaviors, leading people to be better prepared ...
... 10 “Resilience to climate change to be understood as (1) the capacity to absorb stresses and maintain function in the face of external stresses imposed upon it by climate change, and (2) adapt, reorganize and evolve into more sustainable socioeconomic behaviors, leading people to be better prepared ...
3.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
... Increases in fossil fuel combustion and deforestation have exponentially increased concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. Rising atmospheric concentrations of GHGs in excess of natural levels result in increasing global surface temperatures—a phenomenon commonly re ...
... Increases in fossil fuel combustion and deforestation have exponentially increased concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. Rising atmospheric concentrations of GHGs in excess of natural levels result in increasing global surface temperatures—a phenomenon commonly re ...
PDF
... The value added created by capital is paid to firms as income. Firms receive also transfers from the government and the rest of the world. This income is used to pay capital earnings to the households, institutional taxes to government and profit transfers to the trading partners. Households receive ...
... The value added created by capital is paid to firms as income. Firms receive also transfers from the government and the rest of the world. This income is used to pay capital earnings to the households, institutional taxes to government and profit transfers to the trading partners. Households receive ...
Slide 1
... The costs of the baseline activities: to be covered by normal development expenditures such as government budgets, bilateral aid, the private sector, NGO resources, and loans from international financial institutions, including IDA and the Multilateral Fund. The impacts of the baseline activitie ...
... The costs of the baseline activities: to be covered by normal development expenditures such as government budgets, bilateral aid, the private sector, NGO resources, and loans from international financial institutions, including IDA and the Multilateral Fund. The impacts of the baseline activitie ...
GEF Investment in Climate Change Mitigation and Sound Chemicals
... The costs of the baseline activities: to be covered by normal development expenditures such as government budgets, bilateral aid, the private sector, NGO resources, and loans from international financial institutions, including IDA and the Multilateral Fund. The impacts of the baseline activitie ...
... The costs of the baseline activities: to be covered by normal development expenditures such as government budgets, bilateral aid, the private sector, NGO resources, and loans from international financial institutions, including IDA and the Multilateral Fund. The impacts of the baseline activitie ...
Impacts of changes in land use and land cover on atmospheric
... 1995) will significantly alter global land cover. How and to what extent changing land cover and land use will affect atmospheric chemistry and air quality are not well known. Sanderson et al. (2003) reported that neglecting potential future changes in land cover results in overestimates of 6 % in t ...
... 1995) will significantly alter global land cover. How and to what extent changing land cover and land use will affect atmospheric chemistry and air quality are not well known. Sanderson et al. (2003) reported that neglecting potential future changes in land cover results in overestimates of 6 % in t ...
Marine Biodiversity and Resources
... ecosystems. Some of these changes have already been observed. The magnitude of the recent physical changes is greater than at any time during human civilization and, importantly, the rate of change is faster. The effects of climate change may have serious implications for the communities and industr ...
... ecosystems. Some of these changes have already been observed. The magnitude of the recent physical changes is greater than at any time during human civilization and, importantly, the rate of change is faster. The effects of climate change may have serious implications for the communities and industr ...
Past and Future Trends in Frequency of Heavy Rainfall Events over
... the period of 1965 to 2009 by Maida et al, 2011, showed evident increase in all the regions of Pakistan. The significant increase in extreme precipitation episodes has been observed in Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Sindh , Northern Areas and Balochistan at all thresholds, However, events at the 98th percent ...
... the period of 1965 to 2009 by Maida et al, 2011, showed evident increase in all the regions of Pakistan. The significant increase in extreme precipitation episodes has been observed in Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Sindh , Northern Areas and Balochistan at all thresholds, However, events at the 98th percent ...
Climate Change in the US Northeast
... The pulse of life and economic activity across the Northeast is marked by the region’s dramatic seasonal cycle, changeable weather, and extreme events such as floods and nor’easters. This familiar climate is already changing in noticeable ways. Temperatures have been rising, particularly in winter, ...
... The pulse of life and economic activity across the Northeast is marked by the region’s dramatic seasonal cycle, changeable weather, and extreme events such as floods and nor’easters. This familiar climate is already changing in noticeable ways. Temperatures have been rising, particularly in winter, ...
Widespread parallel population adaptation to climate variation
... The mountainous islands in the Lesser Antillean arc, a biodiversity hot spot (Myers et al. 2000), are each inhabited by one or two species of small arboreal lizards of the genus Anolis which occupy most of the habitats within each island (Fig. 1). Within each island (Figs 1 and 2), a pronounced clim ...
... The mountainous islands in the Lesser Antillean arc, a biodiversity hot spot (Myers et al. 2000), are each inhabited by one or two species of small arboreal lizards of the genus Anolis which occupy most of the habitats within each island (Fig. 1). Within each island (Figs 1 and 2), a pronounced clim ...
Groundwater and climate change
... finance (Third International Conference on Financing for Development), on the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda, including the Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs (United Nations Sustainable Development Summit), and on climate (21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United ...
... finance (Third International Conference on Financing for Development), on the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda, including the Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs (United Nations Sustainable Development Summit), and on climate (21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United ...
Recent radical shifts of atmospheric circulations and rapid changes
... could be a mixed response to rising greenhouse-gas-emissions forcing or unexpected natural climate variability, or both. In particular, the exceptional northeastward invasion of the poleward center of action into the Barents Sea and the final formation of ARP have been detected for the first time wh ...
... could be a mixed response to rising greenhouse-gas-emissions forcing or unexpected natural climate variability, or both. In particular, the exceptional northeastward invasion of the poleward center of action into the Barents Sea and the final formation of ARP have been detected for the first time wh ...
climate justice - Buffalo Law Review
... program might well do. Instead, a domestic clean development mechanism, as an indispensable component of market-based climate policy, would provide two significant benefits. First, poor and of-color communities would gain entry into the cap-and-trade market that would otherwise exclude them, allowin ...
... program might well do. Instead, a domestic clean development mechanism, as an indispensable component of market-based climate policy, would provide two significant benefits. First, poor and of-color communities would gain entry into the cap-and-trade market that would otherwise exclude them, allowin ...
The fate of Amazonian ecosystems over the coming century arising
... 2013). Findings of increasing biomass in studies of forest inventories in the tropics have been interpreted as indicating that CO2 fertilization may be occurring (Baker et al., 2004; Lewis et al., 2009); however, there is currently limited direct evidence from large-scale experimental studies in tro ...
... 2013). Findings of increasing biomass in studies of forest inventories in the tropics have been interpreted as indicating that CO2 fertilization may be occurring (Baker et al., 2004; Lewis et al., 2009); however, there is currently limited direct evidence from large-scale experimental studies in tro ...
Potential of semi-structural and non-structural adaptation
... Recent studies based on past floods and/or economic models have shown that adequate undertaking of flood-proofing measures can considerably decrease the costs of floods for households. These studies focus on avoided costs, damage reduction, and/or cost–benefit ratios. Wind et al. (1999) focus on the ...
... Recent studies based on past floods and/or economic models have shown that adequate undertaking of flood-proofing measures can considerably decrease the costs of floods for households. These studies focus on avoided costs, damage reduction, and/or cost–benefit ratios. Wind et al. (1999) focus on the ...
Climate Change and Himalayan Cold Deserts
... natural resources and economic conditions leading to accelerated resource degradation and associated environmental consequences, that adversely impact indigenous communities and their livelihoods. Blizzards, snowstorms and avalanches are common. The soil is not very productive and the climatic condi ...
... natural resources and economic conditions leading to accelerated resource degradation and associated environmental consequences, that adversely impact indigenous communities and their livelihoods. Blizzards, snowstorms and avalanches are common. The soil is not very productive and the climatic condi ...
FAO, forests and climate change
... Deploying sustainable forest management (SFM)1 can not only lessen the risks posed by climate change, it can generate opportunities, such as employment in forest restoration, forest conservation, wood production and wood-based manufacturing; tenure reform; and payments for forest-related services. E ...
... Deploying sustainable forest management (SFM)1 can not only lessen the risks posed by climate change, it can generate opportunities, such as employment in forest restoration, forest conservation, wood production and wood-based manufacturing; tenure reform; and payments for forest-related services. E ...
future climate uncertainty and spatial variability over tamilnadu state
... it has influence on various activities. In order to ascertain its impact and to workout adaptation and mitigation strategies, we need to know the change that could happen in future. The General Circulation Models (GCMs) plays a major role in predicting the future climate. As these GCMs do not provid ...
... it has influence on various activities. In order to ascertain its impact and to workout adaptation and mitigation strategies, we need to know the change that could happen in future. The General Circulation Models (GCMs) plays a major role in predicting the future climate. As these GCMs do not provid ...