The International Tundra Experiment
... Results from ITEX research has been in the forefront of predictions of effects of warming on tundra systems, and in verifying the predictions as the climate warms. One of the main objectives of ITEX was to use a simple warming experiment to determine effects on tundra plants and vegetation that woul ...
... Results from ITEX research has been in the forefront of predictions of effects of warming on tundra systems, and in verifying the predictions as the climate warms. One of the main objectives of ITEX was to use a simple warming experiment to determine effects on tundra plants and vegetation that woul ...
Considering Vermont`s Future in a Changing Climate: The First
... for these changes in Vermont’s climate (Box 1), highlighting opportunities that provide economic benefits and minimize costs over time, while noting the potential outcomes of inaction. The VCA addresses three main goals: 1) further scientific understanding of global change trends using local, histor ...
... for these changes in Vermont’s climate (Box 1), highlighting opportunities that provide economic benefits and minimize costs over time, while noting the potential outcomes of inaction. The VCA addresses three main goals: 1) further scientific understanding of global change trends using local, histor ...
Discussion on the Vistula Lagoon regional development
... strategies to climate changes have shown that directions of Polish municipalities’ development is less tolerant to consequences of climate change because of a large area disposed to possible flooding, and therefore possibly high expenses for prevention of territory flooding. The Vistula Lagoon is a ...
... strategies to climate changes have shown that directions of Polish municipalities’ development is less tolerant to consequences of climate change because of a large area disposed to possible flooding, and therefore possibly high expenses for prevention of territory flooding. The Vistula Lagoon is a ...
3.5.2. Water resources
... During the 20th century, global average temperature on the earth’s surface has increased by 0.6 degrees Celsius, In the 21st century, human impact on the atmosphere change will continue, based on all the IPCC scenarios, an global average temperature and sea levels will increase – in the period 1 ...
... During the 20th century, global average temperature on the earth’s surface has increased by 0.6 degrees Celsius, In the 21st century, human impact on the atmosphere change will continue, based on all the IPCC scenarios, an global average temperature and sea levels will increase – in the period 1 ...
The Resolution Dependence of Contiguous U.S. Precipitation
... models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased ...
... models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased ...
The global hydrological cycle and energy budget under climate
... low and CO2 at high latitudes, implying that even if global mean temperature can be stabilized, local anomalies of temperature and precipitation can be substantial in a geoengineered future. Energy budgets calculated for both scenarios show that the meridional atmospheric transport is stronger in so ...
... low and CO2 at high latitudes, implying that even if global mean temperature can be stabilized, local anomalies of temperature and precipitation can be substantial in a geoengineered future. Energy budgets calculated for both scenarios show that the meridional atmospheric transport is stronger in so ...
New Zealand glacier response to climate change of the past 2
... change in mass balance, there is a lag before the length of a glacier starts to change, and it will continue to change until a new equilibrium length is reached. This time taken for a glacier to fully adjust to a change in its mass balance is the ‘filling time’ or ‘ volume response time’ ŽPaterson, ...
... change in mass balance, there is a lag before the length of a glacier starts to change, and it will continue to change until a new equilibrium length is reached. This time taken for a glacier to fully adjust to a change in its mass balance is the ‘filling time’ or ‘ volume response time’ ŽPaterson, ...
Update on Climate Geoengineering in Relation to the
... reduce the adverse impacts of climate change, including impacts on biodiversity. However, given the current atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations, their long atmospheric residence times and the relatively limited action to date to reduce future emissions, the use of geoengineering techniques has ...
... reduce the adverse impacts of climate change, including impacts on biodiversity. However, given the current atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations, their long atmospheric residence times and the relatively limited action to date to reduce future emissions, the use of geoengineering techniques has ...
Government Coastal Planning Responses to Rising Sea
... The aim of this report is to provide a general overview of the state of government coastal planning responses to the challenges posed by rising sea levels. Whilst a few international jurisdictions have been included to provide a point of contrast, the report predominantly focuses upon Australian gov ...
... The aim of this report is to provide a general overview of the state of government coastal planning responses to the challenges posed by rising sea levels. Whilst a few international jurisdictions have been included to provide a point of contrast, the report predominantly focuses upon Australian gov ...
Climate change, crop yields, and internal migration in the United
... the past 50 years, U.S. average temperature has risen more than 1◦ C and precipitation has increased an average of about 5 percent (Karl, Melillo & Peterson 2009). Humaninduced emissions of heat-trapping gases have been largely responsible for such changes on a worldwide basis, and will lead to addi ...
... the past 50 years, U.S. average temperature has risen more than 1◦ C and precipitation has increased an average of about 5 percent (Karl, Melillo & Peterson 2009). Humaninduced emissions of heat-trapping gases have been largely responsible for such changes on a worldwide basis, and will lead to addi ...
Adaptation of Forests and People to Climate Change – A global
... has been prepared especially for policy and decision makers. Given the wide scope of the topic adaptation and the very limited time available for the assessment, our book cannot cover every issue related to the adaptation of forests and people to climate change. The assessment also reveals that ther ...
... has been prepared especially for policy and decision makers. Given the wide scope of the topic adaptation and the very limited time available for the assessment, our book cannot cover every issue related to the adaptation of forests and people to climate change. The assessment also reveals that ther ...
Inuit Priorities for Canada`s Climate Strategy
... with the reality that the majority of our households are low-income, prevent many of our families from investing in activities such as education, quality foods, and childcare that most Canadians take for granted.2 Too many Inuit households find the expense of buying and maintaining the equipment need ...
... with the reality that the majority of our households are low-income, prevent many of our families from investing in activities such as education, quality foods, and childcare that most Canadians take for granted.2 Too many Inuit households find the expense of buying and maintaining the equipment need ...
Australia`s Sixth National Communication on Climate Change
... geography, coastal population concentrations and biodiversity render it particularly vulnerable to small variations in climate. Many of Australia’s key industry sectors such as agriculture and tourism are also vulnerable to high variability in temperature and rainfall patterns. If global greenhouse ...
... geography, coastal population concentrations and biodiversity render it particularly vulnerable to small variations in climate. Many of Australia’s key industry sectors such as agriculture and tourism are also vulnerable to high variability in temperature and rainfall patterns. If global greenhouse ...
Democracy as it Should Be
... carbon. We are presently on course to increase global temperature by 4 degrees Celsius within the next three or four generations, perhaps sooner. According to climate expert Kevin Anderson, a 4C world is so radically different that it is "incompatible with organized global community, is likely to be ...
... carbon. We are presently on course to increase global temperature by 4 degrees Celsius within the next three or four generations, perhaps sooner. According to climate expert Kevin Anderson, a 4C world is so radically different that it is "incompatible with organized global community, is likely to be ...
Plan of action for disaster risk reduction and management in agriculture
... stakeholder consultation process in 2013, which led to the development of this Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) in Agriculture (2014-2016); drawing upon key priorities embedded in existing policies, regulatory frameworks, and building on good practices and experiences ...
... stakeholder consultation process in 2013, which led to the development of this Plan of Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) in Agriculture (2014-2016); drawing upon key priorities embedded in existing policies, regulatory frameworks, and building on good practices and experiences ...
East Midlands Sustainable Development Round Table The Potential
... Overall, we will have to live with some level of climate change and plan accordingly. In order to do this we will have to take climate change into account when planning our water resources, flood defences, industry, agriculture, housing and other developments and biodiversity. However, the priority ...
... Overall, we will have to live with some level of climate change and plan accordingly. In order to do this we will have to take climate change into account when planning our water resources, flood defences, industry, agriculture, housing and other developments and biodiversity. However, the priority ...
THE SCHMIDT FAMILY FOUNDATION
... U.S. and abroad, to drive significant local change that improves the quality of life for local people and others far distant, in the countless networks to which they are also attached. The health of a child in rural China or in the American Grainbelt is intimately connected to the industrial pattern ...
... U.S. and abroad, to drive significant local change that improves the quality of life for local people and others far distant, in the countless networks to which they are also attached. The health of a child in rural China or in the American Grainbelt is intimately connected to the industrial pattern ...
Master in de rechten
... legal regimes will occur. This gap would be damaging from an ecological point of view, would abate incentives for public and private entities to combat climate change and it endangers the continuation of the mechanisms established by the Kyoto Protocol. Since the entry into force of the Kyoto Protoc ...
... legal regimes will occur. This gap would be damaging from an ecological point of view, would abate incentives for public and private entities to combat climate change and it endangers the continuation of the mechanisms established by the Kyoto Protocol. Since the entry into force of the Kyoto Protoc ...
Preparing for an Uncertain Climate—Vol. I
... which focused on ways to reduce the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Slowing the rate of growth in these emissions continues to be very important, but most analyses conclude that despite international efforts, the Earth is likely to warm several degrees over the next century. Climate c ...
... which focused on ways to reduce the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Slowing the rate of growth in these emissions continues to be very important, but most analyses conclude that despite international efforts, the Earth is likely to warm several degrees over the next century. Climate c ...
Abrupt climate change as an important agent of ecological change... Northeast U.S. throughout the past 15,000 years
... the magnitude and extent of Euro-American land-clearance (Shuman et al., 2005a), and may have taken place within 60–150 years (Maenza-Gmelch, 1997a; Williams et al., 2002). Other work has highlighted possible vegetation responses to century-scale cool episodes at 8.2 and 13.1 ka (Shuman et al., 2002 ...
... the magnitude and extent of Euro-American land-clearance (Shuman et al., 2005a), and may have taken place within 60–150 years (Maenza-Gmelch, 1997a; Williams et al., 2002). Other work has highlighted possible vegetation responses to century-scale cool episodes at 8.2 and 13.1 ka (Shuman et al., 2002 ...
Climate change reduces warming potential of nitrous oxide by an
... To quantify the effect of an enhanced BDC on the atmospheric fate of N2O, we apply ECHAM6 [Stevens et al., 2013], the atmosphere model of the MPI-ESM (Max Planck Institute Earth System Model) in an idealized setup. We conduct two 100 yearlong simulations, one control simulation “CTRL” at preindustri ...
... To quantify the effect of an enhanced BDC on the atmospheric fate of N2O, we apply ECHAM6 [Stevens et al., 2013], the atmosphere model of the MPI-ESM (Max Planck Institute Earth System Model) in an idealized setup. We conduct two 100 yearlong simulations, one control simulation “CTRL” at preindustri ...
climate mitigation in the least carbon emitting countries
... historically development in the industrialized countries has to a great extent been driven by a fossil fuel based economy, this option is no longer seen as viable for developing countries, which are expected to pursue different pathways of development. At the same time, the impacts of a changing cli ...
... historically development in the industrialized countries has to a great extent been driven by a fossil fuel based economy, this option is no longer seen as viable for developing countries, which are expected to pursue different pathways of development. At the same time, the impacts of a changing cli ...
Slide 1
... hydrofluorcarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride. They trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere, such that a rise in levels of GHG increases temperature – the so-called greenhouse effect. (2) Greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect is the natural process of the atmosphere letting in some of ...
... hydrofluorcarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride. They trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere, such that a rise in levels of GHG increases temperature – the so-called greenhouse effect. (2) Greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect is the natural process of the atmosphere letting in some of ...
The durability of the `Antarctic Model` and - Research Online
... Antarctic Treaty System (‘ATS’).3 At the 1959 Washington Conference, 12 nations gathered to draft the agreement that formally recognised “that it is in the interests of all mankind that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not become the scene or o ...
... Antarctic Treaty System (‘ATS’).3 At the 1959 Washington Conference, 12 nations gathered to draft the agreement that formally recognised “that it is in the interests of all mankind that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not become the scene or o ...
NDVI-based increase in growth of temperate grasslands and its
... maximum NDVI value for each pixel during a given month was assigned as the monthly value in an effort to further reduce residual atmospheric and bidirectional effects. NDVI images of spring (April and May), summer (June–August), fall (September and October), and growing season (April–October) were g ...
... maximum NDVI value for each pixel during a given month was assigned as the monthly value in an effort to further reduce residual atmospheric and bidirectional effects. NDVI images of spring (April and May), summer (June–August), fall (September and October), and growing season (April–October) were g ...