Development finance and climate finance - IIED
... countries can still report on their climate-mitigation finance to MICs, but as TOSD not as ODA. • International public finance for mitigation in middle-income countries (MICs) needs to be carefully assessed. Even if it is not counted as ODA, developed countries will have incentives to finance mitig ...
... countries can still report on their climate-mitigation finance to MICs, but as TOSD not as ODA. • International public finance for mitigation in middle-income countries (MICs) needs to be carefully assessed. Even if it is not counted as ODA, developed countries will have incentives to finance mitig ...
Regulation on Carbon Emission Trading Pricing-to-Market: Based on
... organs to invest carbon markets, America’s government encourage the entity to transact in the on-site exchange by means of signing voluntary contracts. In view of social responsibilities and cultural brand, enterprises are bind to legal reduction of carbon emissions by concluding contracts with Amer ...
... organs to invest carbon markets, America’s government encourage the entity to transact in the on-site exchange by means of signing voluntary contracts. In view of social responsibilities and cultural brand, enterprises are bind to legal reduction of carbon emissions by concluding contracts with Amer ...
Cost Benefit Analysis Tool and Guidance
... 2015). Applications exist for adaptation, see for instance AIACC (2006), that primarily use scenario-based impact assessment to appraise measures, estimating baseline damage costs then applying CBA to appraise responses under alternative climatic and socio-economic futures. Although CBA is widely us ...
... 2015). Applications exist for adaptation, see for instance AIACC (2006), that primarily use scenario-based impact assessment to appraise measures, estimating baseline damage costs then applying CBA to appraise responses under alternative climatic and socio-economic futures. Although CBA is widely us ...
Environmental effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
... not truly global (e.g. Robeson 1995). The 0.5 to 0.6°C century–1 temperature trend for the last 100 yr has been determined with uncertainties estimated to be smaller than the magnitude of the increase (Karl et al. 1994), despite the incomplete surface coverage. But serious uncertainty in uneven temp ...
... not truly global (e.g. Robeson 1995). The 0.5 to 0.6°C century–1 temperature trend for the last 100 yr has been determined with uncertainties estimated to be smaller than the magnitude of the increase (Karl et al. 1994), despite the incomplete surface coverage. But serious uncertainty in uneven temp ...
Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014 – 2023
... of Ministers and is consistent with the planning cycle of the NSDP. Line ministries have provided inputs to the development of the CCCSP and also have developed Sectoral Climate Change Action Plans, which would become policy programmes for integration of climate change at national and sub-national l ...
... of Ministers and is consistent with the planning cycle of the NSDP. Line ministries have provided inputs to the development of the CCCSP and also have developed Sectoral Climate Change Action Plans, which would become policy programmes for integration of climate change at national and sub-national l ...
Key Adaptation Concepts and Terms
... them in terms of criteria such as availability, benefits, costs, effectiveness, efficiency, and feasibility.(IPCC TAR, 2001 a) The term ‘Adaptation Assessment’ while appearing to be clear on paper can be difficult in some cases to apply in practice.5 Currently, there is no set of criteria or metrics ...
... them in terms of criteria such as availability, benefits, costs, effectiveness, efficiency, and feasibility.(IPCC TAR, 2001 a) The term ‘Adaptation Assessment’ while appearing to be clear on paper can be difficult in some cases to apply in practice.5 Currently, there is no set of criteria or metrics ...
Global air temperature variability independent of sea
... because (1) they are based on observed rather than modeled data and (2) they include consideration of all sources of ocean-related variability together rather than separate signals. ...
... because (1) they are based on observed rather than modeled data and (2) they include consideration of all sources of ocean-related variability together rather than separate signals. ...
Sharing responsibility to divest from fossil fuels
... Neither was meant to confront a changing climate. Governments were formed to address a wide range of issues and climate change is just one that they consider among many. Sometimes groups are slow to act because it takes time to recognize, incorporate, and prioritize new values in their decision-maki ...
... Neither was meant to confront a changing climate. Governments were formed to address a wide range of issues and climate change is just one that they consider among many. Sometimes groups are slow to act because it takes time to recognize, incorporate, and prioritize new values in their decision-maki ...
Appendix 3: Climate Science Supplement
... are now the dominant agents of change. Human activities are affecting climate through increasing atmospheric levels of heat-trapping gases and other substances, including particles. The Earth’s climate has long been known to change in response to natural external forcings. These include variations i ...
... are now the dominant agents of change. Human activities are affecting climate through increasing atmospheric levels of heat-trapping gases and other substances, including particles. The Earth’s climate has long been known to change in response to natural external forcings. These include variations i ...
Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change
... or in the latter case, hurricane landfall patterns. These traditions differ in that impact assessments tend to underemphasize, relative to risk/hazards research, the processes by which society can inadvertently amplify the impacts of a stress, or enact anticipatory adaptations designed to reduce the ...
... or in the latter case, hurricane landfall patterns. These traditions differ in that impact assessments tend to underemphasize, relative to risk/hazards research, the processes by which society can inadvertently amplify the impacts of a stress, or enact anticipatory adaptations designed to reduce the ...
PDF
... declining levels in other regions (IPCC 2007; TNC 2009). Changes in annual precipitation may be accompanied by a shift in seasonal precipitation, with a greater share falling in the winter and early spring. Rising temperatures would interact with shifting precipitation regimes, contributing to incre ...
... declining levels in other regions (IPCC 2007; TNC 2009). Changes in annual precipitation may be accompanied by a shift in seasonal precipitation, with a greater share falling in the winter and early spring. Rising temperatures would interact with shifting precipitation regimes, contributing to incre ...
Author`s personal copy
... responses to past climate change (Peng and Apps, 1997); interannual climate variability (Cao et al., 2003; Piao et al., 2003, 2005) and future climate change (Xiao et al., 1998; Gao et al., 2000; Ni et al., 2001). Recent estimates of forest biomass carbon in China suggested that Chinese forest ecosy ...
... responses to past climate change (Peng and Apps, 1997); interannual climate variability (Cao et al., 2003; Piao et al., 2003, 2005) and future climate change (Xiao et al., 1998; Gao et al., 2000; Ni et al., 2001). Recent estimates of forest biomass carbon in China suggested that Chinese forest ecosy ...
Resilience Strategies for Communities at Risk
... strategies can be applied to communities around the world. Those strategies fall into four categories: (1) land use and development; (2) infrastructure, technology, and capacity; (3) finance, investment, and insurance; and (4) leadership and governance. The 23 recommendations in After Sandy have bee ...
... strategies can be applied to communities around the world. Those strategies fall into four categories: (1) land use and development; (2) infrastructure, technology, and capacity; (3) finance, investment, and insurance; and (4) leadership and governance. The 23 recommendations in After Sandy have bee ...
Cool dudes: The denial of climate change among conservative white
... conservative talk radio, television news, newspapers, and websites—to the American public for approximately twenty years: climate change is not real and thus does not warrant ameliorative action (e.g., Lahsen, 2008; McCright and Dunlap, 2000, 2003, 2010; Oreskes and Conway, 2010). This message, whic ...
... conservative talk radio, television news, newspapers, and websites—to the American public for approximately twenty years: climate change is not real and thus does not warrant ameliorative action (e.g., Lahsen, 2008; McCright and Dunlap, 2000, 2003, 2010; Oreskes and Conway, 2010). This message, whic ...
English - Plan International
... on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods, hence the need to uncover the impact of climate change and environmental degradation on access to food, water and energy cannot be underestimated. However, there is limited information about how people perceive climate change and there is also limited e ...
... on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods, hence the need to uncover the impact of climate change and environmental degradation on access to food, water and energy cannot be underestimated. However, there is limited information about how people perceive climate change and there is also limited e ...
the Disclosure report 2016
... The commitment of these 16 governments marked the start of this initiative that has continued to grow year-onyear, with 62 governments joining by the time of COP22 in Marrakech in November this year. Responsible for over 3 GtCO2e (more than the combined emissions of India and Canada) and representin ...
... The commitment of these 16 governments marked the start of this initiative that has continued to grow year-onyear, with 62 governments joining by the time of COP22 in Marrakech in November this year. Responsible for over 3 GtCO2e (more than the combined emissions of India and Canada) and representin ...
Israel`s report to the UNFCCC on climate change, 2000
... Climate change is “… a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods” (Article 1(2) of the UNFCCC). The composition of t ...
... Climate change is “… a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods” (Article 1(2) of the UNFCCC). The composition of t ...
NPS SWAN report - UAF SNAP - University of Alaska Fairbanks
... these areas. National Park Service (NPS) managers have been exploring scenario planning as an alternative approach for science-based decision-making in the face of an uncertain future. Climate change scenarios will help prepare NPS Alaska park managers for impending changes to make informed decision ...
... these areas. National Park Service (NPS) managers have been exploring scenario planning as an alternative approach for science-based decision-making in the face of an uncertain future. Climate change scenarios will help prepare NPS Alaska park managers for impending changes to make informed decision ...
Resilience Strategies for Communities at Risk
... strategies can be applied to communities around the world. Those strategies fall into four categories: (1) land use and development; (2) infrastructure, technology, and capacity; (3) finance, investment, and insurance; and (4) leadership and governance. The 23 recommendations in After Sandy have bee ...
... strategies can be applied to communities around the world. Those strategies fall into four categories: (1) land use and development; (2) infrastructure, technology, and capacity; (3) finance, investment, and insurance; and (4) leadership and governance. The 23 recommendations in After Sandy have bee ...
No Slide Title - WWF
... causing water logging and salinity which required technically viable drainage infrastructure to reclaim the soils • Irrigation Efficient Methods such as use of sprinkler, drip and trickle irrigation systems be promoted ...
... causing water logging and salinity which required technically viable drainage infrastructure to reclaim the soils • Irrigation Efficient Methods such as use of sprinkler, drip and trickle irrigation systems be promoted ...
PDF
... Kyoto-commitments were exactly met, the GHG emissions of the Annex-B Countries as a group over the 2008-2012 period would actually be 2.5% higher than their 1995 level. To expand the discussion to include Developing Countries, it is helpful to focus on CO2 emissions data, which is more widely availa ...
... Kyoto-commitments were exactly met, the GHG emissions of the Annex-B Countries as a group over the 2008-2012 period would actually be 2.5% higher than their 1995 level. To expand the discussion to include Developing Countries, it is helpful to focus on CO2 emissions data, which is more widely availa ...
climate change in the african drylands
... biodiversity to water; food and fibre-- are under threat from a variety sources such as urban expansion and unsustainable farming settlements. As a result these fragile soils are becoming increasingly degraded and unproductive. Climate change is now aggravating these challenges. However, combating c ...
... biodiversity to water; food and fibre-- are under threat from a variety sources such as urban expansion and unsustainable farming settlements. As a result these fragile soils are becoming increasingly degraded and unproductive. Climate change is now aggravating these challenges. However, combating c ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – invasive animals
... High levels of uncertainty make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect ecosystems, as these changes are likely to have interacting effects that compound the uncertainty associated with each driver of change (Hellman et al. 2008; Tylianakis et al. 2008). Indee ...
... High levels of uncertainty make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect ecosystems, as these changes are likely to have interacting effects that compound the uncertainty associated with each driver of change (Hellman et al. 2008; Tylianakis et al. 2008). Indee ...
Win-win? CDM hydropower projects and their - diss.fu
... treaty. This agreement is characterized by a strong reliance on market-based mitigation strategies; an approach that has become known as ‘cap and trade’ (Oberthür and Ott 1999). The protocol’s target to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of industrialized countries by 5.2 % below the 1990 bas ...
... treaty. This agreement is characterized by a strong reliance on market-based mitigation strategies; an approach that has become known as ‘cap and trade’ (Oberthür and Ott 1999). The protocol’s target to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of industrialized countries by 5.2 % below the 1990 bas ...
Australian rangelands and climate change – invasive
... High levels of uncertainty make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect ecosystems, as these changes are likely to have interacting effects that compound the uncertainty associated with each driver of change (Hellman et al. 2008; Tylianakis et al. 2008). Indee ...
... High levels of uncertainty make it difficult to predict how climate change and biological invasions will affect ecosystems, as these changes are likely to have interacting effects that compound the uncertainty associated with each driver of change (Hellman et al. 2008; Tylianakis et al. 2008). Indee ...