Contents Isi
... Rising productivity and reduced transportation cost created structural deflation during the acceleration productivity era of from 1870–1900 [ 6 ] , but there was mild inflation for about a decade before the establishment of the Federal Reserve in 1913. Meningkatnya produktivitas dan biaya transporta ...
... Rising productivity and reduced transportation cost created structural deflation during the acceleration productivity era of from 1870–1900 [ 6 ] , but there was mild inflation for about a decade before the establishment of the Federal Reserve in 1913. Meningkatnya produktivitas dan biaya transporta ...
Advanced Macroeconomics - Juridica – Kolegji Evropian
... factors responsible for creating the equilibrium of the balance of payments, interest rates and inflation. It is hoped that this book’s contents will help students to think, analyze and apply what they have learned. Various industry-related examples such as exchange rate, inflation, domestic output ...
... factors responsible for creating the equilibrium of the balance of payments, interest rates and inflation. It is hoped that this book’s contents will help students to think, analyze and apply what they have learned. Various industry-related examples such as exchange rate, inflation, domestic output ...
The Equilibrium Real Funds Rate: Past, Present and Future
... What is the steady-state value of the real federal funds rate? Is there a new neutral, with a low equilibrium value for the foreseeable future? A consensus seems to be building that the answer to the second question is yes. Starting in 2012 FOMC members have been releasing their own estimates of the ...
... What is the steady-state value of the real federal funds rate? Is there a new neutral, with a low equilibrium value for the foreseeable future? A consensus seems to be building that the answer to the second question is yes. Starting in 2012 FOMC members have been releasing their own estimates of the ...
money market
... Which policy mix favors investment spending over government spending? a. Expansionary fiscal policy and contractionary monetary policy. b. An increase in the money supply and a fall in government purchases. ...
... Which policy mix favors investment spending over government spending? a. Expansionary fiscal policy and contractionary monetary policy. b. An increase in the money supply and a fall in government purchases. ...
NBER WORXING PAPER SERIES REAL RIGIDITIES AND NON-NEUTRALITY OF MONEY Laurence Ball
... Wisconsin, Yale and the NBER; and for financiel support from the NSF. The research reported here is part of the NBER's research program in Economic Fluctuations. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Support from the Lynde and Harr ...
... Wisconsin, Yale and the NBER; and for financiel support from the NSF. The research reported here is part of the NBER's research program in Economic Fluctuations. Any opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Support from the Lynde and Harr ...
Document
... extent, can set its own policies. Effectively, however, the 12 banks act largely in unison on major policy issues, with effective control of major policy decisions resting with the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve System, headquartered in Washington, D. ...
... extent, can set its own policies. Effectively, however, the 12 banks act largely in unison on major policy issues, with effective control of major policy decisions resting with the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve System, headquartered in Washington, D. ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from
... International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditionality be designed with an inflation-targeting country? This paper discusses these monetary policy issues. Its focus, therefore, is more applied. For that purpose, our analysis is based on empirical findings for EMEs and, in particular, on our own experience ...
... International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditionality be designed with an inflation-targeting country? This paper discusses these monetary policy issues. Its focus, therefore, is more applied. For that purpose, our analysis is based on empirical findings for EMEs and, in particular, on our own experience ...
Financial Intermediaries, Leverage Ratios and Business
... The recent global financial crisis has increased the interest in understanding how disruptions in financial intermediation can cause a substantial downturn in real economic activity. The macro literature studying the role of the financial accelerator in macroeconomic fluctuations emphasizes credit c ...
... The recent global financial crisis has increased the interest in understanding how disruptions in financial intermediation can cause a substantial downturn in real economic activity. The macro literature studying the role of the financial accelerator in macroeconomic fluctuations emphasizes credit c ...
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston © o
... variables exist, agreement on their macro effects should be widespread, and the discount rate recommendations should be highly correlated both across District Banks and with actual FOMC policy changes. In fact, most dismount rate changes were advocated without widespread agreement across the differe ...
... variables exist, agreement on their macro effects should be widespread, and the discount rate recommendations should be highly correlated both across District Banks and with actual FOMC policy changes. In fact, most dismount rate changes were advocated without widespread agreement across the differe ...
The Supply and Demand for Safe Assets
... In normal times, lenders do not have incentives to acquire information about the value of privately-produced assets that firms use as collateral for borrowing. Hence, a large volume of assets can be used to sustain borrowing in the economy. As in Gorton and Ordonez (2013a), a ”crisis” occurs when th ...
... In normal times, lenders do not have incentives to acquire information about the value of privately-produced assets that firms use as collateral for borrowing. Hence, a large volume of assets can be used to sustain borrowing in the economy. As in Gorton and Ordonez (2013a), a ”crisis” occurs when th ...
PDF Download
... DSGE literature. Empirical approaches using aggregate time series data have typically been criticized for not having adequately isolated loan supply shocks from loan demand shocks. In fact, as Bernanke and Gertler (1995) and Oliner and Rudebusch (1996) argue, when the economy is hit by a negative sh ...
... DSGE literature. Empirical approaches using aggregate time series data have typically been criticized for not having adequately isolated loan supply shocks from loan demand shocks. In fact, as Bernanke and Gertler (1995) and Oliner and Rudebusch (1996) argue, when the economy is hit by a negative sh ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IS THE U.S. CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
... “The United States is the only major country proclaiming itself indifferent to its currency value. In countries running persistent current account deficits, governments normally -- indeed must – reduce domestic consumption. But so far, the United States has relied on other countries to adjust their ...
... “The United States is the only major country proclaiming itself indifferent to its currency value. In countries running persistent current account deficits, governments normally -- indeed must – reduce domestic consumption. But so far, the United States has relied on other countries to adjust their ...
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System IFDP 1058
... II.A. Overall Currency Growth Has Been Strong The death of cash has often been predicted, and it would seem that demand for currency would thus grow somewhat more slowly than income. Despite a general increase in the variety of payment media as well as increasing noncash means of payment, though, U. ...
... II.A. Overall Currency Growth Has Been Strong The death of cash has often been predicted, and it would seem that demand for currency would thus grow somewhat more slowly than income. Despite a general increase in the variety of payment media as well as increasing noncash means of payment, though, U. ...
"Great Inflation" Lessons for Monetary Policy
... and Switzerland – which, during the 1970s, followed a “hard-money” monetary policy explicitly aimed at keeping inflation under control – casts serious doubt on the “bad luck” explanation of conventional wisdom, according to which the Great Inflation was simply the result of a series of large negativ ...
... and Switzerland – which, during the 1970s, followed a “hard-money” monetary policy explicitly aimed at keeping inflation under control – casts serious doubt on the “bad luck” explanation of conventional wisdom, according to which the Great Inflation was simply the result of a series of large negativ ...
UNDERSTANDING MONETARY POLICY SERIES NO 3 CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA
... (i.e., a 2% inflation target per year), price level targeting actually takes past years into account when conducting open market operations. So, if the price level rose by 2% in the previous year (from a theoretical base of 100 to 102), the price level would have to drop the next year in order to br ...
... (i.e., a 2% inflation target per year), price level targeting actually takes past years into account when conducting open market operations. So, if the price level rose by 2% in the previous year (from a theoretical base of 100 to 102), the price level would have to drop the next year in order to br ...
Temporal Causality between House Prices and Output
... In sum, a small window size reduces heterogeneity and improves the representativeness of parameters, but may reduce parameter accuracy by increasing the standard errors of estimates. A large window size, on the other hand, may improve the accuracy of estimates, but reduces the representativeness of ...
... In sum, a small window size reduces heterogeneity and improves the representativeness of parameters, but may reduce parameter accuracy by increasing the standard errors of estimates. A large window size, on the other hand, may improve the accuracy of estimates, but reduces the representativeness of ...
ExamView Pro - ec1001june2009.tst
... 5. According to a utilitarian, total social utility will be maximized when marginal pounds are distributed to the people with the a. greatest need. b. highest total utility from their income. c. most productive labor resources. d. highest marginal utility of income. 6. In the long run, large and con ...
... 5. According to a utilitarian, total social utility will be maximized when marginal pounds are distributed to the people with the a. greatest need. b. highest total utility from their income. c. most productive labor resources. d. highest marginal utility of income. 6. In the long run, large and con ...
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA MACROECONOMIC
... materials at your own pace and at a time and place that suit you best. Think of it as reading the lecture instead of listening to a lecturer. In the same way that a lecturer might set you some reading to do, the study units tell you when to read your books or other material, and when to embark on di ...
... materials at your own pace and at a time and place that suit you best. Think of it as reading the lecture instead of listening to a lecturer. In the same way that a lecturer might set you some reading to do, the study units tell you when to read your books or other material, and when to embark on di ...
INFLATION DYNAMICS IN VIETNAM Hien Thi Thu Le
... demand could be because consumers are spending more, perhaps because interest rates have fallen, taxes have been cut or simply because there is a greater level of consumer confidence. Furthermore, it could be because by firms who are investing more under the expectation of future economic growth. It ...
... demand could be because consumers are spending more, perhaps because interest rates have fallen, taxes have been cut or simply because there is a greater level of consumer confidence. Furthermore, it could be because by firms who are investing more under the expectation of future economic growth. It ...
Monetary Policy - Central Bank of Nigeria
... everyday language as synonymous, in Economics, wealth is created in an economy through the production and exchange of goods and services. Here, money performs two roles. It facilitates the exchange of goods and services and expresses in a single unit of measurement, the value of the goods and servic ...
... everyday language as synonymous, in Economics, wealth is created in an economy through the production and exchange of goods and services. Here, money performs two roles. It facilitates the exchange of goods and services and expresses in a single unit of measurement, the value of the goods and servic ...
7. Medium-Term Projections
... Euro Area, outlook for credit markets and economic growth remains weak. Meanwhile, uncertainty indices regarding the economic policy in major advanced economies are still at high levels. Overall, although fragilities regarding global economy have eased considerably in the recent period, they remain ...
... Euro Area, outlook for credit markets and economic growth remains weak. Meanwhile, uncertainty indices regarding the economic policy in major advanced economies are still at high levels. Overall, although fragilities regarding global economy have eased considerably in the recent period, they remain ...