Sulfate aerosols in the troposphere and lower stratosphere
... endeavored to increase their production capacity and, in turn, have increased their contribution to global emissions. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from 280 parts per million (ppm) to 380 ppm, and the average global surface temperature has increased by 0.8 ...
... endeavored to increase their production capacity and, in turn, have increased their contribution to global emissions. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from 280 parts per million (ppm) to 380 ppm, and the average global surface temperature has increased by 0.8 ...
Escaping the Last Malthusian Trap
... * 5‐year running average. Emissions data includes CO2 from fossil fuels and cement, with projections for CO2 from land use changes and five non‐CO2 gases (CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6) Source: IEA, CDIAC, OECD, EPA, CEC, World Bank, US Bureau of Economic Analysis, McKinsey analysis ...
... * 5‐year running average. Emissions data includes CO2 from fossil fuels and cement, with projections for CO2 from land use changes and five non‐CO2 gases (CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6) Source: IEA, CDIAC, OECD, EPA, CEC, World Bank, US Bureau of Economic Analysis, McKinsey analysis ...
Thirty years ago, half the developing world lived in extreme poverty
... threatened by inundation. Even our best efforts are unlikely to stabilize temperatures at anything less than 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures, warming that will require substantial adaptation. High-income countries can and must reduce their carbon footprints. They cannot continue to fill up an ...
... threatened by inundation. Even our best efforts are unlikely to stabilize temperatures at anything less than 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures, warming that will require substantial adaptation. High-income countries can and must reduce their carbon footprints. They cannot continue to fill up an ...
Climate Fraud and Carbon Colonialism: The
... Three-quarters of all the CO2 emitted by human activities is from burning fossil fuels.4 The rest mostly comes from deforestation. The IPCC concludes that an immediate reduction of 50 –70 percent of carbon dioxide emissions is necessary to stabilize the concentrations in the atmosphere. In their mos ...
... Three-quarters of all the CO2 emitted by human activities is from burning fossil fuels.4 The rest mostly comes from deforestation. The IPCC concludes that an immediate reduction of 50 –70 percent of carbon dioxide emissions is necessary to stabilize the concentrations in the atmosphere. In their mos ...
Dear Al - Friends of Science
... there is no scientific consensus that the effect of increased greenhouse-gas concentrations on the climate will be as serious as the UN’s reports suggest. But I shall also take some references from the UN’s assessment reports, with apologies that they are more political and less scientific than the ...
... there is no scientific consensus that the effect of increased greenhouse-gas concentrations on the climate will be as serious as the UN’s reports suggest. But I shall also take some references from the UN’s assessment reports, with apologies that they are more political and less scientific than the ...
The impacts of climate change on the risk of natural disasters
... century in the past thousand years. Globally, the 1990s were likely the warmest decade of the past millennium (IPCC, 2001a), and nine out of the 10 warmest years on record occurred between 1995 and 2004 (with 1998, 2002, 2003 and 2004 being the warmest) (WMO, 2004). These changes in temperatures hav ...
... century in the past thousand years. Globally, the 1990s were likely the warmest decade of the past millennium (IPCC, 2001a), and nine out of the 10 warmest years on record occurred between 1995 and 2004 (with 1998, 2002, 2003 and 2004 being the warmest) (WMO, 2004). These changes in temperatures hav ...
Addressing Climate Change Impacts through Disaster Planning
... spurred on through recovery to become more resilient. However, communities that have not yet been impacted by climate changes or have not experienced recent disasters will have difficult time justifying redirecting resources. Resilience planning can be hard to justify, particularly when changes may ...
... spurred on through recovery to become more resilient. However, communities that have not yet been impacted by climate changes or have not experienced recent disasters will have difficult time justifying redirecting resources. Resilience planning can be hard to justify, particularly when changes may ...
SERIE RESEARCH MEMORANDA Clobal Trends and Climate Change Polities
... producing (as can be seen in the environmental Kuznets curve; see De Bruijn and Opschoor, 1997). It should be noted that the implications of these four types of effects for the emission of greenhouse gases in the long term are not at al1 clear, given the overwhelming uncertainty about the impact of ...
... producing (as can be seen in the environmental Kuznets curve; see De Bruijn and Opschoor, 1997). It should be noted that the implications of these four types of effects for the emission of greenhouse gases in the long term are not at al1 clear, given the overwhelming uncertainty about the impact of ...
The Dynamics of Climate Change
... should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.”[2] Moving from linguistics to process, the dynamics of polarisation wer ...
... should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.”[2] Moving from linguistics to process, the dynamics of polarisation wer ...
Elizabeth G. Ferris
... Climate change has, of course, been a part of our planet’s history since its creation. However, since 1970, there has been growing scientific concern about global warming and climate change as a result of human action. Many studies have been carried out and a consensus seems to have emerged in the s ...
... Climate change has, of course, been a part of our planet’s history since its creation. However, since 1970, there has been growing scientific concern about global warming and climate change as a result of human action. Many studies have been carried out and a consensus seems to have emerged in the s ...
PDF
... Little and Mirrlees 1974); see Johansson-Stenman (2005) for a recent discussion. However, these papers are all about equity weighting in the context of national decisionmaking. Fankhauser et al. (1997) introduced equity weights into the discussion on international climate change policy. The aggregat ...
... Little and Mirrlees 1974); see Johansson-Stenman (2005) for a recent discussion. However, these papers are all about equity weighting in the context of national decisionmaking. Fankhauser et al. (1997) introduced equity weights into the discussion on international climate change policy. The aggregat ...
PDF
... 2010). The agriculture sector consists of crops, livestock, fishing and forestry. Major crops include wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane and maize. There are two agricultural seasons in Pakistan named “kharif “and “rabi.” The kharif season refers to the summer growing period from May to November, with t ...
... 2010). The agriculture sector consists of crops, livestock, fishing and forestry. Major crops include wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane and maize. There are two agricultural seasons in Pakistan named “kharif “and “rabi.” The kharif season refers to the summer growing period from May to November, with t ...
Germany - Climate Transparency
... emissions, decarbonisation, climate policy performance and climate finance. The profile summarises the respective findings from, amongst others, the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI, operated by Germanwatch and Climate Action Network Europe), the Climate Action Tracker (CAT, operated by Climat ...
... emissions, decarbonisation, climate policy performance and climate finance. The profile summarises the respective findings from, amongst others, the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI, operated by Germanwatch and Climate Action Network Europe), the Climate Action Tracker (CAT, operated by Climat ...
PowerPoint presentation (PPT file)
... Increased frequency and severity of extreme events Altered amount and delivery of precipitation Longer, more severe drought and prolonged dry periods ...
... Increased frequency and severity of extreme events Altered amount and delivery of precipitation Longer, more severe drought and prolonged dry periods ...
American Academy of Pediatrics • American Heart Association
... On November 2nd, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued its most recent policy assessment of current observations and analyses about the changing climate. The IPCC found: “Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of th ...
... On November 2nd, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued its most recent policy assessment of current observations and analyses about the changing climate. The IPCC found: “Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of th ...
Mitigating Air Pollution and Climate Change
... times) in the absence of any mitigation actions can exceed 2°C.The second problem is that by end of century, the warming can exceed 4°C. The Copenhagen accord recognized 2°C warming as a potential threshold for dangerous interference with the climate system.The lifetime of a CO2 molecule in the atmo ...
... times) in the absence of any mitigation actions can exceed 2°C.The second problem is that by end of century, the warming can exceed 4°C. The Copenhagen accord recognized 2°C warming as a potential threshold for dangerous interference with the climate system.The lifetime of a CO2 molecule in the atmo ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... heat, and in December, when the hot, dry harmattans blow. Major food resources in this region include rice, sorghum, and millet, while tomatoes, onions, and dried fish contribute to local incomes. Low river levels, erratic rainfall, and pest infestations pose a significant risk to food security in t ...
... heat, and in December, when the hot, dry harmattans blow. Major food resources in this region include rice, sorghum, and millet, while tomatoes, onions, and dried fish contribute to local incomes. Low river levels, erratic rainfall, and pest infestations pose a significant risk to food security in t ...
Impact of Climate Change on Pavement Performance: Preliminary Lessons Learned through the Infrastructure and Climate Network (ICNet). Climate Effects on Pavement and Geotechnical Infrastructure.
... increased 160%, as compared to the less than 60% increase without the impact of climate change. The study recommends that, for making long-term predictions and optimizing pavement performance for expected changes, engineers must integrate available climate, pavement and economic (as well as environm ...
... increased 160%, as compared to the less than 60% increase without the impact of climate change. The study recommends that, for making long-term predictions and optimizing pavement performance for expected changes, engineers must integrate available climate, pavement and economic (as well as environm ...
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... In sum, including aviation emissions in the European Trading System for carbon dioxide appears to be neither effective nor efficient. Of course, the first best solution for an emission reduction policy is to have a permit market that covers all emissions, including those from aviation. However, the ...
... In sum, including aviation emissions in the European Trading System for carbon dioxide appears to be neither effective nor efficient. Of course, the first best solution for an emission reduction policy is to have a permit market that covers all emissions, including those from aviation. However, the ...
8-Impacts_climate_variabilitychange
... integrated assessments that will need to be based on earth observation data providing the spatial continuum to be complemented with in-situ observations. (a) Knowledge and methods: Pijanowski, B.C.. et al. (2007), describe very well the need and requirements of integrating climate-land change intera ...
... integrated assessments that will need to be based on earth observation data providing the spatial continuum to be complemented with in-situ observations. (a) Knowledge and methods: Pijanowski, B.C.. et al. (2007), describe very well the need and requirements of integrating climate-land change intera ...
Frequently Asked Questions - Divest
... assets. Investors can invest in clean technology and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar and incorporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors into fossil-free investments in other industries, and move their money to more resilient community investing institutions. All portf ...
... assets. Investors can invest in clean technology and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar and incorporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors into fossil-free investments in other industries, and move their money to more resilient community investing institutions. All portf ...
Climate Data in the NWT
... • 33 communities, many small remote communities without all season roads • in small communities, 50 % of protein derived from country foods • Major industries: mining, oil & gas • All season highways link southern NWT to Alberta and BC, and northern NWT to Yukon • 70 million hectares of forest ...
... • 33 communities, many small remote communities without all season roads • in small communities, 50 % of protein derived from country foods • Major industries: mining, oil & gas • All season highways link southern NWT to Alberta and BC, and northern NWT to Yukon • 70 million hectares of forest ...
Climate Change and Global Health: What are the Governance
... behavior, costs of implementing energy and industrial policies, opposition of vested interests, and the challenge of international coordination across countries at varying stages of development. Therefore, a priority is to create carbon reduction policies with ancillary co-benefits, such as improved ...
... behavior, costs of implementing energy and industrial policies, opposition of vested interests, and the challenge of international coordination across countries at varying stages of development. Therefore, a priority is to create carbon reduction policies with ancillary co-benefits, such as improved ...
THE MONITOR CLIMATE TOURISm
... next few years (Hamilton et al., 2005). However, some niches in the industry grow more slowly than others: ski trips to mountain resorts have been stable over the last decade (Vanat, 2011). The broader industry context suggests that countries are more likely to have the growth of their tourism reven ...
... next few years (Hamilton et al., 2005). However, some niches in the industry grow more slowly than others: ski trips to mountain resorts have been stable over the last decade (Vanat, 2011). The broader industry context suggests that countries are more likely to have the growth of their tourism reven ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.