What Point of Allocation?
... non-existent; yet scientific and economic consensus point to need for a credible approach. • Pressing need for a credible international agreement that is scientifically sound, economically rational, and politically ...
... non-existent; yet scientific and economic consensus point to need for a credible approach. • Pressing need for a credible international agreement that is scientifically sound, economically rational, and politically ...
The challenges of mountain environments: Water
... greenhouse gases, aerosols and ozone are urgently needed. Problems such as haze, smog, and acid deposition fall under the general category of air pollution. The aerosols and high level ozone that results from rural and urban air pollution are part of the global warming issue since they could induce ...
... greenhouse gases, aerosols and ozone are urgently needed. Problems such as haze, smog, and acid deposition fall under the general category of air pollution. The aerosols and high level ozone that results from rural and urban air pollution are part of the global warming issue since they could induce ...
White House Climate Took Kit - Superior Watershed Partnership
... Climate Resilience Toolkit, will also include examples of effective resilience strategies that have been successfully implemented in representative types of cities and towns across the nation. Announcing a Hampton Roads Preparedness and Resilience Exercise Led by the National Security Council and su ...
... Climate Resilience Toolkit, will also include examples of effective resilience strategies that have been successfully implemented in representative types of cities and towns across the nation. Announcing a Hampton Roads Preparedness and Resilience Exercise Led by the National Security Council and su ...
EU views on greenhouse gases and global warming potentials and
... Other issues which need to be taken into account – relevance/ overall impact and resource requirements – time-series consistency ...
... Other issues which need to be taken into account – relevance/ overall impact and resource requirements – time-series consistency ...
“Fertile Crescent” will disappear in this century
... recharge artificial reservoirs. Several counteracting international projects are underway (UNEP, 2001) and the projections of future water availability are indispensable (Alpert, 2004, Alpert et al., 2006, 2007). It is widely accepted that the global and regional scale water cycle has been changing ...
... recharge artificial reservoirs. Several counteracting international projects are underway (UNEP, 2001) and the projections of future water availability are indispensable (Alpert, 2004, Alpert et al., 2006, 2007). It is widely accepted that the global and regional scale water cycle has been changing ...
effects of climate change: the global concern
... effect of global warming and climate change in the GLOFs. The outburst of huge GLOFs may cause enormous loss not only in Nepal that will extend up to North India and Bangladesh. In addition to the threats of GLOFs, the major impacts of climate change are: increased variability of river runoff, incre ...
... effect of global warming and climate change in the GLOFs. The outburst of huge GLOFs may cause enormous loss not only in Nepal that will extend up to North India and Bangladesh. In addition to the threats of GLOFs, the major impacts of climate change are: increased variability of river runoff, incre ...
Clima Futura @ VU -- communicating (unconvenient) science
... difficulty of the game play, where difficulty increases with the value for climate sensitivity. To give an example of game play, we let the player start in 2007, the year the IPCC10 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report was published. In each subsequent round, the player may choose to u ...
... difficulty of the game play, where difficulty increases with the value for climate sensitivity. To give an example of game play, we let the player start in 2007, the year the IPCC10 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report was published. In each subsequent round, the player may choose to u ...
Carbon Emissions, Climate Change, and Impacts in India`s
... decline in winter rainfall in northern India is also projected (Ramesh and Yadava 2005). In this chapter, we focus on carbon emissions, climate change, and their economic and ecological impacts on India’s cities. ...
... decline in winter rainfall in northern India is also projected (Ramesh and Yadava 2005). In this chapter, we focus on carbon emissions, climate change, and their economic and ecological impacts on India’s cities. ...
Scientific Rationale The Pliocene epoch (~ 5.33 to 2.59 Ma) is the
... The Pliocene epoch (~ 5.33 to 2.59 Ma) is the last sustained interval of geological time when global climate (marine and terrestrial) was significant warmer than today (Haywood et al., 2009; Naafs et al., 2010; Dowsett et al., 2012). During the late Pliocene the warm and relatively stable climate of ...
... The Pliocene epoch (~ 5.33 to 2.59 Ma) is the last sustained interval of geological time when global climate (marine and terrestrial) was significant warmer than today (Haywood et al., 2009; Naafs et al., 2010; Dowsett et al., 2012). During the late Pliocene the warm and relatively stable climate of ...
Facts and Projections on Climate Change
... identified as one of the main climate change hot spots (i.e. one of the areas most sensitive to climate change) in the world due to water scarcity, concentration of economic activities in coastal areas and reliance on climate-sensitive agriculture. However, the region itself emits low levels of gree ...
... identified as one of the main climate change hot spots (i.e. one of the areas most sensitive to climate change) in the world due to water scarcity, concentration of economic activities in coastal areas and reliance on climate-sensitive agriculture. However, the region itself emits low levels of gree ...
Adaptation in an era of vanishing territory – the political... of the impact of climate change versus total migration, status...
... strialised nations are committed to stabilize green house gas emissions and provide adaptation fund, the status of a complete population fleeing the impact of climate change was not part of the agenda to the Kyoto Protocol on climate change, which was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997 an ...
... strialised nations are committed to stabilize green house gas emissions and provide adaptation fund, the status of a complete population fleeing the impact of climate change was not part of the agenda to the Kyoto Protocol on climate change, which was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997 an ...
Advantage CP 2 7WK - Open Evidence Archive
... include about $45 billion for retrofitting buildings to increase their energy efficiency significantly; $20 billion to upgrade the public transportation system; $32 billion for building “smart grid” electrical transmissions systems that can, among other things, efficiently use power from renewable s ...
... include about $45 billion for retrofitting buildings to increase their energy efficiency significantly; $20 billion to upgrade the public transportation system; $32 billion for building “smart grid” electrical transmissions systems that can, among other things, efficiently use power from renewable s ...
Managing climate risk using climate-smart agriculture
... distribution of incomes, and thus the demand for agricultural produce (Schmidhuber and Tubiello, 2007). According to the IPCC (2014) report all aspects of food security are potentially hit by climate change, including food access, utilization, and price stability. In order to be able to cope against ...
... distribution of incomes, and thus the demand for agricultural produce (Schmidhuber and Tubiello, 2007). According to the IPCC (2014) report all aspects of food security are potentially hit by climate change, including food access, utilization, and price stability. In order to be able to cope against ...
Powerpoint file
... “Global warming caused by green house gases emitted into the air is a result of the human activities.” “… emission reduction efforts alone are unlikely to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at levels low enough to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” “Accumulat ...
... “Global warming caused by green house gases emitted into the air is a result of the human activities.” “… emission reduction efforts alone are unlikely to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at levels low enough to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” “Accumulat ...
!["The Ethics of Geoengineering" [Working Draft]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017218717_1-5163c0370c435bba986efb4c1c6c458b-300x300.png)
"The Ethics of Geoengineering" [Working Draft]
... which as far as we can tell involves a risk structure (and by and large a moral structure) that is analogous to that associated with the aforementioned technologies. Much of the skepticism surrounding technologies designed to intervene in living systems stems from a misguided view of the causal str ...
... which as far as we can tell involves a risk structure (and by and large a moral structure) that is analogous to that associated with the aforementioned technologies. Much of the skepticism surrounding technologies designed to intervene in living systems stems from a misguided view of the causal str ...
Children`s vulnerability and their capacity as agents for
... on the climate and natural resource base. Climate change will lead to decreased and limited productivity of grasslands, water scarcity and more frequent extreme weather events. Seasonal food insecurity will be severely exacerbated by increasingly adverse weather and climate patterns. In the rural ca ...
... on the climate and natural resource base. Climate change will lead to decreased and limited productivity of grasslands, water scarcity and more frequent extreme weather events. Seasonal food insecurity will be severely exacerbated by increasingly adverse weather and climate patterns. In the rural ca ...
res_5_13_climate_change_0
... benefits that they bring. Governments should ensure that planning for national adaptation is integrated across different sectors and that adequate environmental safeguards are built into adaptation responses across all policy sectors. Projected needs of migratory species should be integrated within ...
... benefits that they bring. Governments should ensure that planning for national adaptation is integrated across different sectors and that adequate environmental safeguards are built into adaptation responses across all policy sectors. Projected needs of migratory species should be integrated within ...
An Eco-Feminist Perspective on the Climate Change Regime
... The need for equity and fairness is a recurring theme in the climate regime. Article 3.1 of the UNFCCC begins with the temporal principle of generational equity. It states that: “The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the bas ...
... The need for equity and fairness is a recurring theme in the climate regime. Article 3.1 of the UNFCCC begins with the temporal principle of generational equity. It states that: “The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the bas ...
Energy Theme Breakdown - Learning for a Sustainable Future
... cannot escape through the atmosphere. Therefore, the Earth heats up further and is warmer than it would be without the greenhouse effect. This warming enables life to exist on this planet and is essential to life. However, this effect has been intensified in recent decades due to an increase in gree ...
... cannot escape through the atmosphere. Therefore, the Earth heats up further and is warmer than it would be without the greenhouse effect. This warming enables life to exist on this planet and is essential to life. However, this effect has been intensified in recent decades due to an increase in gree ...
quantifying the impact of climate change on
... New ground-breaking scientific research in 2014 can now tell us just how much of an influence climate change has on a single heatwave or heat records. Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, with adverse impacts on Australians. Extreme heat is one the ...
... New ground-breaking scientific research in 2014 can now tell us just how much of an influence climate change has on a single heatwave or heat records. Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of many extreme weather events, with adverse impacts on Australians. Extreme heat is one the ...
Slide 1
... Trade-Food Security-Climate Change Linkages Research Questions: A. Considering regional and national trade and climate change policies, how do they have an impact on food security? B. What are the main gaps and contradictions between sectoral policies on the one hand and between national and regiona ...
... Trade-Food Security-Climate Change Linkages Research Questions: A. Considering regional and national trade and climate change policies, how do they have an impact on food security? B. What are the main gaps and contradictions between sectoral policies on the one hand and between national and regiona ...
Phenomenological solar signature in 400 years of reconstructed N. Scafetta
... Earth’s albedo [Pap and Fox, 2004]), since they are only partially known, might be poorly or not modeled at all. [4] To circumvent the lack of knowledge in climate physics, we adopt an alternative approach that attempts to evaluate the total direct plus indirect effect of solar changes on climate by ...
... Earth’s albedo [Pap and Fox, 2004]), since they are only partially known, might be poorly or not modeled at all. [4] To circumvent the lack of knowledge in climate physics, we adopt an alternative approach that attempts to evaluate the total direct plus indirect effect of solar changes on climate by ...
16-page guide to the science of climate change
... where its electromagnetic field is strongest, and “troughs” where it is weakest. Different kinds of EM energy have different wavelengths, which can be visualized as ripples on the surface of a pond. The wavelength of the ripples is the distance from the top of one ripple to the top of the next rippl ...
... where its electromagnetic field is strongest, and “troughs” where it is weakest. Different kinds of EM energy have different wavelengths, which can be visualized as ripples on the surface of a pond. The wavelength of the ripples is the distance from the top of one ripple to the top of the next rippl ...
Will Geoengineering With Solar Radiation Management Ever Be
... construction in general happy with their new situations? How would the planetary governance decision be made as to whether to implement geoengineering, and if so how much? Whose hand would be on the planetary thermostat? Would the decision process be the same successful model used to implement mitig ...
... construction in general happy with their new situations? How would the planetary governance decision be made as to whether to implement geoengineering, and if so how much? Whose hand would be on the planetary thermostat? Would the decision process be the same successful model used to implement mitig ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.