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On Reserve: A Resource for Economic Educators
On Reserve: A Resource for Economic Educators

... Sol, sucre, colon, and gourde. When asked what these words have in common, someone familiar with the French language might quickly respond that they are all French words––but the similarity ends there since their meanings are quite unrelated. (For the curious at heart, sol––in English––is ground, su ...
Optimal monetary policy in an economy with inflation persistence
Optimal monetary policy in an economy with inflation persistence

... Rogo (1996, chapter 10) and Rotemberg and Woodford (1998,1999). ...
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PowerPoint

... corporations”: how to distribute it to the HH and Government sector is not mentioned(?): • NFCs often have a negative net worth, because “net assets < market value of equity issued” • This reflects that shareholders value the company as a whole higher than the sum its (net) assets • The net worth th ...
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The exchange rate and the monetary transmission mechanism in

1. Business cycles are: A) regular and predictable. B) irregular but
1. Business cycles are: A) regular and predictable. B) irregular but

Inflation targeting framework and interest Rates
Inflation targeting framework and interest Rates

... interbank rate falls almost directly with the prime rate but lending rates turns to be sticky downwards. Commercial banks have always attributed these anomalies to default risk associated with loans. For the IT policy to promote saving, investment and economic growth, it should be effective on movem ...
Gerald P. Dwyer Jr.
Gerald P. Dwyer Jr.

... What does the term policy mean? In this article, policy means a plan of action or a strategy. A policy may either be the outcome of some process or it may be a plan designed specifically to further some goal. In either case, dynamic aspects of the economy are sufficiently important that no sensible ...
Money Mkts-ppt
Money Mkts-ppt

Principles of Macro Economics - National Open University of Nigeria
Principles of Macro Economics - National Open University of Nigeria

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Moore lcr08 7952932 en

... In this paper, we provide a model of monetary economy with di¤erences in liquidity across assets. Our purpose is to understand how aggregate production and asset prices ‡uctuate with recurrent shocks to productivity and liquidity. In so doing, we want to …nd out what role government policy might hav ...
Topic VIII
Topic VIII

... reserves from the Fed using their assets (typically short term bonds) as collateral. Common in the early days of the Fed. Rare later On large scale in recent financial crisis. ...
29.3 aggregate demand
29.3 aggregate demand

... Along the aggregate supply curve, the only influence that on production plans that changes is the price level. All the other influences on production plans remain constant. Among these other influences are: • The money wage rate • The money prices of other resources Along the potential GDP line, whe ...
Bank Interest Rates and Loan Determinants
Bank Interest Rates and Loan Determinants

... present value of its future expected return. Variables of scale, such as economic activity or disposable income, accordingly reflect the ability of households to contract debt, since the expectation of higher levels of income, permitting a higher debt burden to be serviced, leads to higher indebtedne ...
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Keynes` Theory of Money and His Attack on the Classical Model

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Estimating the Indian Natural Interest Rate and Evaluating Policy

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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Marvin Goodfriend Working Paper 13580

... In the 1970s, monetary policy was in disarray. The situation in the United States was typical: inflation peaked above 10 percent in 1974 and again in 1980. Many central bankers were pessimistic about the power of monetary policy to reduce inflation, at least at any politically acceptable cost (Burn ...
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Changes in the Federal Reserve`s Inflation Target: Causes and

Has M2 Demand Become Unstable?
Has M2 Demand Become Unstable?

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what was the role of monetary policy in the greek financial crisis

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DOES STABILIZING INFLATION CONTRIBUTE TO STABILIZING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY?
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DOES STABILIZING INFLATION CONTRIBUTE TO STABILIZING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY?

... arise if inflation expectations are well anchored. The oil shocks in the 1970s caused large increases in inflation not only through their direct effects on household energy prices but also through their “second round” effects on the prices of other goods that reflected, in part, expectations of hig ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Peter N. Ireland Working Paper 16420
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Peter N. Ireland Working Paper 16420

... those developed by Ireland (2004, 2007). The modeling strategy thereby follows Canova’s (2009) by using a small-scale model that focuses on three main equations: the New Keynesian IS curve, describing the behavior of a representative household, the New Keynesian Phillips curve, describing the optimi ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BACKWARD-LOOKING INTEREST-RATE RULES, INTEREST-RATE SMOOTHING, AND MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BACKWARD-LOOKING INTEREST-RATE RULES, INTEREST-RATE SMOOTHING, AND MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY

... a backward-looking measure of inflation into the Taylor rule. For plausible parameterizations, we show that under active backward-looking rules attracting equilibrium cycles exist. The existence of attracting cycles represents a severe case of policy induced macroeconomic instability. This is becau ...
Macroeconomic Implication of Currency Management in Nigeria
Macroeconomic Implication of Currency Management in Nigeria

Have We Underestimated the Likelihood and Severity
Have We Underestimated the Likelihood and Severity

... Finally, research in this area suggested that monetary policies could be crafted that would greatly mitigate any effect of the ZLB. Proposed strategies to accomplish this goal included responding more aggressively to economic weakness and falling inflation, or promising to run an easier monetary pol ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints - University of California, Davis
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints - University of California, Davis

... interest rate and demand for goods & services  the Phillips curve, which relates inflation to the gap between output and its natural level, expected inflation, and supply shocks  adaptive expectations, a simple model of inflation expectations CHAPTER 14 ...
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Money supply

In economics, the money supply or money stock, is the total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. There are several ways to define ""money,"" but standard measures usually include currency in circulation and demand deposits (depositors' easily accessed assets on the books of financial institutions).Money supply data are recorded and published, usually by the government or the central bank of the country. Public and private sector analysts have long monitored changes in money supply because of its effects on the price level, inflation, the exchange rate and the business cycle.That relation between money and prices is historically associated with the quantity theory of money. There is strong empirical evidence of a direct relation between money-supply growth and long-term price inflation, at least for rapid increases in the amount of money in the economy. For example, a country such as Zimbabwe which saw extremely rapid increases in its money supply also saw extremely rapid increases in prices (hyperinflation). This is one reason for the reliance on monetary policy as a means of controlling inflation.The nature of this causal chain is the subject of contention. Some heterodox economists argue that the money supply is endogenous (determined by the workings of the economy, not by the central bank) and that the sources of inflation must be found in the distributional structure of the economy.In addition, those economists seeing the central bank's control over the money supply as feeble say that there are two weak links between the growth of the money supply and the inflation rate. First, in the aftermath of a recession, when many resources are underutilized, an increase in the money supply can cause a sustained increase in real production instead of inflation. Second, if the velocity of money (i.e., the ratio between nominal GDP and money supply) changes, an increase in the money supply could have either no effect, an exaggerated effect, or an unpredictable effect on the growth of nominal GDP.
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