Demographic controls of aboveground forest biomass across North
... insights into carbon storage under global change. A key question concerns the degree to which forest biomass is regulated by differences in growth vs. mortality across space. Both of these processes can be affected by spatial variation in environmental conditions, such as climate and soil, as well a ...
... insights into carbon storage under global change. A key question concerns the degree to which forest biomass is regulated by differences in growth vs. mortality across space. Both of these processes can be affected by spatial variation in environmental conditions, such as climate and soil, as well a ...
Gregariousness and school behaviour of pelagic fish
... majority of species is permanently or occasionally (during one life episode or only seasonal) grouped in schools. This behaviour turns out to be of great importance for exploitation: about 70 million tons of the annually ocean fish product (FAO,1995), almost 80 YO, come from gregarious species. Fish ...
... majority of species is permanently or occasionally (during one life episode or only seasonal) grouped in schools. This behaviour turns out to be of great importance for exploitation: about 70 million tons of the annually ocean fish product (FAO,1995), almost 80 YO, come from gregarious species. Fish ...
Mr. Babak - Marion County Public Schools
... The environment may be altered in substantial ways through the activities of organisms, including humans, or when the climate changes. Although these alterations are sometimes abrupt (ex. Natural disasters), in most cases species replace others, resulting in long-term gradual changes in ecosystems. ...
... The environment may be altered in substantial ways through the activities of organisms, including humans, or when the climate changes. Although these alterations are sometimes abrupt (ex. Natural disasters), in most cases species replace others, resulting in long-term gradual changes in ecosystems. ...
NATURAL HISTORY OF AMAZON FISHES
... these unique environments have been strongly threatened by construction of hydroelectric dams, which changed rapids stretches into enormous artificial lakes, with environmental conditions (water flow, dissolved oxygen content, temperature, substrate, biological productivity) very different from the ...
... these unique environments have been strongly threatened by construction of hydroelectric dams, which changed rapids stretches into enormous artificial lakes, with environmental conditions (water flow, dissolved oxygen content, temperature, substrate, biological productivity) very different from the ...
Impacts of Hypoxia on a Key Infaunal Species and its Predators in
... …The one process ongoing in the 1980s that will take millions of years to correct is the loss of genetic and species diversity by the destruction of natural habitats… (E.O. Wilson, 1985) …rates of resource collapse increased, and recovery potential, stability, and water quality decreased exponential ...
... …The one process ongoing in the 1980s that will take millions of years to correct is the loss of genetic and species diversity by the destruction of natural habitats… (E.O. Wilson, 1985) …rates of resource collapse increased, and recovery potential, stability, and water quality decreased exponential ...
Using the ESS Maximum Principle to Explore Root
... the inequalities (7) or (8), species must then change types at such a point. That is, a species must switch from a light-limited type to a nutrient-limited type or vice versa while maintaining the same strategy value. However, we do not have to deal with this difficulty since we use eqn (1) in our s ...
... the inequalities (7) or (8), species must then change types at such a point. That is, a species must switch from a light-limited type to a nutrient-limited type or vice versa while maintaining the same strategy value. However, we do not have to deal with this difficulty since we use eqn (1) in our s ...
TAUTOG Tautoga onitis Sometimes known as Blackfish, White Chin
... It is likely that the population size of Tautog is highly dependent on the quantity and quality of food and shelter (ASMFC 1996). Tautog is most often found in shallow waters where they can better avoid predation and find food (Dorf and Powell 1997; Arendt 1999). Juveniles reside in habitats that pr ...
... It is likely that the population size of Tautog is highly dependent on the quantity and quality of food and shelter (ASMFC 1996). Tautog is most often found in shallow waters where they can better avoid predation and find food (Dorf and Powell 1997; Arendt 1999). Juveniles reside in habitats that pr ...
simplifying the study of competition at the individual plant level
... In a simple conceptual model of competition for resources the net interaction between plants is broken down into two distinct components: competitive effect on resources, or the rate at which resources are depleted by neighbouring plants, and competitive response to resources, or the degree to which ...
... In a simple conceptual model of competition for resources the net interaction between plants is broken down into two distinct components: competitive effect on resources, or the rate at which resources are depleted by neighbouring plants, and competitive response to resources, or the degree to which ...
Power, M.E., D. Tilman, J.A. Estes, B.A. Menge, W.J. Bond, L.S. Mills
... effect on the composition and/or species are most likely t o occur near functioning of communities and eco- the top of the food chain. T o p predasystems. O u r intuition and limited tors typically have high per capita experience suggest that only a small effects and low collective biomass, proporti ...
... effect on the composition and/or species are most likely t o occur near functioning of communities and eco- the top of the food chain. T o p predasystems. O u r intuition and limited tors typically have high per capita experience suggest that only a small effects and low collective biomass, proporti ...
species diversity
... • provide more information about community composition than simply species richness (i.e., the number of species present) • take the relative abundances of different ...
... • provide more information about community composition than simply species richness (i.e., the number of species present) • take the relative abundances of different ...
Population size and the risk of local extinction: empirical evidence
... of populations regardless of their demographic characteristics. There are several possible explanations for the observed relationship. First, there could have been a general deterministic decline in population sizes in the study area due to habitat deterioration. For a given decline, small populatio ...
... of populations regardless of their demographic characteristics. There are several possible explanations for the observed relationship. First, there could have been a general deterministic decline in population sizes in the study area due to habitat deterioration. For a given decline, small populatio ...
midwest furbearer group
... phenomena including, habitat use, mate finding, genetic structure of populations and ultimately viability of populations. Furthermore, this marten population remained restricted for decades after reintroduction and one hypothesis for that limited population growth was that human land use and activit ...
... phenomena including, habitat use, mate finding, genetic structure of populations and ultimately viability of populations. Furthermore, this marten population remained restricted for decades after reintroduction and one hypothesis for that limited population growth was that human land use and activit ...
Costs and benefits of biological control of invasive alien
... control research that was conducted on the plants, the rate at which each of these species spreads in the absence of biological control, and the degree to which spread has been arrested or reversed by biological control. This, in turn, was used to estimate the extent to which the species would have ...
... control research that was conducted on the plants, the rate at which each of these species spreads in the absence of biological control, and the degree to which spread has been arrested or reversed by biological control. This, in turn, was used to estimate the extent to which the species would have ...
Asymmetric competition between plant species
... sterilis and Papaver rhoeas. A detailed description of the experiment is given elsewhere (Lintell Smith et al. 1999). The experiment consisted of 48 3 × 3 m plots marked out in an area of field (36 × 48 m) that had been ploughed and rolled prior to the start of the experiment. Plots were separated b ...
... sterilis and Papaver rhoeas. A detailed description of the experiment is given elsewhere (Lintell Smith et al. 1999). The experiment consisted of 48 3 × 3 m plots marked out in an area of field (36 × 48 m) that had been ploughed and rolled prior to the start of the experiment. Plots were separated b ...
Genetic Considerations in Broodstock Selection for Oyster
... Maybe yes, in the short term, but what about longer term? Risks of inbreeding? ...
... Maybe yes, in the short term, but what about longer term? Risks of inbreeding? ...
Biodiversity effects on productivity and stability of marine macroalgal
... 2008). To date, we know little of the role of environmental context on richnessproduction relationships outside of terrestrial plant and microbial communities, and marine systems have received almost no attention on this topic (Worm et al. 2006, Stachowicz et al. 2007). Environmental variability is ...
... 2008). To date, we know little of the role of environmental context on richnessproduction relationships outside of terrestrial plant and microbial communities, and marine systems have received almost no attention on this topic (Worm et al. 2006, Stachowicz et al. 2007). Environmental variability is ...
... Starting in 1982, striped bass were stocked by the Department of Fish and Game (DFG), largely as mitigation for various projects, in an effort to maintain the population in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary. The DFG stopped stocking in 1993 due to concerns that stocking of striped bass was adding p ...
File
... live close together in groups to facilitate mating, gain protection, or access food resources; uniform dispersion— territoriality and intraspecies competition for limited resources lead to individuals living at specific distances from one another 4. population density is a measurement of the number ...
... live close together in groups to facilitate mating, gain protection, or access food resources; uniform dispersion— territoriality and intraspecies competition for limited resources lead to individuals living at specific distances from one another 4. population density is a measurement of the number ...
Temperate rocky subtidal reef community reveals human impacts
... short average path between species, the impact of disturbances could rapidly propagate throughout the entire ecosystem. This result is in good agreement with the recent historical compilation of food webs reported by Sala (2004) for the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, there are still comparatively few ...
... short average path between species, the impact of disturbances could rapidly propagate throughout the entire ecosystem. This result is in good agreement with the recent historical compilation of food webs reported by Sala (2004) for the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, there are still comparatively few ...
otters - Outdoor Alabama
... populations are confined to water courses, lakes, and wetlands, and therefore, population densities are lower than those of terrestrial species. Their extirpation from many areas is believed to have been related more to poisoning by pesticides bio‐ magnified in fishes, and to the indirect advers ...
... populations are confined to water courses, lakes, and wetlands, and therefore, population densities are lower than those of terrestrial species. Their extirpation from many areas is believed to have been related more to poisoning by pesticides bio‐ magnified in fishes, and to the indirect advers ...
View the PDF - Center for Food Safety
... The development of national organic standards for aquaculture can go a long way toward reversing the environmental and human health impacts associated with current industrial aquaculture production methods. Applying the holistic approach of organic system management to aquaculture can yield signific ...
... The development of national organic standards for aquaculture can go a long way toward reversing the environmental and human health impacts associated with current industrial aquaculture production methods. Applying the holistic approach of organic system management to aquaculture can yield signific ...
Human-Induced Trophic Cascades along the Fecal Detritus Pathway
... Alternatively, predator-mediated reduction in herbivore fecal resource availability may instigate four-level trophic cascades along the fecal detritus web. For example, mammal overhunting in tropical forests is predicted to negatively impact fecal detritivore communities by reducing the diversity an ...
... Alternatively, predator-mediated reduction in herbivore fecal resource availability may instigate four-level trophic cascades along the fecal detritus web. For example, mammal overhunting in tropical forests is predicted to negatively impact fecal detritivore communities by reducing the diversity an ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.