On connecting climate change with security and armed conflicts.
... As noted in this report, a limitation of the great bulk of studies investigating the implications of climate change on security is that they mainly emerge from historical analyses. Moreover, a number of these historically based studies are derived on the basis of the interlinkages between altered na ...
... As noted in this report, a limitation of the great bulk of studies investigating the implications of climate change on security is that they mainly emerge from historical analyses. Moreover, a number of these historically based studies are derived on the basis of the interlinkages between altered na ...
Dominating the Antarctic environment - Research Online
... Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] ...
... Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] ...
Climate Change and the Clean Air Act
... judgment, they "cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare."51 The Act defines "welfare" to include effects on "climate" and "weather."52 Physical or chemical matter that is emitted into the ambient air is an "air pollutant" under ...
... judgment, they "cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare."51 The Act defines "welfare" to include effects on "climate" and "weather."52 Physical or chemical matter that is emitted into the ambient air is an "air pollutant" under ...
About this Sourcebook - Stockholm Environment Institute
... The negative impacts of climate change are likely to be most serious in the tropics and subtropics, where the majority of developing countries are located and where the capacity to adapt to changes is most limited; it is widely accepted that developing countries are largely maladapted to future clim ...
... The negative impacts of climate change are likely to be most serious in the tropics and subtropics, where the majority of developing countries are located and where the capacity to adapt to changes is most limited; it is widely accepted that developing countries are largely maladapted to future clim ...
Quantifying Mineral Dust Mass Budgets:Terminology
... The relative importance of these categories varies regionally and temporally.The aerosol modeling community must first objectively identify and distinguish all useful categories of dust emissions,i.e.,“natural,” “anthropogenic,” and so forth.A more precise taxonomy will facilitate model intercompari ...
... The relative importance of these categories varies regionally and temporally.The aerosol modeling community must first objectively identify and distinguish all useful categories of dust emissions,i.e.,“natural,” “anthropogenic,” and so forth.A more precise taxonomy will facilitate model intercompari ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES OF CALIFORNIA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
... California's Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 limits California's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2020 to their 1990 level. Global climate change is a pressing environmental problem, and the best possible public policies will be required to address it. Therefore, analyses of prospective polici ...
... California's Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 limits California's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2020 to their 1990 level. Global climate change is a pressing environmental problem, and the best possible public policies will be required to address it. Therefore, analyses of prospective polici ...
Tracking adaptation and measuring development
... Climate change is changing the contexts in which development takes place by changing the nature and intensity of climate-related risks, and through the impacts of evolving climate-related risks on people’s vulnerability. Current development interventions that fail to address climate change, and curr ...
... Climate change is changing the contexts in which development takes place by changing the nature and intensity of climate-related risks, and through the impacts of evolving climate-related risks on people’s vulnerability. Current development interventions that fail to address climate change, and curr ...
Transformational Adaptation: Concepts, Examples, and their
... underwent a transition from relatively humid conditions to desert. During this period, human populations in the northern hemisphere sub-tropics adapted to increased aridity and a decline in resource availability through a combination of increased mobility based on extensive grazing (where this enab ...
... underwent a transition from relatively humid conditions to desert. During this period, human populations in the northern hemisphere sub-tropics adapted to increased aridity and a decline in resource availability through a combination of increased mobility based on extensive grazing (where this enab ...
Lecture 3 CIP Module Montreal Conference Draft
... Section B examines the “Getting Started” activities, or Step 1, in CIP’s framework. These are the methods for building public and official support for planning activities. Section C presents methods to analyse how the climate will change in the local area. A key concern here is how to establish and ...
... Section B examines the “Getting Started” activities, or Step 1, in CIP’s framework. These are the methods for building public and official support for planning activities. Section C presents methods to analyse how the climate will change in the local area. A key concern here is how to establish and ...
why every european country needs a coal phase
... respected New Energy Finance analyst group publishes updated costs for all power generation types every quarter. In October 2015 it said, ‘onshore wind and solar PV are both now much more competitive against the established generation technologies than would have seemed possible only five or 10 year ...
... respected New Energy Finance analyst group publishes updated costs for all power generation types every quarter. In October 2015 it said, ‘onshore wind and solar PV are both now much more competitive against the established generation technologies than would have seemed possible only five or 10 year ...
WHITE PAPER Climate Change Adaptation in the Nordic Countries
... For many decades, climate policy debates focused on how to curb greenhouse gas emissions. This remains an urgent priority, but it is also clear that some warming – at least 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels – is now inevitable due to historical emissions, and even more is likely given the slow pace ...
... For many decades, climate policy debates focused on how to curb greenhouse gas emissions. This remains an urgent priority, but it is also clear that some warming – at least 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels – is now inevitable due to historical emissions, and even more is likely given the slow pace ...
Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability
... capacities. In some cases there may be scope to assist the adaptation of vulnerable systems and species, and work should proceed on identifying the most effective options. The threat from climate change should be explicitly factored into planning and actions undertaken under a range of existing init ...
... capacities. In some cases there may be scope to assist the adaptation of vulnerable systems and species, and work should proceed on identifying the most effective options. The threat from climate change should be explicitly factored into planning and actions undertaken under a range of existing init ...
here - DeSmogBlog
... anti-science or “advocacy science” uses OpEds, blogs, newsletters and personal attacks on scientists. It is fake “advocacy science” designed to confuse non-scientists, often for financial and/or ideological reasons. Modern anti-science was Merchants of Doubt created by the tobacco industry in the 19 ...
... anti-science or “advocacy science” uses OpEds, blogs, newsletters and personal attacks on scientists. It is fake “advocacy science” designed to confuse non-scientists, often for financial and/or ideological reasons. Modern anti-science was Merchants of Doubt created by the tobacco industry in the 19 ...
Vulnerability of Fraser River Sockeye salmon to climate change
... The Fraser River (as well as several other BC salmon systems) has experienced an average increase in peak summer water temperature of >1.5°C over the past 40 yrs. Eight of the past 10 summers have been the warmest on record and climate models predict even warmer peak temperatures in the near future, ...
... The Fraser River (as well as several other BC salmon systems) has experienced an average increase in peak summer water temperature of >1.5°C over the past 40 yrs. Eight of the past 10 summers have been the warmest on record and climate models predict even warmer peak temperatures in the near future, ...
Washing Away Our Heritage: The Impacts of Rising Sea
... histories. For instance, hurricanes Hugo and Sandy both had major impacts on Charleston and Boston, respectively. These hurricanes could be used as examples for what may happen in the future to these cities on a worse scale, if adaptive measures are not taken. Boston has numerous works written on th ...
... histories. For instance, hurricanes Hugo and Sandy both had major impacts on Charleston and Boston, respectively. These hurricanes could be used as examples for what may happen in the future to these cities on a worse scale, if adaptive measures are not taken. Boston has numerous works written on th ...
Report
... federal program to enact this bill, we were left with many choices about how to fulfill its requirements. Climate change adaptation is a nascent field, so NOAA would need to first define “adaptation” and then begin to build the expertise that will be at the center of adaptation planning. We determin ...
... federal program to enact this bill, we were left with many choices about how to fulfill its requirements. Climate change adaptation is a nascent field, so NOAA would need to first define “adaptation” and then begin to build the expertise that will be at the center of adaptation planning. We determin ...
Proceedings of the European Conference on Biodiversity and
... Climate change is arguably one of the most significant conservation challenges of the 21st century. Not only will there be direct climate change with effects on biodiversity but also societal mitigation and adaptation measures may seriously impact on biodiversity. In the light of a changing climate ...
... Climate change is arguably one of the most significant conservation challenges of the 21st century. Not only will there be direct climate change with effects on biodiversity but also societal mitigation and adaptation measures may seriously impact on biodiversity. In the light of a changing climate ...
PRODUCTION FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF THE SENSITIVITY OF
... impacts of highlighted increases in solar radiation levels. Results also showed that for the semi-dry regions of South Africa, early growth stages of the maize crop would be mostly affected by decreases in rainfall whilst for the wet eastern regions the forecasted drier conditions would affect mostl ...
... impacts of highlighted increases in solar radiation levels. Results also showed that for the semi-dry regions of South Africa, early growth stages of the maize crop would be mostly affected by decreases in rainfall whilst for the wet eastern regions the forecasted drier conditions would affect mostl ...
PDF - IPCC Working Group II
... for the 30-Year Period 1970−1999.....................................................................................11 ...
... for the 30-Year Period 1970−1999.....................................................................................11 ...
Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept?
... would be very costly to change as knowledge increases is unlikely to be optimal. A key point about any of the aforementioned strategies is that they involve more than the implementation of a set of technical measures. Hazard risk reduction and adaptation to climate change are an ongoing and iterativ ...
... would be very costly to change as knowledge increases is unlikely to be optimal. A key point about any of the aforementioned strategies is that they involve more than the implementation of a set of technical measures. Hazard risk reduction and adaptation to climate change are an ongoing and iterativ ...
Impacts of climate change on disadvantaged UK coastal communities
... being less able to obtain insurance. The research also highlights a potential lack of adaptive capacity in agencies, which is likely to increase the vulnerability of disadvantaged coastal communities to climate change. Adaptation of coastal communities should be a key policy priority and it is likel ...
... being less able to obtain insurance. The research also highlights a potential lack of adaptive capacity in agencies, which is likely to increase the vulnerability of disadvantaged coastal communities to climate change. Adaptation of coastal communities should be a key policy priority and it is likel ...
Politics of global warming
The politics of global warming are complex due to numerous factors that arise from the global economy's interdependence on carbon dioxide emitting hydrocarbon energy sources and because carbon dioxide is directly implicated in global warming - making global warming a non-traditional environmental challenge:Implications to all aspects of a nation-state's economy - The vast majority of the world economy relies on energy sources or manufacturing techniques that release greenhouse gases at almost every stage of production, transportation, storage, delivery & disposal while a consensus of the world's scientists attribute global warming to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. This intimate linkage between global warming and economic vitality implicates almost every aspect of a nation-state's economy; Perceived lack of adequate advanced energy technologies - Fossil fuel abundance and low prices continue to put pressure on the development of adequate advanced energy technologies that can realistically replace the role of fossil fuels - as of 2010, over 91% of the worlds energy is derived from fossil fuels and non carbon-neutral technologies. Developing countries do not have cost effective access to the advanced energy technologies that they need for development (most advanced technologies has been developed by and exist in the developed world). Without adequate and cost effective post-hydrocarbon energy sources, it is unlikely the countries of the developed or developing world would accept policies that would materially affect their economic vitality or economic development prospects;Industrialization of the developing world - As developing nations industrialize their energy needs increase and since conventional energy sources produce carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide emissions of developing countries are beginning to rise at a time when the scientific community, global governance institutions and advocacy groups are telling the world that carbon dioxide emissions should be decreasing. Without access to cost effective and abundant energy sources many developing countries see climate change as a hindrance to their unfettered economic development;Metric selection (transparency) and perceived responsibility / ability to respond - Among the countries of the world, disagreements exist over which greenhouse gas emission metrics should be used like total emissions per year, per capita emissions per year, CO2 emissions only, deforestation emissions, livestock emissions or even total historical emissions. Historically, the release of carbon dioxide has not been historically even among all nation-states and nation-states have challenges with determining who should restrict emissions and at what point of their industrial development they should be subject to such commitments;Vulnerable developing countries and developed country legacy emissions - Some developing nations blame the developed world for having created the global warming crisis because it was the developed countries that emitted most of the carbon dioxide over the twentieth century and vulnerable countries perceive that it should be the developed countries that should pay to address the challenge;Consensus-driven global governance models - The global governance institutions that evolved during the 20th century are all consensus driven deliberative forums where agreement is difficult to achieve and even when agreement is achieved it is almost impossible to enforce;Well organized and funded special-interest lobbying bodies - Special interest lobbying by well organized groups distort and amplify aspects of the challenge (environmental lobbying, energy industry lobbying, other special interest lobbying);Politicization of climate science - Although there is a consensus on the science of global warming and its likely effects - some special interests groups work to suppress the consensus while others work to amplify the alarm of global warming. All parties that engage in such acts add to the politicization of the science of global warming. The result is a clouding of the reality of the global warming problem.The focus areas for global warming politics are Adaptation, Mitigation, Finance, Technology and Losses which are well quantified and studied but the urgency of the global warming challenge combined with the implication to almost every facet of a nation-state's economic interests places significant burdens on the established largely-voluntary global institutions that have developed over the last century; institutions that have been unable to effectively reshape themselves and move fast enough to deal with this unique challenge. Rapidly developing countries who see traditional energy sources as a means to fuel their development, well funded aggressive environmental lobbying groups and an established fossil fuel energy paradigm boasting a mature and sophisticated political lobbying infrastructure all combine to make global warming politics extremely polarized. Distrust between developed and developing countries at most international conferences that seek to address the topic add to the challenges. Further adding to the complexity is the advent of the Internet and the development of media technologies like blogs and other mechanisms for disseminating information that enable the exponential growth in production and dissemination of competing points of view which make it nearly impossible for the development and dissemination of an objective view into the enormity of the subject matter and its politics.