From Impacts Assessment to Adaptation Priorities: the Shaping of
... The fact that adaptation was not seen as an immediate priority is reflected in the articles of the UNFCCC cited in the definition of the stages. Also, only in Article 4.1(b) of the UNFCCC is any reference made to implementation of adaptation, and this apparently refers to measures "to facilitate ade ...
... The fact that adaptation was not seen as an immediate priority is reflected in the articles of the UNFCCC cited in the definition of the stages. Also, only in Article 4.1(b) of the UNFCCC is any reference made to implementation of adaptation, and this apparently refers to measures "to facilitate ade ...
Northeast Regional Hub Vulnerability Assessment Final
... Ocean temperatures are also rising, changing the range of suitable habitat for many commercially important fish and shellfish species. Native American communities are observing a range shift in their traditional foods gathered from the forests (Lynn et al., 2013), which may lead to negative health a ...
... Ocean temperatures are also rising, changing the range of suitable habitat for many commercially important fish and shellfish species. Native American communities are observing a range shift in their traditional foods gathered from the forests (Lynn et al., 2013), which may lead to negative health a ...
Climate Change Impacts and Spatial Planning Decision Support
... different challenge, one which most planners will be aware of, but may not have sufficient information, time or guidance to consider fully. Concentrating on climate change adaptation (as opposed to climate change mitigation), this guidance document presents a series of tools which can be used to ass ...
... different challenge, one which most planners will be aware of, but may not have sufficient information, time or guidance to consider fully. Concentrating on climate change adaptation (as opposed to climate change mitigation), this guidance document presents a series of tools which can be used to ass ...
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Green Paper
... greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will be around 1000 part per million (ppm) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) in the second half of the century compared to 384 ppm in 2005 and 280 ppm in pre‑industrial times.4 Such a concentration is expected to have severe impacts on our environment. Under a h ...
... greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will be around 1000 part per million (ppm) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) in the second half of the century compared to 384 ppm in 2005 and 280 ppm in pre‑industrial times.4 Such a concentration is expected to have severe impacts on our environment. Under a h ...
Working Paper 183 - Averchenkova et al (opens in new window)
... not necessarily reveal any of those actions. As mentioned by Agrawala et al (2011) many actions undertaken by businesses to improve their resilience or manage environmental or climate risks may be part of their standard risk management processes and will not be explicitly labelled as adaptation. The ...
... not necessarily reveal any of those actions. As mentioned by Agrawala et al (2011) many actions undertaken by businesses to improve their resilience or manage environmental or climate risks may be part of their standard risk management processes and will not be explicitly labelled as adaptation. The ...
Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda
... economic level, the world’s 50 largest cities alone have a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $9.6 trillion, more than all of China, and second only to the entire U.S. economy. Cities offer dynamism, scale, stronger linkages, and a greater sense of urgency among residents and their local leade ...
... economic level, the world’s 50 largest cities alone have a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $9.6 trillion, more than all of China, and second only to the entire U.S. economy. Cities offer dynamism, scale, stronger linkages, and a greater sense of urgency among residents and their local leade ...
Making agriculture in Africa climate-smart
... well as multidisciplinary and multisectoral mechanisms and their interdependence. This makes it increasingly difficult to tease them apart (Neely and Dixon, 2006). Some of the “labels” currently used relate to practices at farm level (for instance, sustainable intensification), whereas some others r ...
... well as multidisciplinary and multisectoral mechanisms and their interdependence. This makes it increasingly difficult to tease them apart (Neely and Dixon, 2006). Some of the “labels” currently used relate to practices at farm level (for instance, sustainable intensification), whereas some others r ...
1a. global climate change and coral reefs: rising temperatures
... difficult to achieve without technological breakthroughs; nevertheless, temperatures will continue to rise and impact coral growth. Without concerted and immediate international actions we risk long lasting destruction of coral reefs. 2. Reefs will persist longer under the climate change stresses i ...
... difficult to achieve without technological breakthroughs; nevertheless, temperatures will continue to rise and impact coral growth. Without concerted and immediate international actions we risk long lasting destruction of coral reefs. 2. Reefs will persist longer under the climate change stresses i ...
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE TOURISM SECTOR
... for tourism. Lise and Tol (2002), using cross-section data, undertook a cross-section analysis on tourists originating in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, and found that the optimal temperature for their destination countries ranged from 21⁰C to 24⁰C. The impli ...
... for tourism. Lise and Tol (2002), using cross-section data, undertook a cross-section analysis on tourists originating in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, and found that the optimal temperature for their destination countries ranged from 21⁰C to 24⁰C. The impli ...
Constraining temperature variations over the last
... shown in Fig. 1 that serve as the primary input to our study. Proxy data from different archives such as trees, lakes and ocean sediments, corals, boreholes, ice cores and historical documentary evidence reveal variations in climate during the last millennium (Esper et al. 2002; Folland et al. 2001; ...
... shown in Fig. 1 that serve as the primary input to our study. Proxy data from different archives such as trees, lakes and ocean sediments, corals, boreholes, ice cores and historical documentary evidence reveal variations in climate during the last millennium (Esper et al. 2002; Folland et al. 2001; ...
Restoration of peatlands and greenhouse gas balances
... the conditions that are essential for the formation and growth of the peatland. Additionally, factors such as climate change and eutrophication could impede or reduce peat formation at the local or global level. Thus, in contrast to past conditions, it is not always certain that the conditions favou ...
... the conditions that are essential for the formation and growth of the peatland. Additionally, factors such as climate change and eutrophication could impede or reduce peat formation at the local or global level. Thus, in contrast to past conditions, it is not always certain that the conditions favou ...
Climate Change Adaptation for Smallholder Farmers in Southeast Asia
... al. 2007, IPCC 2007a), is happening now, and is already affecting many natural systems around the world (IPCC 2007a). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) declared in its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) that climate change is unequivocal (IPCC 2007a), evidenced by observed changes in s ...
... al. 2007, IPCC 2007a), is happening now, and is already affecting many natural systems around the world (IPCC 2007a). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) declared in its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) that climate change is unequivocal (IPCC 2007a), evidenced by observed changes in s ...
Proposal - Global Social Observatory
... specific examples of successful partnering initiatives and how to take these collaborations to a more advanced level. It should be supported by a multi-stakeholder steering group to select from among different issue areas and to engage in critical evaluations of partnering requirements. It should ta ...
... specific examples of successful partnering initiatives and how to take these collaborations to a more advanced level. It should be supported by a multi-stakeholder steering group to select from among different issue areas and to engage in critical evaluations of partnering requirements. It should ta ...
Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
... new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used in this study are from entirely open sources. Moving forward, the Committee hopes that these two new reports will help foster an ethos in which all research in this area is conducted openly, responsibly, and with transpare ...
... new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used in this study are from entirely open sources. Moving forward, the Committee hopes that these two new reports will help foster an ethos in which all research in this area is conducted openly, responsibly, and with transpare ...
Outline of implementation plan of Semi
... These areas are most vulnerable in global environmental change. These areas are also known as the major source of dust aerosols, which not only directly causes serious damage to human health, agriculture and economics in regions, but also to other regions through long distance transport of huge amou ...
... These areas are most vulnerable in global environmental change. These areas are also known as the major source of dust aerosols, which not only directly causes serious damage to human health, agriculture and economics in regions, but also to other regions through long distance transport of huge amou ...
- Europa EU
... but the necessary coordination mechanisms are often lacking (World Bank 2010a). Furthermore, there is a risk that NAPAs and other project-based instruments are developed in parallel with, and insufficiently integrated in, national development and poverty reduction strategies (Fankhauser & Schmidt-Tr ...
... but the necessary coordination mechanisms are often lacking (World Bank 2010a). Furthermore, there is a risk that NAPAs and other project-based instruments are developed in parallel with, and insufficiently integrated in, national development and poverty reduction strategies (Fankhauser & Schmidt-Tr ...
text - Tilburg University
... severe consequences of the climate change.17 Some of those effects we can observe already, however the alarming rate of environmental change will sharper them, and more than likely bring new ones. There is full consent among scientists that global temperatures will continue to rise through the follo ...
... severe consequences of the climate change.17 Some of those effects we can observe already, however the alarming rate of environmental change will sharper them, and more than likely bring new ones. There is full consent among scientists that global temperatures will continue to rise through the follo ...
PDF
... Buongiorno (1997) explored forest management with financial, carbon-storage and biodiversity objectives. Each objective was maximized in isolation, with compromise policies derived by maximizing carbon uptake or diversity subject to a specific requirement on financial returns. When each objective fu ...
... Buongiorno (1997) explored forest management with financial, carbon-storage and biodiversity objectives. Each objective was maximized in isolation, with compromise policies derived by maximizing carbon uptake or diversity subject to a specific requirement on financial returns. When each objective fu ...
Integrating Climate Change into Strategic Environmental Assessment in Ireland A Guidance Note
... system is unequivocal” (IPCC 2013). Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have already triggered substantial and long-lived change, bringing about atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations that are “unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years”. Climate policy must move to limit carbon em ...
... system is unequivocal” (IPCC 2013). Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have already triggered substantial and long-lived change, bringing about atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations that are “unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years”. Climate policy must move to limit carbon em ...
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MAIN AGRICULTURE CROPS IN
... more appropriate as the scale of interest becomes broader. It is also at these broader scales that climate projections are most available and reliable, and therefore statistical models are likely to continue to play an important role in anticipating future impacts of climate change [30]. Projecting ...
... more appropriate as the scale of interest becomes broader. It is also at these broader scales that climate projections are most available and reliable, and therefore statistical models are likely to continue to play an important role in anticipating future impacts of climate change [30]. Projecting ...
Climate Change Futures: Health, Ecological and Economic
... modicum of predictability. Doing so, however, requires a more sustainable energy mix that takes into account health and environmental concerns, as well as economic feasibility to power our common future. At this time, energy prices and supplies, political conflicts and climate instability are conver ...
... modicum of predictability. Doing so, however, requires a more sustainable energy mix that takes into account health and environmental concerns, as well as economic feasibility to power our common future. At this time, energy prices and supplies, political conflicts and climate instability are conver ...
Major Emitters Among Hardest Hit by Ocean Acidification
... acidity of the ocean. The 25 most vulnerable nations identified in this analysis account for just over 37 percent of the global population. Six of the ten largest CO2 emitters are among the 25 nations most vulnerable to ocean acidification. These include China, the United States, Japan, Canada, Unit ...
... acidity of the ocean. The 25 most vulnerable nations identified in this analysis account for just over 37 percent of the global population. Six of the ten largest CO2 emitters are among the 25 nations most vulnerable to ocean acidification. These include China, the United States, Japan, Canada, Unit ...
D Draft Dis scussion n Paper
... 0.15 ) index for Asia Pacific countries in 2007. Information on funding gaps and needs are more widely available for other regions though. In Asia, a recent report by Price Waterhouse Coopers (2014) stated that between 2010 and 2020, Asia will need to spend approximately US$8 trillion in infrastruct ...
... 0.15 ) index for Asia Pacific countries in 2007. Information on funding gaps and needs are more widely available for other regions though. In Asia, a recent report by Price Waterhouse Coopers (2014) stated that between 2010 and 2020, Asia will need to spend approximately US$8 trillion in infrastruct ...
Deconstructing the BRICS: Bargaining Coalition
... are either willing or able to translate their combined economic prowess into collective geopolitical clout. In international negotiations, BRICS delegations rely on distinct negotiation styles and repertories.8 In contentious UN votes, they are as likely as before their political inception to agree ...
... are either willing or able to translate their combined economic prowess into collective geopolitical clout. In international negotiations, BRICS delegations rely on distinct negotiation styles and repertories.8 In contentious UN votes, they are as likely as before their political inception to agree ...
Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate
... which respondents were confronted with a scenario in which ‘‘the next five winters would have very little natural snow’’. The survey, which identified significant negative demand reponses, was repeated by Pickering, Castley, and Burtt (2010), and its main scenario was also used in Switzerland (Behri ...
... which respondents were confronted with a scenario in which ‘‘the next five winters would have very little natural snow’’. The survey, which identified significant negative demand reponses, was repeated by Pickering, Castley, and Burtt (2010), and its main scenario was also used in Switzerland (Behri ...
Politics of global warming
The politics of global warming are complex due to numerous factors that arise from the global economy's interdependence on carbon dioxide emitting hydrocarbon energy sources and because carbon dioxide is directly implicated in global warming - making global warming a non-traditional environmental challenge:Implications to all aspects of a nation-state's economy - The vast majority of the world economy relies on energy sources or manufacturing techniques that release greenhouse gases at almost every stage of production, transportation, storage, delivery & disposal while a consensus of the world's scientists attribute global warming to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. This intimate linkage between global warming and economic vitality implicates almost every aspect of a nation-state's economy; Perceived lack of adequate advanced energy technologies - Fossil fuel abundance and low prices continue to put pressure on the development of adequate advanced energy technologies that can realistically replace the role of fossil fuels - as of 2010, over 91% of the worlds energy is derived from fossil fuels and non carbon-neutral technologies. Developing countries do not have cost effective access to the advanced energy technologies that they need for development (most advanced technologies has been developed by and exist in the developed world). Without adequate and cost effective post-hydrocarbon energy sources, it is unlikely the countries of the developed or developing world would accept policies that would materially affect their economic vitality or economic development prospects;Industrialization of the developing world - As developing nations industrialize their energy needs increase and since conventional energy sources produce carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide emissions of developing countries are beginning to rise at a time when the scientific community, global governance institutions and advocacy groups are telling the world that carbon dioxide emissions should be decreasing. Without access to cost effective and abundant energy sources many developing countries see climate change as a hindrance to their unfettered economic development;Metric selection (transparency) and perceived responsibility / ability to respond - Among the countries of the world, disagreements exist over which greenhouse gas emission metrics should be used like total emissions per year, per capita emissions per year, CO2 emissions only, deforestation emissions, livestock emissions or even total historical emissions. Historically, the release of carbon dioxide has not been historically even among all nation-states and nation-states have challenges with determining who should restrict emissions and at what point of their industrial development they should be subject to such commitments;Vulnerable developing countries and developed country legacy emissions - Some developing nations blame the developed world for having created the global warming crisis because it was the developed countries that emitted most of the carbon dioxide over the twentieth century and vulnerable countries perceive that it should be the developed countries that should pay to address the challenge;Consensus-driven global governance models - The global governance institutions that evolved during the 20th century are all consensus driven deliberative forums where agreement is difficult to achieve and even when agreement is achieved it is almost impossible to enforce;Well organized and funded special-interest lobbying bodies - Special interest lobbying by well organized groups distort and amplify aspects of the challenge (environmental lobbying, energy industry lobbying, other special interest lobbying);Politicization of climate science - Although there is a consensus on the science of global warming and its likely effects - some special interests groups work to suppress the consensus while others work to amplify the alarm of global warming. All parties that engage in such acts add to the politicization of the science of global warming. The result is a clouding of the reality of the global warming problem.The focus areas for global warming politics are Adaptation, Mitigation, Finance, Technology and Losses which are well quantified and studied but the urgency of the global warming challenge combined with the implication to almost every facet of a nation-state's economic interests places significant burdens on the established largely-voluntary global institutions that have developed over the last century; institutions that have been unable to effectively reshape themselves and move fast enough to deal with this unique challenge. Rapidly developing countries who see traditional energy sources as a means to fuel their development, well funded aggressive environmental lobbying groups and an established fossil fuel energy paradigm boasting a mature and sophisticated political lobbying infrastructure all combine to make global warming politics extremely polarized. Distrust between developed and developing countries at most international conferences that seek to address the topic add to the challenges. Further adding to the complexity is the advent of the Internet and the development of media technologies like blogs and other mechanisms for disseminating information that enable the exponential growth in production and dissemination of competing points of view which make it nearly impossible for the development and dissemination of an objective view into the enormity of the subject matter and its politics.