West_9.13.14
... Reducing GHG emissions also reduces co-emitted air pollutants - Air quality and health co-benefits shown to be substantial compared to GHG abatement costs. “$2-175 / ton CO2 … all studies agree that monetized health benefits make up a substantial fraction of mitigation costs.” IPCC AR4 “$2-196 / ton ...
... Reducing GHG emissions also reduces co-emitted air pollutants - Air quality and health co-benefits shown to be substantial compared to GHG abatement costs. “$2-175 / ton CO2 … all studies agree that monetized health benefits make up a substantial fraction of mitigation costs.” IPCC AR4 “$2-196 / ton ...
full poll (PDF)
... Total & global warming taking place’ (75%) It is now an established scientific fact that a climate change is largely man‐made There is a widespread theory that climate change is largely man‐made but this has not yet been conclusively proved Man‐made climate change is environmentalist propaga ...
... Total & global warming taking place’ (75%) It is now an established scientific fact that a climate change is largely man‐made There is a widespread theory that climate change is largely man‐made but this has not yet been conclusively proved Man‐made climate change is environmentalist propaga ...
Emerging trends in heavy precipitation and hot temperature
... precipitation extremes at four grid points of historical climate model simulations for the periods 1901–2005 as well as future projections forced with representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 for the period 2006– 2100. Note that due to differences in spatial scales, caution is needed when inte ...
... precipitation extremes at four grid points of historical climate model simulations for the periods 1901–2005 as well as future projections forced with representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 for the period 2006– 2100. Note that due to differences in spatial scales, caution is needed when inte ...
Vegetation Responses to Rapid Climate Change at the Late
... understood. Cannot be estimated unless there are known environmental or temporal gradients or the underlying latent structure of the data has been recovered. - : diversity among parallel gradients or classes of environmental variables. Product of -diversity of communities and -differentiation ...
... understood. Cannot be estimated unless there are known environmental or temporal gradients or the underlying latent structure of the data has been recovered. - : diversity among parallel gradients or classes of environmental variables. Product of -diversity of communities and -differentiation ...
Role of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation in the Tropical
... Theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms for the tropical climate variability and the associated teleconnection patterns. In addition to the local sources of the dynamic processes in the tropical ocean– atmosphere system (e.g., Knutson and Manabe 1998; Kirtman and Schopf 1998), the clim ...
... Theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms for the tropical climate variability and the associated teleconnection patterns. In addition to the local sources of the dynamic processes in the tropical ocean– atmosphere system (e.g., Knutson and Manabe 1998; Kirtman and Schopf 1998), the clim ...
freshwater ecosystems
... invade Great Lakes habitats if global warming released the temperature constraints to the limits of their northerly distribution. Mandrak's (86) large-scale analysis raises issues pertinent at the local scale of other lakes. Omnivorous warmwater fishes that have short life spans are most likely to i ...
... invade Great Lakes habitats if global warming released the temperature constraints to the limits of their northerly distribution. Mandrak's (86) large-scale analysis raises issues pertinent at the local scale of other lakes. Omnivorous warmwater fishes that have short life spans are most likely to i ...
Document
... change will have profound effects on our lives • For the Caribbean region in the 21st century, there is a fairly high level of certainty that: • Air and sea temperatures will increase; • Rainfall will change, with some regions becoming drier and others wetter; • Sea level rise will accelerate and be ...
... change will have profound effects on our lives • For the Caribbean region in the 21st century, there is a fairly high level of certainty that: • Air and sea temperatures will increase; • Rainfall will change, with some regions becoming drier and others wetter; • Sea level rise will accelerate and be ...
Novel policy tools to assess the environmental impacts of air pollutants
... than SO2 on precipitation and air quality in most regions per unit emission (Figure 3; this refers to European emission impacts, and may not be true for other regions). However, BC absolute emissions are much lower than SO2, meaning that overall SO2 impacts are larger in reality. • The global impac ...
... than SO2 on precipitation and air quality in most regions per unit emission (Figure 3; this refers to European emission impacts, and may not be true for other regions). However, BC absolute emissions are much lower than SO2, meaning that overall SO2 impacts are larger in reality. • The global impac ...
Functional traits predict relationship between plant abundance
... predictors of correlations between plant abundance and climate change. We show that alpine species with high resource input into structural traits, such as thick leaves, low SLA, and, at the same time, high carbon content in roots, increase in abundance at warmer climate by forming more buds or prod ...
... predictors of correlations between plant abundance and climate change. We show that alpine species with high resource input into structural traits, such as thick leaves, low SLA, and, at the same time, high carbon content in roots, increase in abundance at warmer climate by forming more buds or prod ...
Csc_ADS_2011 - University of Minnesota
... Significant difference between the AAO impact and that due to dipoles 1,2,3 which are similar It is possible that this may be a new phenomenon but this is still under speculation. ...
... Significant difference between the AAO impact and that due to dipoles 1,2,3 which are similar It is possible that this may be a new phenomenon but this is still under speculation. ...
exploring adaptation to climate change in agriculture: the potential of
... can learn how climate affects net revenues per hectare. One can also see how farmers have made long-term adjustments to climate change by planting different crops, changing planting and harvest dates, installing irrigation systems, and changing livestock practices. Weather stations provide very accu ...
... can learn how climate affects net revenues per hectare. One can also see how farmers have made long-term adjustments to climate change by planting different crops, changing planting and harvest dates, installing irrigation systems, and changing livestock practices. Weather stations provide very accu ...
Effects of Climate Change on the World`s Oceans
... radiochemistry and organic chemicals of environmental concern. 4. Regional models for predictions of climate change impacts: Methods, uncertainties and challenges. 5. Coastal blue carbon and other ocean carbon sinks. 6. Climate change in the seasonal domain: Impacts on the phenology of marine ecosys ...
... radiochemistry and organic chemicals of environmental concern. 4. Regional models for predictions of climate change impacts: Methods, uncertainties and challenges. 5. Coastal blue carbon and other ocean carbon sinks. 6. Climate change in the seasonal domain: Impacts on the phenology of marine ecosys ...
Climate Change: The Sun`s Role
... revisited later in the penultimate section of this paper), this forcing corresponds to a rise in global temperature of 0.33 oC. If the decrease in cloud cover is related to an increase in solar activity—a connection that will be made later—the increase in temperature due to the direct increase in so ...
... revisited later in the penultimate section of this paper), this forcing corresponds to a rise in global temperature of 0.33 oC. If the decrease in cloud cover is related to an increase in solar activity—a connection that will be made later—the increase in temperature due to the direct increase in so ...
Apocalypse Soon? Dire Messages Reduce Belief in Global
... the style of a newspaper article, were identical for the first four paragraphs, providing information about climate change reported by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007), but they differed in the final two paragraphs. (See the Supplemental Material available online. ...
... the style of a newspaper article, were identical for the first four paragraphs, providing information about climate change reported by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007), but they differed in the final two paragraphs. (See the Supplemental Material available online. ...
Synopsis of FEWS NET-related Climate Change and Food Security
... of Ethiopia had experienced substantial precipitation declines. Second, population growth/food balance analyses suggested that Ethiopia would face chronic and increasing food deficits. Unfortunately, 2003 predictions of increasing food insecurity appear warranted (Fig. 1). We followed up on this stu ...
... of Ethiopia had experienced substantial precipitation declines. Second, population growth/food balance analyses suggested that Ethiopia would face chronic and increasing food deficits. Unfortunately, 2003 predictions of increasing food insecurity appear warranted (Fig. 1). We followed up on this stu ...
Environment and Security Initiative
... “Achieving Climate Resilient Infrastructure through Mainstreaming of Ecosystem Based Adaptation Approaches in the Western Balkan Region” Objective: To build capacity of countries in the Western Balkans to adapt to climate change through the integration of ecosystem based adaptation approaches into p ...
... “Achieving Climate Resilient Infrastructure through Mainstreaming of Ecosystem Based Adaptation Approaches in the Western Balkan Region” Objective: To build capacity of countries in the Western Balkans to adapt to climate change through the integration of ecosystem based adaptation approaches into p ...
ppt - Physical Oceanography at GSO
... Data Manipulation Services Prioritize Data Manipulation Services, including aggregation, re-gridding, and simple transforms such as averages and extrema. Develop Metrics and Implement Performance Monitoring Determine specifications for Metrics and Performance Monitoring. ...
... Data Manipulation Services Prioritize Data Manipulation Services, including aggregation, re-gridding, and simple transforms such as averages and extrema. Develop Metrics and Implement Performance Monitoring Determine specifications for Metrics and Performance Monitoring. ...
Air hygiene and management
... Climate vs. weather • Climate: the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. • Weather: the state of the atmosphere with respect to w ...
... Climate vs. weather • Climate: the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. • Weather: the state of the atmosphere with respect to w ...
07_CC_Causes_I_Sahlmann - Potsdam Institute for Climate
... atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed in the process of weathering of silicates and transported to inner parts of the earth carbon dioxide is released through: drifting of the continents (formation of mountains) ...
... atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed in the process of weathering of silicates and transported to inner parts of the earth carbon dioxide is released through: drifting of the continents (formation of mountains) ...
Climate Change, Uncertainty and Precaution
... harm that is scientifically plausible but uncertain, actions shall be taken to avoid or diminish that harm. Morally unacceptable harm refers to harm to humans or the environment that is • threatening to human life or health, or • serious and effectively irreversible, or • inequitable to present or f ...
... harm that is scientifically plausible but uncertain, actions shall be taken to avoid or diminish that harm. Morally unacceptable harm refers to harm to humans or the environment that is • threatening to human life or health, or • serious and effectively irreversible, or • inequitable to present or f ...
Air hygiene and management
... Climate vs. weather • Climate: the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. • Weather: the state of the atmosphere with respect to w ...
... Climate vs. weather • Climate: the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. • Weather: the state of the atmosphere with respect to w ...
Hansen et al Climate change
... from the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, which reduced sunlight reaching Earth's surface as much as 2%. The long-term global warming trend is predominately a forced climate change caused by increased human-made atmospheric gases, mainly CO2 (1). The basic physics underlying this global warming, t ...
... from the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, which reduced sunlight reaching Earth's surface as much as 2%. The long-term global warming trend is predominately a forced climate change caused by increased human-made atmospheric gases, mainly CO2 (1). The basic physics underlying this global warming, t ...
Scientific Case for Avoiding Dangerous Climate
... from the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, which reduced sunlight reaching Earth's surface as much as 2%. The long-term global warming trend is predominately a forced climate change caused by increased human-made atmospheric gases, mainly CO2 (1). The basic physics underlying this global warming, t ...
... from the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption, which reduced sunlight reaching Earth's surface as much as 2%. The long-term global warming trend is predominately a forced climate change caused by increased human-made atmospheric gases, mainly CO2 (1). The basic physics underlying this global warming, t ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.