Geoengineering the climate: science, governance
... its effectiveness, costs, and environmental impacts. Methods that act rapidly by reflecting sunlight may prove to be ineffective in offsetting changes in rainfall patterns and storms, but current climate models are not sufficiently accurate to provide a reliable assessment of these at the regional l ...
... its effectiveness, costs, and environmental impacts. Methods that act rapidly by reflecting sunlight may prove to be ineffective in offsetting changes in rainfall patterns and storms, but current climate models are not sufficiently accurate to provide a reliable assessment of these at the regional l ...
ACT Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
... We also had our coolest January day since 1995, reaching just over 17˚C on January 5. These above average temperatures extended into February, March and April. Information on climate change projections and climate impacts specific to our region have been generated from two primary sources: the NSW a ...
... We also had our coolest January day since 1995, reaching just over 17˚C on January 5. These above average temperatures extended into February, March and April. Information on climate change projections and climate impacts specific to our region have been generated from two primary sources: the NSW a ...
ACT Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
... We also had our coolest January day since 1995, reaching just over 17˚C on January 5. These above average temperatures extended into February, March and April. Information on climate change projections and climate impacts specific to our region have been generated from two primary sources: the NSW a ...
... We also had our coolest January day since 1995, reaching just over 17˚C on January 5. These above average temperatures extended into February, March and April. Information on climate change projections and climate impacts specific to our region have been generated from two primary sources: the NSW a ...
Possible impacts on climate change on biocontrol systems in New
... climate change threats. The focus is on the impact on the land-based sectors, in particular the productive sector. This report is written for central and local government, land managers in both the land-based productive and environment sectors, for whom the information is relevant when planning long ...
... climate change threats. The focus is on the impact on the land-based sectors, in particular the productive sector. This report is written for central and local government, land managers in both the land-based productive and environment sectors, for whom the information is relevant when planning long ...
Present Day Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in the Coastal Ocean and
... Warming of the climate system is unequivocal based on observational evidence from all continents and most oceans (increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, melting of snow and ice, and increasing global average sea level) (IPCC 2007a). The observed increase in global average temperatur ...
... Warming of the climate system is unequivocal based on observational evidence from all continents and most oceans (increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, melting of snow and ice, and increasing global average sea level) (IPCC 2007a). The observed increase in global average temperatur ...
ICPDR Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change
... water sector on issues relevant at the basin-wide scale, more detailed planning has to take place at the sub-basin and/or national level, which may deliver further detailed adaptation actions and strategies that additionally cover non water-related sectors. ...
... water sector on issues relevant at the basin-wide scale, more detailed planning has to take place at the sub-basin and/or national level, which may deliver further detailed adaptation actions and strategies that additionally cover non water-related sectors. ...
White Paper on the Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change
... been the basis for such practical rules as the “no harm principle” and the “precautionary principle.” These rights are recognized in a number of international treaties and decisions in international tribunals, and widely recognized as foundational by many of the world’s religions. These rights are a ...
... been the basis for such practical rules as the “no harm principle” and the “precautionary principle.” These rights are recognized in a number of international treaties and decisions in international tribunals, and widely recognized as foundational by many of the world’s religions. These rights are a ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions: the science and economics of future paths for global annual emissions (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... be politically unfeasible and probably prohibitively expensive to reduce annual global emissions to much less than 40 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2e by 2020 (i.e. close to 1990 levels). For example, reaching 40 Gt CO2e would require halting emissions growth today and then reducing emissions at a rate of mo ...
... be politically unfeasible and probably prohibitively expensive to reduce annual global emissions to much less than 40 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2e by 2020 (i.e. close to 1990 levels). For example, reaching 40 Gt CO2e would require halting emissions growth today and then reducing emissions at a rate of mo ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas
... be politically unfeasible and probably prohibitively expensive to reduce annual global emissions to much less than 40 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2e by 2020 (i.e. close to 1990 levels). For example, reaching 40 Gt CO2e would require halting emissions growth today and then reducing emissions at a rate of mo ...
... be politically unfeasible and probably prohibitively expensive to reduce annual global emissions to much less than 40 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2e by 2020 (i.e. close to 1990 levels). For example, reaching 40 Gt CO2e would require halting emissions growth today and then reducing emissions at a rate of mo ...
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) - e-Learning
... The analysis of pressure fields shows that their variability always exhibit certain patterns, which are called variability patterns or modi (Brönnimann, 2005). The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability and is the only atmospheri ...
... The analysis of pressure fields shows that their variability always exhibit certain patterns, which are called variability patterns or modi (Brönnimann, 2005). The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability and is the only atmospheri ...
Where are the Vulnerable Places in Africa?
... what can theoretically informed yet rigorous research say about its potential security consequences? Are there methods beyond econometrics and case studies that can enrich our understanding of the nature and location of these potential effects? Vulnerability mapping through Geographic Information Sy ...
... what can theoretically informed yet rigorous research say about its potential security consequences? Are there methods beyond econometrics and case studies that can enrich our understanding of the nature and location of these potential effects? Vulnerability mapping through Geographic Information Sy ...
Modelling glacier change in the Everest region, Nepal Himalaya
... where only liquid precipitation (T > 0) is expected. While orographic forcing of moist air masses typically produces increased precipitation with elevation, in very highelevation regions (i.e. those greater than 4000 m) both observations and models indicate that precipitation totals will decrease ab ...
... where only liquid precipitation (T > 0) is expected. While orographic forcing of moist air masses typically produces increased precipitation with elevation, in very highelevation regions (i.e. those greater than 4000 m) both observations and models indicate that precipitation totals will decrease ab ...
Lightning Applications in Weather and Climate Research
... 1991). In the thunderstorm, there is a layer where we can find liquid water (supercooled), ice crystals, snow, hail, and graupel (soft hail) all existing together. This is between the 0 °C isotherm and the -40 °C isotherm. At temperatures higher than 0 °C, all ice will start melting and turn to wate ...
... 1991). In the thunderstorm, there is a layer where we can find liquid water (supercooled), ice crystals, snow, hail, and graupel (soft hail) all existing together. This is between the 0 °C isotherm and the -40 °C isotherm. At temperatures higher than 0 °C, all ice will start melting and turn to wate ...
World Bank Document
... (CONAPO) that measures the lack of basic public infrastructure, as well as education and material living conditions at the state and municipal levels. It has been based traditionally on census data, and uses the following indicators for its construction: the share of illiterate people over 15 years; ...
... (CONAPO) that measures the lack of basic public infrastructure, as well as education and material living conditions at the state and municipal levels. It has been based traditionally on census data, and uses the following indicators for its construction: the share of illiterate people over 15 years; ...
SJmaintext
... The IPCC defines climate as the “statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities (i.e. weather variables) over a period of time ranging from ...
... The IPCC defines climate as the “statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities (i.e. weather variables) over a period of time ranging from ...
Coastal Processes and Climate Change Predictions
... lowstands correspond to periods of glaciation in the northern hemisphere, the last such episode reaching a maximum around 18,000 years ago. Although still controversial, the modern consensus of opinion is that the southern limit of glacial ice did not reach the English Channel, reaching only as far ...
... lowstands correspond to periods of glaciation in the northern hemisphere, the last such episode reaching a maximum around 18,000 years ago. Although still controversial, the modern consensus of opinion is that the southern limit of glacial ice did not reach the English Channel, reaching only as far ...
world climate programme
... International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank, the World Meteorological Organization, from regional and academic centres and from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services from around the world. This information is expected to be used by the TTCRM to meet ...
... International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank, the World Meteorological Organization, from regional and academic centres and from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services from around the world. This information is expected to be used by the TTCRM to meet ...
The environmental and economic importance of the GBR specifically
... consequences for coral reefs everywhere. Arguments that corals will acclimate to predicted patterns of temperature change are unsubstantiated and evidence suggests that the genetic ability of corals to acclimate is already being exceeded. Corals may also adapt in evolutionary time, but such changes ...
... consequences for coral reefs everywhere. Arguments that corals will acclimate to predicted patterns of temperature change are unsubstantiated and evidence suggests that the genetic ability of corals to acclimate is already being exceeded. Corals may also adapt in evolutionary time, but such changes ...
Coral reef ecosystems and anthropogenic climate change
... (which were once part of natural variability) now exceed the tolerance of reef-building corals undergo a process referred to as ‘coral bleaching’ (Fig. 1a–c). Mass coral bleaching events, affecting thousands of square kilometers of coral reefs worldwide, have emphasized the major toll that even mild ...
... (which were once part of natural variability) now exceed the tolerance of reef-building corals undergo a process referred to as ‘coral bleaching’ (Fig. 1a–c). Mass coral bleaching events, affecting thousands of square kilometers of coral reefs worldwide, have emphasized the major toll that even mild ...
Climate Change Risk Assessment for the Australian Indian Ocean
... As with many small islands around the world, the Indian Ocean Territories (IOT) - comprising Christmas Island (CI) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (CKI) - are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are a group of 27 low lying coral atolls located in the Indian Ocean ...
... As with many small islands around the world, the Indian Ocean Territories (IOT) - comprising Christmas Island (CI) and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (CKI) - are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are a group of 27 low lying coral atolls located in the Indian Ocean ...
The psychology of climate change communication - UvA-DARE
... motivated and empowered to adopt the needed changes. For that, the public must be able to interpret and respond to often bewildering scientific, technological, and economic information. Social psychologists are aware, through their painstaking scientific research, of the difficulties that individual ...
... motivated and empowered to adopt the needed changes. For that, the public must be able to interpret and respond to often bewildering scientific, technological, and economic information. Social psychologists are aware, through their painstaking scientific research, of the difficulties that individual ...
Climate Change Effects and Impacts Assessment
... community services. Local authorities own community assets that may be vulnerable to climate change effects. In 2007, the IPCC concluded that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely a result of the observed increase in anthropogenic gree ...
... community services. Local authorities own community assets that may be vulnerable to climate change effects. In 2007, the IPCC concluded that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely a result of the observed increase in anthropogenic gree ...
student advisee presentations
... Washington, R., Saucedo, E., Ramierz, E., Olivera, M., Becker, A. (2015), “Port of Manzanillo: Climate Risk Management.” Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC. Online at: http://cdn.iic.org/sites/default/files/documents/pub/en/71_eng_pantalla.pdf. 13. Becker, A. (2015), “Rhode Island Embar ...
... Washington, R., Saucedo, E., Ramierz, E., Olivera, M., Becker, A. (2015), “Port of Manzanillo: Climate Risk Management.” Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC. Online at: http://cdn.iic.org/sites/default/files/documents/pub/en/71_eng_pantalla.pdf. 13. Becker, A. (2015), “Rhode Island Embar ...
Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin
... changes in evapotranspiration in the region are not completely consistent in the different assessments. This is probably caused by the fact that different hydrological models were used and that different numbers of climate scenarios have been used as input for the hydrological models. For the climat ...
... changes in evapotranspiration in the region are not completely consistent in the different assessments. This is probably caused by the fact that different hydrological models were used and that different numbers of climate scenarios have been used as input for the hydrological models. For the climat ...
Estimating Future Costs for Alaska Public Infrastructure - ISER
... Climate Projections: What’s Expected? To start our analysis, we needed to know what experts see for the future. In 2000, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, which laid out a range of climate scenarios, each with specific assumptions ab ...
... Climate Projections: What’s Expected? To start our analysis, we needed to know what experts see for the future. In 2000, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, which laid out a range of climate scenarios, each with specific assumptions ab ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.