UNDP`s role in promoting democratic governance
... diversify them through adaptation. Climate change would also indirectly lead to reliance on the informal sector, limited formal safety nets, weak infrastructure and healthcare, frequent disasters, environmental degradation and poverty. Thus, unless we significantly address vulnerabilities in the cou ...
... diversify them through adaptation. Climate change would also indirectly lead to reliance on the informal sector, limited formal safety nets, weak infrastructure and healthcare, frequent disasters, environmental degradation and poverty. Thus, unless we significantly address vulnerabilities in the cou ...
Future Climate: Projected Average
... (BCSD) method (Maurer et al. 2010).i “Bias” is a statistical term reflecting systematic error. The main advantage of statistical downscaling is that it is computationally simple, so a relatively large number of GCMs and greenhouse gas emission scenarios may be considered for a more robust characteri ...
... (BCSD) method (Maurer et al. 2010).i “Bias” is a statistical term reflecting systematic error. The main advantage of statistical downscaling is that it is computationally simple, so a relatively large number of GCMs and greenhouse gas emission scenarios may be considered for a more robust characteri ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... The Commerce, Industry and Tourism Ministry coordinates industrial activities and defines, together with the Defence and Internal Order Ministry, the management of the coastal zone. The Health Ministry transmits to the general population standard hygienic principles, as well as participates in the e ...
... The Commerce, Industry and Tourism Ministry coordinates industrial activities and defines, together with the Defence and Internal Order Ministry, the management of the coastal zone. The Health Ministry transmits to the general population standard hygienic principles, as well as participates in the e ...
Mitigation of What and by What? Adaptation by Whom and
... evolution of the climate-finance architecture, many of the fundamentally politicised issues that shape the existing dilemma on how to confront global climate change have been avoided or delayed. A largely market-driven response has not advanced an accountability-driven, long-term agenda, and competi ...
... evolution of the climate-finance architecture, many of the fundamentally politicised issues that shape the existing dilemma on how to confront global climate change have been avoided or delayed. A largely market-driven response has not advanced an accountability-driven, long-term agenda, and competi ...
Task 4.2 Calculation of metrics - Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre
... Available metrics of climate change, in particular radiative forcing and global warming potential have been reviewed. There usefulness for "measuring" climate change was discussed and some limitations were shown. E.g. it was demonstrated that reductions in CO2 emissions and equivalent CH4 emissions ...
... Available metrics of climate change, in particular radiative forcing and global warming potential have been reviewed. There usefulness for "measuring" climate change was discussed and some limitations were shown. E.g. it was demonstrated that reductions in CO2 emissions and equivalent CH4 emissions ...
IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
... • By 2030, the world’s population will have increased by one billion (IIASA) • Agriculture accounts for 70% of freshwater withdrawals (UN Water) ...
... • By 2030, the world’s population will have increased by one billion (IIASA) • Agriculture accounts for 70% of freshwater withdrawals (UN Water) ...
Arne Bardalen
... Expert Panel for green competitiveness • The Panel will present proposals for an overall strategy for green competitiveness. • Green competitiveness is understood as the private sector's ability to compete globally at a time when stronger instruments are applied to climate policy. • The committee w ...
... Expert Panel for green competitiveness • The Panel will present proposals for an overall strategy for green competitiveness. • Green competitiveness is understood as the private sector's ability to compete globally at a time when stronger instruments are applied to climate policy. • The committee w ...
Dynamic Earth - The State Museum of Pennsylvania
... lithosphere, called plates, make contact- they slide under, push over, or slip alongside each other. The energy released from the interactions of the plates powers the earthquakes and volcanoes responsible for releasing into the atmosphere carbon that was once locked up in rock. Why did Venus, Earth ...
... lithosphere, called plates, make contact- they slide under, push over, or slip alongside each other. The energy released from the interactions of the plates powers the earthquakes and volcanoes responsible for releasing into the atmosphere carbon that was once locked up in rock. Why did Venus, Earth ...
A Tipping-Elements Expedition in the Footsteps of
... A tipping element is a component of the Earth system that is at least subcontinental in scale and might be switched to a qualitatively different state by small perturbations (Lenton et al. 2008). A tipping point is the associated critical threshold of a pertinent forcing parameter at which the (futu ...
... A tipping element is a component of the Earth system that is at least subcontinental in scale and might be switched to a qualitatively different state by small perturbations (Lenton et al. 2008). A tipping point is the associated critical threshold of a pertinent forcing parameter at which the (futu ...
Annex 3: Strengths and weaknesses of climate models
... understood in terms of simple physical reasoning: in this case, albedo feedbacks whereby snow or ice covered regions become exposed as the planet warms and, as a result, more sunlight is absorbed by the underlying surface. Other important feedbacks include the positive water-vapour feedback; water v ...
... understood in terms of simple physical reasoning: in this case, albedo feedbacks whereby snow or ice covered regions become exposed as the planet warms and, as a result, more sunlight is absorbed by the underlying surface. Other important feedbacks include the positive water-vapour feedback; water v ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism: Working Paper 42 (830 kB) (opens in new window)
... 3. Adaptation to climate change and human development 4. Governments, markets and climate change mitigation 5. The Munich Re Programme - Evaluating the economics of climate risks and opportunities in the insurance sector More information about the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy can b ...
... 3. Adaptation to climate change and human development 4. Governments, markets and climate change mitigation 5. The Munich Re Programme - Evaluating the economics of climate risks and opportunities in the insurance sector More information about the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy can b ...
more
... 22 April 2016 – The Nature Conservancy After Paris – The Original Climate Solution Just as the world gets to grips with the urgency of limiting global warming to beneath 2°C, the official UN body charged with climate science (the IPCC) has been charged with understanding potential impacts if tempera ...
... 22 April 2016 – The Nature Conservancy After Paris – The Original Climate Solution Just as the world gets to grips with the urgency of limiting global warming to beneath 2°C, the official UN body charged with climate science (the IPCC) has been charged with understanding potential impacts if tempera ...
Use of Indigenous Knowledge as a Strategy for Climate Change
... generation to the other by word of mouth [1,2]. It is the basis for local-level decision-making in many rural communities. Indigenous knowledge has value not only for the culture in which it evolves, but also for scientists and planners striving to improve conditions in rural localities [3]. The kno ...
... generation to the other by word of mouth [1,2]. It is the basis for local-level decision-making in many rural communities. Indigenous knowledge has value not only for the culture in which it evolves, but also for scientists and planners striving to improve conditions in rural localities [3]. The kno ...
Optimal Climate Change Policies When Governments Cannot Commit
... are sufficient to support the optimal R&D investment, output and emission paths. Of course it is widely recognized that one reason why this simple argument breaks down is that there are multiple market failures, and in particular as well as the environmental externality failure there are failures in ...
... are sufficient to support the optimal R&D investment, output and emission paths. Of course it is widely recognized that one reason why this simple argument breaks down is that there are multiple market failures, and in particular as well as the environmental externality failure there are failures in ...
Appealed to ITU and its Administrations to ensure the absolute
... powerful transmitters employed for TV and sound particular importance, notably in terms of broadcasting The Regional Radiocommunication Conference 2006 (RRCstandards for remote wireless collaboration, 06), which involved 120 countries, developed a new digital such as the BO, M, S Series of ITU-R bro ...
... powerful transmitters employed for TV and sound particular importance, notably in terms of broadcasting The Regional Radiocommunication Conference 2006 (RRCstandards for remote wireless collaboration, 06), which involved 120 countries, developed a new digital such as the BO, M, S Series of ITU-R bro ...
The Cost of Climate Change: What We`ll Pay if
... failures cause individuals and businesses to underinvest in cost-effective energy efficiency and emerging lowcarbon technologies. Price signals alone will not adequately drive these investments, which are already profitable at current energy prices. Therefore, while a mandatory cap on emissions is e ...
... failures cause individuals and businesses to underinvest in cost-effective energy efficiency and emerging lowcarbon technologies. Price signals alone will not adequately drive these investments, which are already profitable at current energy prices. Therefore, while a mandatory cap on emissions is e ...
Good-Bye Kyoto - Carbon Market Watch
... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
... laudable step forward in ambition. Yet, if emission reductions from such jurisdictions are counted towards national targets and sold as CDM offset credits at the same time, these reductions are counted towards multiple reduction goals. This means that the actual global emissions could be higher than ...
4 Atmosphere and Climate in the Northern Cape
... appointed CSIR to compile the 2004 Northern Cape State of the Environment (SoE) Report. The project process was divided into three phases, namely: ...
... appointed CSIR to compile the 2004 Northern Cape State of the Environment (SoE) Report. The project process was divided into three phases, namely: ...
Low Carbon Economy Index
... plants to be installed with CCS technology by 2030. • Key policies: To be able to deliver this scale of investment, the private sector will need not just targets, but a binding and effective framework of policy commitments. Establishing a global market for carbon trading would be one element in thi ...
... plants to be installed with CCS technology by 2030. • Key policies: To be able to deliver this scale of investment, the private sector will need not just targets, but a binding and effective framework of policy commitments. Establishing a global market for carbon trading would be one element in thi ...
FAO - NWP: Adaptation Planning and Strategies 2009 (pp. 42-50)
... change. It is a generic solution that can be adopted from other contexts such as rural development or water security. ...
... change. It is a generic solution that can be adopted from other contexts such as rural development or water security. ...
A review of the consideration of climate change in the planning of
... This variability has important consequences for the management of hydropower schemes under future climate change scenarios. The lifetime of hydropower infrastructure is around 100 years, meaning that new schemes implemented in in the next decade are still likely to be operating into the next century ...
... This variability has important consequences for the management of hydropower schemes under future climate change scenarios. The lifetime of hydropower infrastructure is around 100 years, meaning that new schemes implemented in in the next decade are still likely to be operating into the next century ...
Multi-gas abatement analysis of the Marrakesh Accords Paul. L
... 550 ppm CO2 equivalence is “unlikely” to meet the 2°C target The risk to overshoot 2°C can be substantially reduced for lower stabilization levels. There is about a fifty:fifty chance to meet 2°C by stabilizing at 450ppm There is a “likely” achievement of the 2°C target for stabilization at ...
... 550 ppm CO2 equivalence is “unlikely” to meet the 2°C target The risk to overshoot 2°C can be substantially reduced for lower stabilization levels. There is about a fifty:fifty chance to meet 2°C by stabilizing at 450ppm There is a “likely” achievement of the 2°C target for stabilization at ...
Clearing the Air on Oilsands Emissions
... In a comparison of production emissions only, the per-barrel greenhouse gas emissions associated with oilsands extraction and upgrading are estimated to be 220 to 350 per cent (3.2 to 4.5 times) higher than conventional crude oil produced in Canada or the United States.3 Full life cycle (well-to-whe ...
... In a comparison of production emissions only, the per-barrel greenhouse gas emissions associated with oilsands extraction and upgrading are estimated to be 220 to 350 per cent (3.2 to 4.5 times) higher than conventional crude oil produced in Canada or the United States.3 Full life cycle (well-to-whe ...
VSO and Climate Change
... AIDS. Their vulnerability can stem from not having access to decision-making or to resources that others in society do, or because they are excluded in other ways. Vulnerability can also exist at the community level due to inadequate access to water, infertile agricultural soils, or poor infrastruct ...
... AIDS. Their vulnerability can stem from not having access to decision-making or to resources that others in society do, or because they are excluded in other ways. Vulnerability can also exist at the community level due to inadequate access to water, infertile agricultural soils, or poor infrastruct ...
United States television news coverage of anthropogenic climate
... broadly construed scientific communities, the unique collaboration of top scientists from around the world through the IPCC presents such an opportunity in climate science (Argrawala 1998a; Karl and Trenberth 2003). The IPCC has been “regarded as the single most authoritative source of information o ...
... broadly construed scientific communities, the unique collaboration of top scientists from around the world through the IPCC presents such an opportunity in climate science (Argrawala 1998a; Karl and Trenberth 2003). The IPCC has been “regarded as the single most authoritative source of information o ...
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme
The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (or CPRS) was a proposed cap-and-trade system of emissions trading for anthropogenic greenhouse gases, due to be introduced in Australia in 2010 by the Rudd government, as part of its climate change policy. It marked a major change in the energy policy of Australia. The policy began when the Australian Labor Party was in opposition and the six Labor-controlled states commissioned an independent review on energy policy, the Garnaut Climate Change Review, which published a number of reports. Labor, after winning the federal election and forming a government, published a Green paper for discussion and comment. The Federal Treasury then modelled some of the financial and economic impacts of the proposed scheme.The Rudd Government published a final white paper on 15 December 2008. The Government announced that the legislation was intended to take effect in July 2010; but the legislation for the CPRS (aka ETS) failed to gain adequate support and was twice rejected creating a double dissolution election trigger. After a bitter political debate which saw former opposition leader Malcolm Turnbull lose his leadership of the opposition to the anti-CPRS Tony Abbott. The Rudd government did not call an election and the CPRS lost public support. In April 2010, Labor then deferred the CPRS. A successor to the CPRS, the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM) was passed into law as part of the Clean Energy Futures Package (CEF) in 2011, but was repealed in July 2014 following a change in government.