Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle
... first articulated over two decades ago by Katz & Brown (1992), and became widely acknowledged after the second IPCC assessment of climate change in 1995 (Nicholls & Alexander, 2007). These concerns were raised because many biological systems (including human societies) are more sensitive to climate ...
... first articulated over two decades ago by Katz & Brown (1992), and became widely acknowledged after the second IPCC assessment of climate change in 1995 (Nicholls & Alexander, 2007). These concerns were raised because many biological systems (including human societies) are more sensitive to climate ...
Our Climate Options Have Shrunk
... required to prevent temperature increase exceeding the policy goal of 2°C." • "The summary for policymakers is a document of appeasement, not fit for purpose. In reality, if my calculations are correct, we not only don't have much of a carbon budget left, we have already overshot that budget – we're ...
... required to prevent temperature increase exceeding the policy goal of 2°C." • "The summary for policymakers is a document of appeasement, not fit for purpose. In reality, if my calculations are correct, we not only don't have much of a carbon budget left, we have already overshot that budget – we're ...
Climate Resilient Planning : A Tool for Long
... Development Scenario and Climate Change Despite enormous challenges, Nepal has done fairly well in certain areas of development. The GDP increased from USD 180 in the early 1980s to USD 472 in 2009 and the population below the poverty line has dropped to 25.4%. The infant mortality rate has fallen t ...
... Development Scenario and Climate Change Despite enormous challenges, Nepal has done fairly well in certain areas of development. The GDP increased from USD 180 in the early 1980s to USD 472 in 2009 and the population below the poverty line has dropped to 25.4%. The infant mortality rate has fallen t ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part I: Observing
... of the system given our measurement accuracy). According to Definition 4, the climate at time t1 is the distribution of the possible values of the climate variables at t1 assuming that the external conditions were constant. That is, the climate is the distribution of the climate variables that arise ...
... of the system given our measurement accuracy). According to Definition 4, the climate at time t1 is the distribution of the possible values of the climate variables at t1 assuming that the external conditions were constant. That is, the climate is the distribution of the climate variables that arise ...
Climate Trends in the Casco Bay Region
... Based on sea-level rise curve scenarios from the US National Climate Assessment, the Maine Geological Survey currently estimates that Casco Bay could potentially experience a 2- to 4-foot rise in sea level by the end of this century. The U.S. Global Change Research Program makes similar projections ...
... Based on sea-level rise curve scenarios from the US National Climate Assessment, the Maine Geological Survey currently estimates that Casco Bay could potentially experience a 2- to 4-foot rise in sea level by the end of this century. The U.S. Global Change Research Program makes similar projections ...
Assessing Climate Change Risks and Opportunities for Investors
... Mining companies constantly assess ore grades. Energy cost is an important input to assessing mine feasibility. While current operational energy costs make up around 7-12% of total mining costs for different mining sub-sectors in Australia, within 10 years, energy costs could be as high as 20-30% of ...
... Mining companies constantly assess ore grades. Energy cost is an important input to assessing mine feasibility. While current operational energy costs make up around 7-12% of total mining costs for different mining sub-sectors in Australia, within 10 years, energy costs could be as high as 20-30% of ...
Driving California Forward Public Health and Societal Economic Benefits
... precipitation patterns, and sea level rise. The social cost of carbon therefore takes into account climate change damages like changes in net agricultural productivity, human health, and property damages from increased flood risk, as well as drought and higher than normal temperatures. By decreasing ...
... precipitation patterns, and sea level rise. The social cost of carbon therefore takes into account climate change damages like changes in net agricultural productivity, human health, and property damages from increased flood risk, as well as drought and higher than normal temperatures. By decreasing ...
Proposal on synthetic air pollution pressure indicators
... responsible for part of the tropospheric ozone, and each gas which contributes to acidification. Unlike the case of climate change, in these two cases there are many factors apart from emissions which do not arise from human activity which directly affect potential increases in tropospheric ozone an ...
... responsible for part of the tropospheric ozone, and each gas which contributes to acidification. Unlike the case of climate change, in these two cases there are many factors apart from emissions which do not arise from human activity which directly affect potential increases in tropospheric ozone an ...
Adaptation and Vulnerability to Climate Change: The
... effects like large releases of methane from thawing permafrost, or large scale dieback of forests. These risks are real and the economic costs would be huge. For that reason, the Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) has strongly advocated an aggressive policy of mitigating greenhouse gases. Even with ...
... effects like large releases of methane from thawing permafrost, or large scale dieback of forests. These risks are real and the economic costs would be huge. For that reason, the Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) has strongly advocated an aggressive policy of mitigating greenhouse gases. Even with ...
PDF
... detailed description. It basically consists of a series of nested CES functions that describe energy supply and demand at different levels of aggregation. Capital and labour are aggregated in a CES nest to produce the capital-labour raw input KL as follows: ...
... detailed description. It basically consists of a series of nested CES functions that describe energy supply and demand at different levels of aggregation. Capital and labour are aggregated in a CES nest to produce the capital-labour raw input KL as follows: ...
Draft Interim Climate Change Guidelines
... A six-step procedure for the incorporation of climate change in flood designs or planning decisions will be recommended in the Interim Guideline. It has been formulated to respond to the question: “Is climate change a significant issue for the location and project at hand?” If the answer to that que ...
... A six-step procedure for the incorporation of climate change in flood designs or planning decisions will be recommended in the Interim Guideline. It has been formulated to respond to the question: “Is climate change a significant issue for the location and project at hand?” If the answer to that que ...
Conversion of Greenhouse Gasses Into Energy
... it is important to find a way to convert greenhouse gasses into energy. The book also provides me with the data about reducing the existing greenhouse gasses by capturing their by-products. Energy is money and money appears to be the universal motivator to act. Hopefully, I will be able to convey t ...
... it is important to find a way to convert greenhouse gasses into energy. The book also provides me with the data about reducing the existing greenhouse gasses by capturing their by-products. Energy is money and money appears to be the universal motivator to act. Hopefully, I will be able to convey t ...
Joint projections of temperature and precipitation change from
... of the problem, but a quantification of the risks that are associated with it is far from straightforward. There are considerable uncertainties, in terms of limits to predicting future changes in the drivers of GHG emissions (population, economic growth, technology, international collaboration, etc.) ...
... of the problem, but a quantification of the risks that are associated with it is far from straightforward. There are considerable uncertainties, in terms of limits to predicting future changes in the drivers of GHG emissions (population, economic growth, technology, international collaboration, etc.) ...
An Introduction to the Science of Climate Change
... international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The UNFCCC aims at reducing emissions of the greenhouse gases. The United Nations Conference on Climate Change allows for ...
... international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The UNFCCC aims at reducing emissions of the greenhouse gases. The United Nations Conference on Climate Change allows for ...
View/Open
... policies have promoted ‘carbon neutral’ biomass as an energy source. Carbon flux from burning biomass is often legislated or simply assumed to be carbon neutral as subsequent growth sequesters carbon from the atmosphere (IPCC, 2006). Yet trees may take decades to recover the CO2 released by burning, ...
... policies have promoted ‘carbon neutral’ biomass as an energy source. Carbon flux from burning biomass is often legislated or simply assumed to be carbon neutral as subsequent growth sequesters carbon from the atmosphere (IPCC, 2006). Yet trees may take decades to recover the CO2 released by burning, ...
Rapporteurs Report (RapporteurReport2012)
... is a barrier to understanding of key phenomena. He further mentioned on the sea level risks in the Southeast Asia (SEA). Various analyses have been performed to study the sea level variation such as El Nino, Pacific Warm Pool and Cold Tongue Index which appear to be mirrored each other while the El ...
... is a barrier to understanding of key phenomena. He further mentioned on the sea level risks in the Southeast Asia (SEA). Various analyses have been performed to study the sea level variation such as El Nino, Pacific Warm Pool and Cold Tongue Index which appear to be mirrored each other while the El ...
Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea
... Anomalies of the annual and decadal moving average of the modeled Baltic Sea spatially mean water temperature over the period 1500–2001. The dotted horizontal lines are the standard deviations of the water temperature during the standard period 1900–1999 (Hansson and ...
... Anomalies of the annual and decadal moving average of the modeled Baltic Sea spatially mean water temperature over the period 1500–2001. The dotted horizontal lines are the standard deviations of the water temperature during the standard period 1900–1999 (Hansson and ...
perspectives on climate change - Canadian Institute of Planners
... change since 2007. Part of this dialogue comprised a series of benchmarking surveys and focus groups. Since March 2008, CIP has conducted four benchmarking surveys. To augment the survey data, focus groups were held in every Affiliate between the second and third survey. These surveys and the suppor ...
... change since 2007. Part of this dialogue comprised a series of benchmarking surveys and focus groups. Since March 2008, CIP has conducted four benchmarking surveys. To augment the survey data, focus groups were held in every Affiliate between the second and third survey. These surveys and the suppor ...
Protein efficiency per unit energy and per unit greenhouse gas
... refrigerants) are those usually stressed in assessments of the sector. However, the inefficiencies in livestock production reported by a number of authors also lead to large contributions of CO2. Furthermore, a recent report showed that if induced land use change is included in the analysis, the food ...
... refrigerants) are those usually stressed in assessments of the sector. However, the inefficiencies in livestock production reported by a number of authors also lead to large contributions of CO2. Furthermore, a recent report showed that if induced land use change is included in the analysis, the food ...
'Communicating Uncertainties for those Insuring Future Climate Change' Oslo 2008
... People may respond to various climate stimuli in different way, and adaptation to changes may be influenced by other rationales rather than seeking climate adaptability and robustness. As such, it can be a challenge communicating the necessity to reduce global warming as well as to prepare society f ...
... People may respond to various climate stimuli in different way, and adaptation to changes may be influenced by other rationales rather than seeking climate adaptability and robustness. As such, it can be a challenge communicating the necessity to reduce global warming as well as to prepare society f ...
Climate Change - cloudfront.net
... Multiple analyses of the peer-reviewed science literature have repeatedly shown that more than 97% of scientists in this field agree that the world is unequivocally warming and that human activity is the primary cause of the warming experienced over the past 50 years. Spirited debates on some detail ...
... Multiple analyses of the peer-reviewed science literature have repeatedly shown that more than 97% of scientists in this field agree that the world is unequivocally warming and that human activity is the primary cause of the warming experienced over the past 50 years. Spirited debates on some detail ...
I G S M
... simplified models of climatic response to greenhouse gases also explicitly predict only annually-averaged global mean (e.g., AIM, MAGICC) or zonal mean (e.g., IMAGE 2) temperature as an indicator of climatic conditions. Examples of frameworks using these simpler models include the MERGE model (Manne ...
... simplified models of climatic response to greenhouse gases also explicitly predict only annually-averaged global mean (e.g., AIM, MAGICC) or zonal mean (e.g., IMAGE 2) temperature as an indicator of climatic conditions. Examples of frameworks using these simpler models include the MERGE model (Manne ...
Frontlines of Climate Change
... the planet, so is there much variability across the circumpolar world. For instance, summers in some parts of Canada’s eastern arctic are actually cooler than they were decades ago. On the other hand, Canada’s western Arctic, much of which falls within the Northwest Territories, is one of the fastes ...
... the planet, so is there much variability across the circumpolar world. For instance, summers in some parts of Canada’s eastern arctic are actually cooler than they were decades ago. On the other hand, Canada’s western Arctic, much of which falls within the Northwest Territories, is one of the fastes ...
Growing within Limits
... In May of this year, the Dutch Environment Minister invited the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) to analyse current trends in global environmental problems, in the context of the findings of the so-called ‘Limits to Growth’ publications by the Club of Rome, which have been published ...
... In May of this year, the Dutch Environment Minister invited the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) to analyse current trends in global environmental problems, in the context of the findings of the so-called ‘Limits to Growth’ publications by the Club of Rome, which have been published ...
Business development meeting
... becoming more prominent in time; more so than under Scenario 1. ...
... becoming more prominent in time; more so than under Scenario 1. ...
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme
The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (or CPRS) was a proposed cap-and-trade system of emissions trading for anthropogenic greenhouse gases, due to be introduced in Australia in 2010 by the Rudd government, as part of its climate change policy. It marked a major change in the energy policy of Australia. The policy began when the Australian Labor Party was in opposition and the six Labor-controlled states commissioned an independent review on energy policy, the Garnaut Climate Change Review, which published a number of reports. Labor, after winning the federal election and forming a government, published a Green paper for discussion and comment. The Federal Treasury then modelled some of the financial and economic impacts of the proposed scheme.The Rudd Government published a final white paper on 15 December 2008. The Government announced that the legislation was intended to take effect in July 2010; but the legislation for the CPRS (aka ETS) failed to gain adequate support and was twice rejected creating a double dissolution election trigger. After a bitter political debate which saw former opposition leader Malcolm Turnbull lose his leadership of the opposition to the anti-CPRS Tony Abbott. The Rudd government did not call an election and the CPRS lost public support. In April 2010, Labor then deferred the CPRS. A successor to the CPRS, the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM) was passed into law as part of the Clean Energy Futures Package (CEF) in 2011, but was repealed in July 2014 following a change in government.