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14.2.2 Predictability in a Chaotic System
... system per se, it is important to understand this variability and to expand the emerging capability of predicting patterns of organised variability such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This predictive capability is both a valuable test of model performance and a useful contribution in natura ...
... system per se, it is important to understand this variability and to expand the emerging capability of predicting patterns of organised variability such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This predictive capability is both a valuable test of model performance and a useful contribution in natura ...
PDF
... insecure, farmers are often reluctant to invest in the longterm endeavor of establishing trees that may benefit the next owner of their land rather than themselves. Much research is still needed to determine how and under what circumstances agroforestry or related concepts, such as climate smart agr ...
... insecure, farmers are often reluctant to invest in the longterm endeavor of establishing trees that may benefit the next owner of their land rather than themselves. Much research is still needed to determine how and under what circumstances agroforestry or related concepts, such as climate smart agr ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism
... that the trade-off between wellbeing in the first two periods be separable from the remainder of the stream. Regarding (i), there is a large literature, starting with Diamond (1965), which has established a conflict between imposing equity conditions (like equal treatment and “Hammond Equity for the ...
... that the trade-off between wellbeing in the first two periods be separable from the remainder of the stream. Regarding (i), there is a large literature, starting with Diamond (1965), which has established a conflict between imposing equity conditions (like equal treatment and “Hammond Equity for the ...
English
... must be inclusive, gender-responsive, and prioritize the poorest and most vulnerable. The Paris Agreement has laid out the path for the world to work together and it is now our responsibility to take those steps and achieve those ambitions. We must now work with all members of society to take bold a ...
... must be inclusive, gender-responsive, and prioritize the poorest and most vulnerable. The Paris Agreement has laid out the path for the world to work together and it is now our responsibility to take those steps and achieve those ambitions. We must now work with all members of society to take bold a ...
Future of carbon capture and storage in the UK
... as Contracts for Difference (CfDs)—to support the initial stages of commercialisation. In November 2015, just weeks before the final bids were to be submitted in this process, the Government unexpectedly announced that the money was no longer available. This decision came as a shock to the industry ...
... as Contracts for Difference (CfDs)—to support the initial stages of commercialisation. In November 2015, just weeks before the final bids were to be submitted in this process, the Government unexpectedly announced that the money was no longer available. This decision came as a shock to the industry ...
Navigating scales of knowledge and decision
... also were concerned about the level of skill involved in the seasonal predictions and about ensuring that the managers understood that skill. Thus, the workshop intended to discover if more skillful forecasts might have a place in reservoir management and what temporal and spatial levels of forecast ...
... also were concerned about the level of skill involved in the seasonal predictions and about ensuring that the managers understood that skill. Thus, the workshop intended to discover if more skillful forecasts might have a place in reservoir management and what temporal and spatial levels of forecast ...
Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep
... water formation drives the rapid propagation of surfacederived changes in carbonate chemistry to depth as underlined by high vertically integrated water column inventories of anthropogenic carbon (Sabine et al., 2004), as well as tritium and chlorofluorocarbon distributions (Doney and Jenkins, 1994) ...
... water formation drives the rapid propagation of surfacederived changes in carbonate chemistry to depth as underlined by high vertically integrated water column inventories of anthropogenic carbon (Sabine et al., 2004), as well as tritium and chlorofluorocarbon distributions (Doney and Jenkins, 1994) ...
2015 Conference Final Program - Climate Change: Impacts and
... It is now widely accepted that the most recent phase of human society has had an impact on the earth’s climate. Greenhouse gases are heating up the earth. Ice that was permanent until recently, is rapidly melting. Sea levels are rising. Extreme weather events are occurring with greater frequency. Di ...
... It is now widely accepted that the most recent phase of human society has had an impact on the earth’s climate. Greenhouse gases are heating up the earth. Ice that was permanent until recently, is rapidly melting. Sea levels are rising. Extreme weather events are occurring with greater frequency. Di ...
Behavioral dimensions of climate change
... single-family house full of Energy Star appliances. The middle-class person appears ‘greener’ based on environmental concern measures, but the poor person actually has a smaller environmental impact34 and, therefore, can be thought of an ‘inadvertent environmentalist.’ Several factors help to accoun ...
... single-family house full of Energy Star appliances. The middle-class person appears ‘greener’ based on environmental concern measures, but the poor person actually has a smaller environmental impact34 and, therefore, can be thought of an ‘inadvertent environmentalist.’ Several factors help to accoun ...
Climate vulnerability of socio-economic systems
... use of agricultural chemicals, which in turn negatively affects environmental health. Climate change will have impacts on both forests and agriculture. In particular it will cut agricultural yields in dry and tropical regions, putting further pressure on remaining forests if farmers respond by exten ...
... use of agricultural chemicals, which in turn negatively affects environmental health. Climate change will have impacts on both forests and agriculture. In particular it will cut agricultural yields in dry and tropical regions, putting further pressure on remaining forests if farmers respond by exten ...
English - unfccc
... threatens the very existence of humankind on the earth. It is against this background, that Ghana signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in June 1992, after the Convention was adopted on 9 May 1992. The climate Convention entered ...
... threatens the very existence of humankind on the earth. It is against this background, that Ghana signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in June 1992, after the Convention was adopted on 9 May 1992. The climate Convention entered ...
Development Aid and Climate Finance: Working Paper 123 (397 kB) (opens in new window)
... Most of the existing literature on financial transfers focuses on their strategic value, that is, their merit in securing an international agreement (see e.g., Barrett, 2003, 2007 and Hong and Karp, 2012, on forming international environmental agreements; an exception is Grasso 2010). Already in the ...
... Most of the existing literature on financial transfers focuses on their strategic value, that is, their merit in securing an international agreement (see e.g., Barrett, 2003, 2007 and Hong and Karp, 2012, on forming international environmental agreements; an exception is Grasso 2010). Already in the ...
- Adaptation Learning Mechanism
... 10. The poor are more vulnerable to climate change since they do not have sufficient income to prepare and cope from the adverse effects of climate change. Poor women are more vulnerable, since they have the lowest incomes and depend on income from relatives or small income generating activities. I ...
... 10. The poor are more vulnerable to climate change since they do not have sufficient income to prepare and cope from the adverse effects of climate change. Poor women are more vulnerable, since they have the lowest incomes and depend on income from relatives or small income generating activities. I ...
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME
... based on coffee and tea with some hides and tin ore. Earnings from exports have been hindered recently by low beverage prices, reducing hard currency earnings recently. 6. With respect to macroeconomic performance, key accomplishments in 2002 include: real GDP growth of 9.4%; an annual inflation rat ...
... based on coffee and tea with some hides and tin ore. Earnings from exports have been hindered recently by low beverage prices, reducing hard currency earnings recently. 6. With respect to macroeconomic performance, key accomplishments in 2002 include: real GDP growth of 9.4%; an annual inflation rat ...
Presenters
... Antarctic ice sheet melting provides negative feedbacks on future climate warming Forcing and feedback in the climate-carbon system Contributions to AR5 from IGBP: an Earth Systems Approach Evaluation of the radiative forcing of climate change factors and its effects to the climate system Long-term ...
... Antarctic ice sheet melting provides negative feedbacks on future climate warming Forcing and feedback in the climate-carbon system Contributions to AR5 from IGBP: an Earth Systems Approach Evaluation of the radiative forcing of climate change factors and its effects to the climate system Long-term ...
Earth System interactions
... This document motivates a strengthened Nordic collaboration, that can develop the next generation of Earth System Models (ESM) for climate prediction that: (i) are reliable; (ii) encompass the key climate processes pertaining to the Nordic and Arctic regions; (iii) include an improved description of ...
... This document motivates a strengthened Nordic collaboration, that can develop the next generation of Earth System Models (ESM) for climate prediction that: (i) are reliable; (ii) encompass the key climate processes pertaining to the Nordic and Arctic regions; (iii) include an improved description of ...
IPCC. 2001. Tech Summary of Physical Science Basis
... “Yes”. A suite of observations supports this conclusion and provides insight about the rapidity of those changes. These data are also the bedrock upon which to construct the answer to the more difficult question: “Why is it changing?”, which is addressed in later Sections. This Section provides an u ...
... “Yes”. A suite of observations supports this conclusion and provides insight about the rapidity of those changes. These data are also the bedrock upon which to construct the answer to the more difficult question: “Why is it changing?”, which is addressed in later Sections. This Section provides an u ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... participants were not prompted, nor did they have answers suggested to them. This technique requires researchers to acknowledge that their position is just as valid of those they are interviewing, and implies a special responsibility to look at local events and cases within their own frames of refer ...
... participants were not prompted, nor did they have answers suggested to them. This technique requires researchers to acknowledge that their position is just as valid of those they are interviewing, and implies a special responsibility to look at local events and cases within their own frames of refer ...
Assessing knowledge of social representations of climate change
... that weather and climate are important elements of many of the tourism products offered by tourist destinations and thus, any change in atmospheric conditions could have a considerable impact [4–9]. Similarly, it should not be forgotten that tourism has been, and is, one of the factors responsible f ...
... that weather and climate are important elements of many of the tourism products offered by tourist destinations and thus, any change in atmospheric conditions could have a considerable impact [4–9]. Similarly, it should not be forgotten that tourism has been, and is, one of the factors responsible f ...
The Carbon the World Forgot - Boreal Songbird Initiative
... Industrial emissions of greenhouse gases are moving the world into an uncertain future where climate change will dominate environmental, political, and economic issues. Solutions to slow negative impacts of rapid and large changes are still possible, if we act swiftly and strategically on a global s ...
... Industrial emissions of greenhouse gases are moving the world into an uncertain future where climate change will dominate environmental, political, and economic issues. Solutions to slow negative impacts of rapid and large changes are still possible, if we act swiftly and strategically on a global s ...
The geography of global urban greenhouse gas emissions: an
... activities not within the target area, and the GHG emissions embodied in the goods consumed within the urban areas (Schulz 2010). These indirect emissions can be significant. For example, a study of Denver found that indirect emissions including air travel, fuel processing, and cement and food consu ...
... activities not within the target area, and the GHG emissions embodied in the goods consumed within the urban areas (Schulz 2010). These indirect emissions can be significant. For example, a study of Denver found that indirect emissions including air travel, fuel processing, and cement and food consu ...
An updated view of tipping points and the relevance for long
... The key findings are summarised in Table 1. Overall, this represents substantial progress since the review of Good et al. (2011) in terms of new observations and improved understanding of the risks and consequences of significant change in these systems. Large uncertainties do remain: observed chang ...
... The key findings are summarised in Table 1. Overall, this represents substantial progress since the review of Good et al. (2011) in terms of new observations and improved understanding of the risks and consequences of significant change in these systems. Large uncertainties do remain: observed chang ...
Elizabeth Marino - Initiative on Climate Adaptation Research and
... global discourse on climate change will unfold (in the Foucaultian sense of discourse, see Foucault 1969, 1977; Woolgar, 1986). Who controls this discourse, who is considered a ‘victim of climate change’, which communities subsidize costs for reducing green house gas emissions or sinking carbon, how ...
... global discourse on climate change will unfold (in the Foucaultian sense of discourse, see Foucault 1969, 1977; Woolgar, 1986). Who controls this discourse, who is considered a ‘victim of climate change’, which communities subsidize costs for reducing green house gas emissions or sinking carbon, how ...
Climate Change and US Interests
... the United States will fare better than most other countries has led some commentators to advance the climate change winner argument, claiming that it is irrational for the United States to take unilateral steps to mitigate climate change or to participate in a globally optimal international agreeme ...
... the United States will fare better than most other countries has led some commentators to advance the climate change winner argument, claiming that it is irrational for the United States to take unilateral steps to mitigate climate change or to participate in a globally optimal international agreeme ...
Normative aspects of climate adaptation policies
... This question focuses on the actual goals of a climate-adaptation policy. Policy goals are usually based not only on available scientific knowledge but on political and societal preferences. Moreover, there are often several paths that can lead a solution to a problem, and therefore there is choice. ...
... This question focuses on the actual goals of a climate-adaptation policy. Policy goals are usually based not only on available scientific knowledge but on political and societal preferences. Moreover, there are often several paths that can lead a solution to a problem, and therefore there is choice. ...
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Australian_Coat_of_Arms.png?width=300)
The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (or CPRS) was a proposed cap-and-trade system of emissions trading for anthropogenic greenhouse gases, due to be introduced in Australia in 2010 by the Rudd government, as part of its climate change policy. It marked a major change in the energy policy of Australia. The policy began when the Australian Labor Party was in opposition and the six Labor-controlled states commissioned an independent review on energy policy, the Garnaut Climate Change Review, which published a number of reports. Labor, after winning the federal election and forming a government, published a Green paper for discussion and comment. The Federal Treasury then modelled some of the financial and economic impacts of the proposed scheme.The Rudd Government published a final white paper on 15 December 2008. The Government announced that the legislation was intended to take effect in July 2010; but the legislation for the CPRS (aka ETS) failed to gain adequate support and was twice rejected creating a double dissolution election trigger. After a bitter political debate which saw former opposition leader Malcolm Turnbull lose his leadership of the opposition to the anti-CPRS Tony Abbott. The Rudd government did not call an election and the CPRS lost public support. In April 2010, Labor then deferred the CPRS. A successor to the CPRS, the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (CPM) was passed into law as part of the Clean Energy Futures Package (CEF) in 2011, but was repealed in July 2014 following a change in government.