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... WITCH is an economic model with an in-built representation of the energy sector, thus belonging to the class of fully integrated (hard link) hybrid models. It is a global model divided into 12 macro-regions. The model has two main distinguishing features in the context of the present analysis. The ...
... WITCH is an economic model with an in-built representation of the energy sector, thus belonging to the class of fully integrated (hard link) hybrid models. It is a global model divided into 12 macro-regions. The model has two main distinguishing features in the context of the present analysis. The ...
one planet – one Future
... The pathway to sustainable development Today our planet is home to more than seven billion people and will be home to two billion more by 2050.1 At the same time, economic and social inequality and environmental degradation are increasingly contributing to complex global crises. Growing global consu ...
... The pathway to sustainable development Today our planet is home to more than seven billion people and will be home to two billion more by 2050.1 At the same time, economic and social inequality and environmental degradation are increasingly contributing to complex global crises. Growing global consu ...
Maryland Commission on Climate Change
... the STWG concludes that science has demonstrated with a high degree of certainty that Earth’s climate is being changed by human activities, particularly the emission of greenhouse gases. Science has also provided a reliable description of how increased emissions will warm the Earth and how that warm ...
... the STWG concludes that science has demonstrated with a high degree of certainty that Earth’s climate is being changed by human activities, particularly the emission of greenhouse gases. Science has also provided a reliable description of how increased emissions will warm the Earth and how that warm ...
Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict
... Human security, as it affects people, has a lot more to do with the totality of the welfare and well-being of the citizens than military or police protection which is more the protection and security of the state or the government. While that must not be ignored to ensure the integrity of the state, ...
... Human security, as it affects people, has a lot more to do with the totality of the welfare and well-being of the citizens than military or police protection which is more the protection and security of the state or the government. While that must not be ignored to ensure the integrity of the state, ...
Sensitivity of marine systems to climate and fishing - Archimer
... is on the effects of fishing on the responses of marine systems to climate forcing. We also consider management approaches which may mitigate the effects of human exploitation on marine systems when climate is changing. In addition, we provide recommendations for research needed to further explore a ...
... is on the effects of fishing on the responses of marine systems to climate forcing. We also consider management approaches which may mitigate the effects of human exploitation on marine systems when climate is changing. In addition, we provide recommendations for research needed to further explore a ...
Trends in river floods: why is there no clear signal in observations?
... catchment and restricts flood plain storage, is probably the most significant impact of land-use change on flood risk. This is particularly true where development covers a highly permeable catchment. The increased catchment responsiveness makes urban flow regimes more vulnerable to intense convectiv ...
... catchment and restricts flood plain storage, is probably the most significant impact of land-use change on flood risk. This is particularly true where development covers a highly permeable catchment. The increased catchment responsiveness makes urban flow regimes more vulnerable to intense convectiv ...
Proceedings WARMING UP SEMINAR
... from oil are currently the largest fossil fuel contributor, but emissions from use of coal have been the fastest growing for the last decade. Indonesia has significant alternative and renewable energy resources, including geothermal, hydro, and biomass, as well as opportunities to save energy throug ...
... from oil are currently the largest fossil fuel contributor, but emissions from use of coal have been the fastest growing for the last decade. Indonesia has significant alternative and renewable energy resources, including geothermal, hydro, and biomass, as well as opportunities to save energy throug ...
How much heat can sport handle?
... for health in hot weather, 43-44 and unions such as The Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CMFEU) make it clear that this is a matter of workplace safety. This union’s heat policy is explicit in the slogan “35°C, That’s Enough”.45 With heatwaves intensifying and becoming more frequent ...
... for health in hot weather, 43-44 and unions such as The Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CMFEU) make it clear that this is a matter of workplace safety. This union’s heat policy is explicit in the slogan “35°C, That’s Enough”.45 With heatwaves intensifying and becoming more frequent ...
adaptive capacity and human cognition
... response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts. It refers to changes in processes, practices and structures to moderate potential changes or to benefit from opportunities associated with climate change (Smit & Pilifosova, 2001, p. 879). Two reasons account for the impor ...
... response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts. It refers to changes in processes, practices and structures to moderate potential changes or to benefit from opportunities associated with climate change (Smit & Pilifosova, 2001, p. 879). Two reasons account for the impor ...
Considerations for Addressing Climate Change
... across Canada conducted under the auspices of the Engineers Canada PIEVC initiative. Each study included in the analysis was conducted with input and guidance from expert working groups, who ensured that the assessments were conducted in accordance with the PIEVC Engineering Vulnerability Assessment ...
... across Canada conducted under the auspices of the Engineers Canada PIEVC initiative. Each study included in the analysis was conducted with input and guidance from expert working groups, who ensured that the assessments were conducted in accordance with the PIEVC Engineering Vulnerability Assessment ...
A note on including climate change adaptation in an international
... only because of observed and projected climate change or to cope with climate variability (including extreme events in the current climate) (Def 2). Starting again from Def. 1, the definition can also be extended to measures for which the reduction in climate change vulnerability is only a co-benefi ...
... only because of observed and projected climate change or to cope with climate variability (including extreme events in the current climate) (Def 2). Starting again from Def. 1, the definition can also be extended to measures for which the reduction in climate change vulnerability is only a co-benefi ...
Global Increase in Climate-Related Disasters
... show a 0.85 °C increase over 1880–2012—a warming that is extremely likely due to human influence, particularly anthropogenic GHG emissions. The 10 hottest years on record since 1880 all occurred after 1997, topped by 2014 (NOAA, National Climatic Data Center 2015). For the 38th consecutive year, ave ...
... show a 0.85 °C increase over 1880–2012—a warming that is extremely likely due to human influence, particularly anthropogenic GHG emissions. The 10 hottest years on record since 1880 all occurred after 1997, topped by 2014 (NOAA, National Climatic Data Center 2015). For the 38th consecutive year, ave ...
Scenario and modelling uncertainty in global mean temperature
... members based on the following three criteria. First, we required models with control states that had top of atmosphere radiative imbalance no greater than found in the previous atmospheric physics ensemble (Collins et al., 2011) and all 68 members passed. The second criterion rejected 10 models whe ...
... members based on the following three criteria. First, we required models with control states that had top of atmosphere radiative imbalance no greater than found in the previous atmospheric physics ensemble (Collins et al., 2011) and all 68 members passed. The second criterion rejected 10 models whe ...
Wooldridge et al. 2012. GBR Safeguarding Corals Against CC
... 2009). This mechanistic explanation is consistent with results of experimental enrichment of seawater with DIN, wherein the temperature-dependent loss of zooxanthellae was increased (Schlöder and D’Croz 2004; Baohua et al. 2004; Kuntz et al. 2005; Haas et al. 2009). In these studies, DIN concentrati ...
... 2009). This mechanistic explanation is consistent with results of experimental enrichment of seawater with DIN, wherein the temperature-dependent loss of zooxanthellae was increased (Schlöder and D’Croz 2004; Baohua et al. 2004; Kuntz et al. 2005; Haas et al. 2009). In these studies, DIN concentrati ...
Why countries move on with kyoto protocol w/o the US, Global
... Despite the unwillingness of the United States to embrace the Kyoto Protocol, other Annex In3 countries continue down the road that was pointed out in Kyoto. To enter into force the treaty must be ratified by at least 55 countries, including Annex I countries responsible for at least 55 percent of ...
... Despite the unwillingness of the United States to embrace the Kyoto Protocol, other Annex In3 countries continue down the road that was pointed out in Kyoto. To enter into force the treaty must be ratified by at least 55 countries, including Annex I countries responsible for at least 55 percent of ...
Political parties` climate policies in the UK, Italy and Denmark Paper
... Framework, case selection and data sources We expect that the development of climate policy will depend on how it facilitates or obstructs the pursuit of party goals conceived of as votes, office and cohesion (Sjöblom, 1968; Harmel and Janda, 1994; Strøm and Müller, 1999) and that this will vary acc ...
... Framework, case selection and data sources We expect that the development of climate policy will depend on how it facilitates or obstructs the pursuit of party goals conceived of as votes, office and cohesion (Sjöblom, 1968; Harmel and Janda, 1994; Strøm and Müller, 1999) and that this will vary acc ...
The Case of Climate Change
... cars, recycling), just to name a few. Topics such as climateinduced migration and risks to food security, among others, are also frequently included in a long list of consequences of climate change: “we will continue to see rising oceans, longer, hotter heat waves, dangerous droughts and floods, and ...
... cars, recycling), just to name a few. Topics such as climateinduced migration and risks to food security, among others, are also frequently included in a long list of consequences of climate change: “we will continue to see rising oceans, longer, hotter heat waves, dangerous droughts and floods, and ...
Trends in Observation and Research of Deep Ocean Circulation and
... as deep water. The seawater then travels in the sea, gets lighter due to mixing with surrounding seawater and geothermal heat, and then upwells toward the upper layer again. This circulation is called “thermohaline circulation.” It is a convection current that restores the heat balance between low l ...
... as deep water. The seawater then travels in the sea, gets lighter due to mixing with surrounding seawater and geothermal heat, and then upwells toward the upper layer again. This circulation is called “thermohaline circulation.” It is a convection current that restores the heat balance between low l ...
Hydrological Cycle in the Danube basin in present
... SRESA1B scenario runs. The basin-scale properties of the hydrological cycle are computed by spatially integrating the precipitation, evaporation, and runoff fields using the Voronoi-Thiessen tessellation formalism. The span of the modelsimulated mean annual water balances is of the same order of mag ...
... SRESA1B scenario runs. The basin-scale properties of the hydrological cycle are computed by spatially integrating the precipitation, evaporation, and runoff fields using the Voronoi-Thiessen tessellation formalism. The span of the modelsimulated mean annual water balances is of the same order of mag ...
Trends and Variability in Snowmelt Runoff in the Western United
... most sites indicate decreasing trends in SMR timing (trends to earlier SMR); however, many of the trends are not statistically significant. In addition, of the five water resource regions examined, trends are largest for the Missouri and Pacific Northwest water resource regions. A PCA of the time se ...
... most sites indicate decreasing trends in SMR timing (trends to earlier SMR); however, many of the trends are not statistically significant. In addition, of the five water resource regions examined, trends are largest for the Missouri and Pacific Northwest water resource regions. A PCA of the time se ...
How do recent population trends matter to climate change?
... and rural populations are 20 and 10 units respectively, and this difference will remain constant for the future (Table 4). Accordingly, the average per capita emission of the community is 15 units, which gives a total emission of 1,500,000 units for the baseline year. Fifty years later, if the popul ...
... and rural populations are 20 and 10 units respectively, and this difference will remain constant for the future (Table 4). Accordingly, the average per capita emission of the community is 15 units, which gives a total emission of 1,500,000 units for the baseline year. Fifty years later, if the popul ...
Climate change, Environmental Degradation and Migration, 29
... the one hand, to create the appropriate legislative basis which would cover situations arising from environmental migration, and, on the other hand, to ensure the implementation of such laws in practice. Existing legislation and policies may need to be reviewed to account for cases of individuals c ...
... the one hand, to create the appropriate legislative basis which would cover situations arising from environmental migration, and, on the other hand, to ensure the implementation of such laws in practice. Existing legislation and policies may need to be reviewed to account for cases of individuals c ...
2 Echoes of 1983 `Weather Alert` report
... The example of Viet Nam – facing a ‘triple whammy’ from climate change Vietnam faces a ‘triple whammy’ from climate change – typhoons, floods, and drought. In August 2007 a severe storm and flooding devastated the country’s central provinces. Then in October, Typhoon Lekima caused landslides and wi ...
... The example of Viet Nam – facing a ‘triple whammy’ from climate change Vietnam faces a ‘triple whammy’ from climate change – typhoons, floods, and drought. In August 2007 a severe storm and flooding devastated the country’s central provinces. Then in October, Typhoon Lekima caused landslides and wi ...