DDW11 Warming - Open Evidence Archive
... observed in ice core records were global. Thus, the temperature record of the Vostok ice core can be considered to simulate global climate evolution. Fig. 1 shows the atmospheric temperature changes (numerical data from Petit et al., 1999) over the Vostok site for the last 420,000 years. The changes ...
... observed in ice core records were global. Thus, the temperature record of the Vostok ice core can be considered to simulate global climate evolution. Fig. 1 shows the atmospheric temperature changes (numerical data from Petit et al., 1999) over the Vostok site for the last 420,000 years. The changes ...
Faculty of Science and Agriculture Dissertation submitted in partial
... are vulnerable to drought by using an improvised remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping approach. The research methodology was comprised of 1) assessment of vulnerability levels and 2) the calculation of established drought assessment indices comprising the Normalized D ...
... are vulnerable to drought by using an improvised remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping approach. The research methodology was comprised of 1) assessment of vulnerability levels and 2) the calculation of established drought assessment indices comprising the Normalized D ...
National Capacity Self-Assessment
... opportunities for capacity building to address the identified constraints. Jamaica became a Party to the UNFCCC in January of 1995. In conducting the assessment to evaluate the country’s capacity to effectively implement the UNFCCC and identify the capacity constraints, the consultant used questio ...
... opportunities for capacity building to address the identified constraints. Jamaica became a Party to the UNFCCC in January of 1995. In conducting the assessment to evaluate the country’s capacity to effectively implement the UNFCCC and identify the capacity constraints, the consultant used questio ...
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... industry and population than Georgia so the amount of CO2 emitted by the manufacturing sector in California is large enough to affect the temperature. More specifically, in the year 2011, manufacturing’s production value (calculated from GDP) in California is $989 billion (2005 dollars), while this ...
... industry and population than Georgia so the amount of CO2 emitted by the manufacturing sector in California is large enough to affect the temperature. More specifically, in the year 2011, manufacturing’s production value (calculated from GDP) in California is $989 billion (2005 dollars), while this ...
... limate change profoundly affects the natural and social environment. For example, changes in seasonal to interannual climate strongly affect agricultural production, the quantity and quality of water resources, and resources coming from land and marine ecosystems. IPCC (2007b) indicates several key ...
Request for CEO Endorsement - Global Environment Facility
... Likewise, it is important to analyze the social, economic and environmental impacts derived from the fulfillment of Mexico’s international responsibilities on climate change. The Sixth National Communication to the UNFCCC will assist the country in a better understanding of the drivers of GHG emissi ...
... Likewise, it is important to analyze the social, economic and environmental impacts derived from the fulfillment of Mexico’s international responsibilities on climate change. The Sixth National Communication to the UNFCCC will assist the country in a better understanding of the drivers of GHG emissi ...
Warming - Amazon Web Services
... warming is-say, compared to the past millennium-in itself contains little information about its cause. Even a highly unusual warming could have a natural cause (for example, an exceptional increase in solar activity). And even a warming within the bounds of past natural variations could have a predo ...
... warming is-say, compared to the past millennium-in itself contains little information about its cause. Even a highly unusual warming could have a natural cause (for example, an exceptional increase in solar activity). And even a warming within the bounds of past natural variations could have a predo ...
Multi-Model Projection of July–August Climate Extreme Changes
... climates (Zhou et al., 2007). Coordinated by the World Climate Research Program’s (WCRP’s) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), more than 20 state-of-the-art coupled global climate system models have been involved in the modeling activities for the Intergovernmental Panel on ...
... climates (Zhou et al., 2007). Coordinated by the World Climate Research Program’s (WCRP’s) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), more than 20 state-of-the-art coupled global climate system models have been involved in the modeling activities for the Intergovernmental Panel on ...
Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future
... latter part of the twenty-first century. Based on a range of models, it is probable that future tropical cyclones (typhoons and hurricanes) will become more intense, with larger peak wind speeds and more heavy precipitation associated with ongoing increases of tropical sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) ...
... latter part of the twenty-first century. Based on a range of models, it is probable that future tropical cyclones (typhoons and hurricanes) will become more intense, with larger peak wind speeds and more heavy precipitation associated with ongoing increases of tropical sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) ...
Challenges of a Sustained Climate Observing System
... At the surface, observing instruments can be calibrated, but sites often change and the representativeness of the observations is a concern. For instance, since the 1970s around 50,000 km^ per year of natural vegetation across Africa has been converted to agricultural land or cleared (Brink and Eva ...
... At the surface, observing instruments can be calibrated, but sites often change and the representativeness of the observations is a concern. For instance, since the 1970s around 50,000 km^ per year of natural vegetation across Africa has been converted to agricultural land or cleared (Brink and Eva ...
Fishermen`s Views of a Changing Ocean
... The profession of fishing is often multigenerational, with knowledge typically passed down from parent to child to grandchild. The combination of constant exposure to all kinds of weather; the consistent logging of data in the form of catch totals and locations; and a seemingly imperceptible unders ...
... The profession of fishing is often multigenerational, with knowledge typically passed down from parent to child to grandchild. The combination of constant exposure to all kinds of weather; the consistent logging of data in the form of catch totals and locations; and a seemingly imperceptible unders ...
A Review of The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change
... of CO2-equivalent (CO2 e). (The current level is ≈ 430 ppm CO2e, compared with ≈ 280 ppm CO2 e before the Industrial Revolution.) This would make temperatures a hundred years from now be at E[ΔT] ≈ 2˚C and would (hopefully) stabilize future temperatures permanently thereafter at Δ ≈ 3˚C. By contras ...
... of CO2-equivalent (CO2 e). (The current level is ≈ 430 ppm CO2e, compared with ≈ 280 ppm CO2 e before the Industrial Revolution.) This would make temperatures a hundred years from now be at E[ΔT] ≈ 2˚C and would (hopefully) stabilize future temperatures permanently thereafter at Δ ≈ 3˚C. By contras ...
Prospering in a Changing Climate
... Projections for South Australia indicate warmer and drier conditions across much of the state with an increased risk of severe weather events, including storms, flooding, heatwaves, drought and bushfires. These changes will affect our health, wellbeing and key industries that underpin the state’s ec ...
... Projections for South Australia indicate warmer and drier conditions across much of the state with an increased risk of severe weather events, including storms, flooding, heatwaves, drought and bushfires. These changes will affect our health, wellbeing and key industries that underpin the state’s ec ...
Cryosphere, Instability, Sea Level Rise Session 1
... Since the industrial revolution, the natural cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other greenhouse gases have been strongly unbalanced by human activities. For CO2, this has led to carbon sinks in land and ocean systems which together absorb more than half of anthropogenic emissions, represen ...
... Since the industrial revolution, the natural cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other greenhouse gases have been strongly unbalanced by human activities. For CO2, this has led to carbon sinks in land and ocean systems which together absorb more than half of anthropogenic emissions, represen ...
Climate change and the natural heritage
... drier summers, wetter winters, sea-level rise, and an increased risk of flooding, will all affect our lives. There is a global need to take action to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions which are responsible, but changes in climate will not be completely eliminated by these actions. We need also to ...
... drier summers, wetter winters, sea-level rise, and an increased risk of flooding, will all affect our lives. There is a global need to take action to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions which are responsible, but changes in climate will not be completely eliminated by these actions. We need also to ...
The green economy: a strategic approach to sustainable
... estimated that the Caribbean region is now 75% urbanised with variations in urban growth patterns across countries (Cohen 2004). Urban growth and development in Caribbean is often marred by growing informal settlements, urban sprawl, inefficient resource use and increasing demands on services such a ...
... estimated that the Caribbean region is now 75% urbanised with variations in urban growth patterns across countries (Cohen 2004). Urban growth and development in Caribbean is often marred by growing informal settlements, urban sprawl, inefficient resource use and increasing demands on services such a ...
Future Directions - WCRP Strategic Framework
... absence of a detailed implementation plan will make the required societal and policy relevance more difficult to achieve in the future. Yet it is the societal and policy relevance that will sustain WCRP in the long run and make the necessary resources easier to acquire. ...
... absence of a detailed implementation plan will make the required societal and policy relevance more difficult to achieve in the future. Yet it is the societal and policy relevance that will sustain WCRP in the long run and make the necessary resources easier to acquire. ...
CHAPTER 2 OUR CHANGING CLIMATE Climate Change Impacts in the United States
... 7. There have been changes in some types of extreme weather events over the last several decades. Heat waves have become more frequent and intense, especially in the West. Cold waves have become less frequent and intense across the nation. There have been regional trends in floods and drough ...
... 7. There have been changes in some types of extreme weather events over the last several decades. Heat waves have become more frequent and intense, especially in the West. Cold waves have become less frequent and intense across the nation. There have been regional trends in floods and drough ...
The origin of the savanna biome
... approach is extended to show why CO2 starvation of the terrestrial biosphere is an essential primer of the Earth system for the origination of C4 savanna ecosystems, and how the coevolution of herbivores (Janis et al., 2000; MacFadden, 2000; Bond & Keeley, 2005) acts to disrupt or enhance the networ ...
... approach is extended to show why CO2 starvation of the terrestrial biosphere is an essential primer of the Earth system for the origination of C4 savanna ecosystems, and how the coevolution of herbivores (Janis et al., 2000; MacFadden, 2000; Bond & Keeley, 2005) acts to disrupt or enhance the networ ...
Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and Carbon
... this context to simulate vegetation distributionunder several equilibrium climate change scenarios (VEMAP1995; Neilson and others 1998; Neilson and Drapek 1998). The resulting vegetation maps have then been used by biogeochemistrymodels to determine the carbonbudget estimates. The equilibriummodels ...
... this context to simulate vegetation distributionunder several equilibrium climate change scenarios (VEMAP1995; Neilson and others 1998; Neilson and Drapek 1998). The resulting vegetation maps have then been used by biogeochemistrymodels to determine the carbonbudget estimates. The equilibriummodels ...
Highly Significant Responses to Anthropogenic Forcings of the
... Nmin one simply sets T 5 2 in the above equation and solves for NLE . Note that this method requires knowledge of the population standard deviation (i.e., sLE ) which we estimate from the full 40-member ensemble, but alternatively could have been inferred from the PI control if such a large ensemble ...
... Nmin one simply sets T 5 2 in the above equation and solves for NLE . Note that this method requires knowledge of the population standard deviation (i.e., sLE ) which we estimate from the full 40-member ensemble, but alternatively could have been inferred from the PI control if such a large ensemble ...
Cooling the Earth with Crops
... regional climate, altering the whole bioclimatic regime in the region. This is important because the changes in water and energy fluxes in the Amazon have teleconnections worldwide which amplify the warming feedbacks.20 For instance, changes in the deep tropical atmospheric convection in the Amazon ...
... regional climate, altering the whole bioclimatic regime in the region. This is important because the changes in water and energy fluxes in the Amazon have teleconnections worldwide which amplify the warming feedbacks.20 For instance, changes in the deep tropical atmospheric convection in the Amazon ...
Thresholds and Closing Windows
... in Paris towards larger, earlier commitments to keep peak temperatures in the cryosphere as low as possible, the windows to prevent some of these changes may close during the 2020– 2030 commitment period. And some of these cryosphere thresholds, including potential fisheries and ecosystem loss from ...
... in Paris towards larger, earlier commitments to keep peak temperatures in the cryosphere as low as possible, the windows to prevent some of these changes may close during the 2020– 2030 commitment period. And some of these cryosphere thresholds, including potential fisheries and ecosystem loss from ...