Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa
... dynamics from the LPJ-GUESS DVM to account for land– atmosphere biophysical coupling (Smith et al., 2001, 2014). The RCA4-based physical component of RCA-GUESS incorporates advanced regional surface heterogeneity, such as complex topography and multi-level representations of forests and lakes, which ...
... dynamics from the LPJ-GUESS DVM to account for land– atmosphere biophysical coupling (Smith et al., 2001, 2014). The RCA4-based physical component of RCA-GUESS incorporates advanced regional surface heterogeneity, such as complex topography and multi-level representations of forests and lakes, which ...
Coral Bleaching 101 - NSTA Learning Center
... Anthony, K.R.N. et al., 2008. Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sciences 105:45, p. 17442 – 17446. ...
... Anthony, K.R.N. et al., 2008. Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sciences 105:45, p. 17442 – 17446. ...
variations - US CLIVAR
... Subsequent analyses of observations confirmed the Meehl et al. With regards to the three ocean mixing processes first identified model results to show that more heat was likely being mixed into by Meehl et al. (2011, 2013) as likely playing a role in internally the subsurface ocean during the hiatus ...
... Subsequent analyses of observations confirmed the Meehl et al. With regards to the three ocean mixing processes first identified model results to show that more heat was likely being mixed into by Meehl et al. (2011, 2013) as likely playing a role in internally the subsurface ocean during the hiatus ...
Full Report
... ■ Large savings, on the order of trillions of dollars, are available from distributing international abatement efficiently rather than using naive allocations like holding regional emissions at current levels: these savings may be particularly large for developing countries. ■ Several simple, plausi ...
... ■ Large savings, on the order of trillions of dollars, are available from distributing international abatement efficiently rather than using naive allocations like holding regional emissions at current levels: these savings may be particularly large for developing countries. ■ Several simple, plausi ...
Effects on Ecosystems
... Ecosystem Metabolism and Climate Change Photosynthesis, plant and microbial respiration tend to increase with increasing temperatures, but at higher temperatures respiration is often the more sensitive process As a consequence, global warming may result in a period ot net release of carbon from the ...
... Ecosystem Metabolism and Climate Change Photosynthesis, plant and microbial respiration tend to increase with increasing temperatures, but at higher temperatures respiration is often the more sensitive process As a consequence, global warming may result in a period ot net release of carbon from the ...
PDF
... growth and reproduction, greater levels or concentrations of carbon tend to increase growth rates in plants (Solomon and West, 1985). Early research into a carbon fertilization indicated that plant growth would increase due to doubled CO2, but the full extent of the effects varied ( Solomon and West ...
... growth and reproduction, greater levels or concentrations of carbon tend to increase growth rates in plants (Solomon and West, 1985). Early research into a carbon fertilization indicated that plant growth would increase due to doubled CO2, but the full extent of the effects varied ( Solomon and West ...
Assessing Climate Risks to Low Carbon Urban Projects
... 2015). Buildings, roads and other infrastructure in cities have long lifetimes, sometimes spanning 50 to 100 years of use. Urban infrastructure construction choices of today – retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency, setting green building standards for new infrastructure, encouraging ...
... 2015). Buildings, roads and other infrastructure in cities have long lifetimes, sometimes spanning 50 to 100 years of use. Urban infrastructure construction choices of today – retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency, setting green building standards for new infrastructure, encouraging ...
Approaches for generating climate change scenarios for use in
... that are available in the database include air temperature, rainfall, specific humidity and solar radiation. Drought information is not available in the database, hence it has to be developed based on some of the available climate variables. There are two main steps in estimating climate change impa ...
... that are available in the database include air temperature, rainfall, specific humidity and solar radiation. Drought information is not available in the database, hence it has to be developed based on some of the available climate variables. There are two main steps in estimating climate change impa ...
Summary of the First Forum for National Designated Entities (NDEs
... Incubator programme – extra support for LDCs to submit quality requests Secondment programme – for young professionals from NDE institutions to work in the CTCN Secretariat and bring lessons learned home Requests are CTCN capital to convince Parties that we are meaningful Session 1 - The Asian ...
... Incubator programme – extra support for LDCs to submit quality requests Secondment programme – for young professionals from NDE institutions to work in the CTCN Secretariat and bring lessons learned home Requests are CTCN capital to convince Parties that we are meaningful Session 1 - The Asian ...
i1880e12
... Climate change is expected to cause global average surface temperature to increase some 1 to 2.5 °C by 2030 and it is predicted that during this period, billions of people – particularly those in developing countries – will face changes in rainfall patterns and extreme events, such as severe water s ...
... Climate change is expected to cause global average surface temperature to increase some 1 to 2.5 °C by 2030 and it is predicted that during this period, billions of people – particularly those in developing countries – will face changes in rainfall patterns and extreme events, such as severe water s ...
Coral Reefs Face Extinction
... threaten the delicate reefs. Tourism — in the form of diving and snorkeling — can also cause damage. As with so many other endangered species around the world, there doesn't seem to be enough space for healthy coral reefs and unchecked human development. "It's just a litany of bad actions," says Bri ...
... threaten the delicate reefs. Tourism — in the form of diving and snorkeling — can also cause damage. As with so many other endangered species around the world, there doesn't seem to be enough space for healthy coral reefs and unchecked human development. "It's just a litany of bad actions," says Bri ...
Sensitivity of Amazon Regional Climate to Deforestation
... indicate a risk of climate change-driven rainforest dieback [55] [56]. In addition to the reduced precipitation predicted under conditions of extensive deforestation, “savannization” consequence of the “dieback” of the Amazon forests is expected in Eastern Amazonia under warming scenarios associated ...
... indicate a risk of climate change-driven rainforest dieback [55] [56]. In addition to the reduced precipitation predicted under conditions of extensive deforestation, “savannization” consequence of the “dieback” of the Amazon forests is expected in Eastern Amazonia under warming scenarios associated ...
Earth`s Climate
... Soot can dim the sun for years, and aerosols cause more clouds to form. Clouds can block the sun, as well as reflect sunlight into space before it can reach Earth’s surface. Together, these factors would lead to lower global temperatures. Lower temperatures would allow ice sheets to expand into lowe ...
... Soot can dim the sun for years, and aerosols cause more clouds to form. Clouds can block the sun, as well as reflect sunlight into space before it can reach Earth’s surface. Together, these factors would lead to lower global temperatures. Lower temperatures would allow ice sheets to expand into lowe ...
Pension Fund Trustees and climate change: one Year on Discussion PaPer
... An emergency summit held in Copenhagen in March 2009 brought together scientists from all over the world and drew attention to new research findings which indicate much higher temperature rises than previously anticipated and greater sea-level rises, as well as other, previously overlooked effects, ...
... An emergency summit held in Copenhagen in March 2009 brought together scientists from all over the world and drew attention to new research findings which indicate much higher temperature rises than previously anticipated and greater sea-level rises, as well as other, previously overlooked effects, ...
Climate change and challenges for conservation
... from episodes of rapid warming over the period since the last Ice Age does not suggest the occurrence of species losses at a magnitude comparable with estimates of extinction risk under predicted 21st century climate change 61. Understanding the reasons for this discrepancy is crucial to predicting ...
... from episodes of rapid warming over the period since the last Ice Age does not suggest the occurrence of species losses at a magnitude comparable with estimates of extinction risk under predicted 21st century climate change 61. Understanding the reasons for this discrepancy is crucial to predicting ...
climate of the arctic marine environment
... landmasses. Interannual and decadal-scale variations are prominent features of Arctic climate, complicating the distinction between natural and anthropogenically driven variations. Nevertheless, climate models consistently indicate that the Arctic is the most climatically sensitive region of the Nor ...
... landmasses. Interannual and decadal-scale variations are prominent features of Arctic climate, complicating the distinction between natural and anthropogenically driven variations. Nevertheless, climate models consistently indicate that the Arctic is the most climatically sensitive region of the Nor ...
States (and Cities) as Actors in Global Climate Regulation: Unitary
... the long term;16 the Conference of New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers (NEG-ECP) has formed a regional, cross-border plan to reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2010 and to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020;17 six western states and two Canadian provinces formed the Western Climate In ...
... the long term;16 the Conference of New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers (NEG-ECP) has formed a regional, cross-border plan to reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2010 and to 10% below 1990 levels by 2020;17 six western states and two Canadian provinces formed the Western Climate In ...
Current and future vulnerabilities to climate change in Ireland Report Series No. 29
... various environmental topics (including licence applications, waste prevention and environmental ...
... various environmental topics (including licence applications, waste prevention and environmental ...
Major Climate Feedback Processes Water Vapor Feedback Snow
... Faint Young Sun Paradox Solar luminosity was much weaker (~30%) in the early part of Earth’s history (a faint young Sun). If Earth’s albedo and greenhouse effect remained unchanged at that time, Earth’s mean surface temperature would be well below the freezing point of water during a large port ...
... Faint Young Sun Paradox Solar luminosity was much weaker (~30%) in the early part of Earth’s history (a faint young Sun). If Earth’s albedo and greenhouse effect remained unchanged at that time, Earth’s mean surface temperature would be well below the freezing point of water during a large port ...
gypsy moth and nun moth
... by climate extends to North- and South-America, southern parts of Africa, Australia and to New-Zealand. In addition, the potential range extends in Asia wider than the current distribution. According to EI-values, the climate is most suitable for L. monacha in South- and MiddleEurope, and through As ...
... by climate extends to North- and South-America, southern parts of Africa, Australia and to New-Zealand. In addition, the potential range extends in Asia wider than the current distribution. According to EI-values, the climate is most suitable for L. monacha in South- and MiddleEurope, and through As ...
Case Study: Climate Change Resilience of Melbourne
... have taken proactive measures in identifying and monitoring climate change impacts and planning for climate change adaptation. All councils, which have undertaken climate change adaptation planning, have implemented a risk management framework for their decision making. 13 The framework, based on th ...
... have taken proactive measures in identifying and monitoring climate change impacts and planning for climate change adaptation. All councils, which have undertaken climate change adaptation planning, have implemented a risk management framework for their decision making. 13 The framework, based on th ...
The Current and Future State of Victoria: a spatial perspective
... The role of transport infrastructure in influencing economic and other outcomes is particularly evident in central Melbourne, where infrastructure investment has generated significant benefits for Victoria, and has helped shape the scale and location of growth. The link between infrastructure provis ...
... The role of transport infrastructure in influencing economic and other outcomes is particularly evident in central Melbourne, where infrastructure investment has generated significant benefits for Victoria, and has helped shape the scale and location of growth. The link between infrastructure provis ...