US CLIVAR Science Plan
... together with its impacts on human and natural systems to establish a sound scientific basis for developing mitigation and adaptation options; and • Increased attention to the uncertainties and confidence limits of both observed and predicted climate information. ...
... together with its impacts on human and natural systems to establish a sound scientific basis for developing mitigation and adaptation options; and • Increased attention to the uncertainties and confidence limits of both observed and predicted climate information. ...
Abstract Book The Human Side of Climate Change Bergen 16
... The experience of an extreme event can serve to open up spaces for reflection upon the nature of the event, the underpinning causes, the immediate responses and effects on longer-term decision making. Extreme events are sometimes perceived as ‘unusual’ and infrequent within the lifespan of an indivi ...
... The experience of an extreme event can serve to open up spaces for reflection upon the nature of the event, the underpinning causes, the immediate responses and effects on longer-term decision making. Extreme events are sometimes perceived as ‘unusual’ and infrequent within the lifespan of an indivi ...
Rapid decline of the CO2 buffering capacity in the North Sea and
... surface water and atmospheric pCO2 have been reported to rise at comparable rates during the 1990s, though a recent study suggests that changes in precipitation may be driving the surface water pCO2 at ALOHA to rise faster than the atmospheric one [Dore et al., 2003]. Similar rates of surface water ...
... surface water and atmospheric pCO2 have been reported to rise at comparable rates during the 1990s, though a recent study suggests that changes in precipitation may be driving the surface water pCO2 at ALOHA to rise faster than the atmospheric one [Dore et al., 2003]. Similar rates of surface water ...
5.5.1 Introduction - Eionet Forum
... This report is an update and extension of the 2004 EEA report “Impacts of Europe’s changing climate”. Since 2004, much progress has been made in monitoring and assessing the impacts of climate change in Europe. The objectives of this report are to present this new information on past and projected c ...
... This report is an update and extension of the 2004 EEA report “Impacts of Europe’s changing climate”. Since 2004, much progress has been made in monitoring and assessing the impacts of climate change in Europe. The objectives of this report are to present this new information on past and projected c ...
Background Report: Integrated Ecological Impact Assessment
... Climate change impacts can also affect forest and range ecosystems via indirect means by affecting geomorphic processes, disturbance mechanisms or physical components of ecosystems (e.g., water, soils). Increased summer temperatures can lead to increased severity and frequency of fires, increased fr ...
... Climate change impacts can also affect forest and range ecosystems via indirect means by affecting geomorphic processes, disturbance mechanisms or physical components of ecosystems (e.g., water, soils). Increased summer temperatures can lead to increased severity and frequency of fires, increased fr ...
Summer climate and heatwaves in Europe
... Mechanisms behind the 2003 heatwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Mechanisms behind the 2003 heatwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Reproducing on Time When Temperature Varies: Shifts in the
... avoid fishes that feed near the shore during the day [8,24]. Evidence that this timing is important includes plasticity in the timing and intensity of reproduction in response to seasonal and spatial variation in tidal patterns, as well as changes in mate preferences and the timing of ovulation rela ...
... avoid fishes that feed near the shore during the day [8,24]. Evidence that this timing is important includes plasticity in the timing and intensity of reproduction in response to seasonal and spatial variation in tidal patterns, as well as changes in mate preferences and the timing of ovulation rela ...
Insights to Key Questions about Climate Change
... Chapter 1 introduces the two main chapters of the report that provide insights to the above two critical questions about climate change. Chapter 2 provides examples from a wide spectrum of scientists, scientific organizations, and the media of contradictions and confusion about whether human-induced ...
... Chapter 1 introduces the two main chapters of the report that provide insights to the above two critical questions about climate change. Chapter 2 provides examples from a wide spectrum of scientists, scientific organizations, and the media of contradictions and confusion about whether human-induced ...
Summary for Policymakers
... The primary cause of ocean acidification is the release of atmospheric CO2 from human activities. The only known realistic mitigation option on a global scale is to limit future atmospheric CO2 levels. Appropriate management of land use and land-use change can enhance uptake of atmospheric CO2 b ...
... The primary cause of ocean acidification is the release of atmospheric CO2 from human activities. The only known realistic mitigation option on a global scale is to limit future atmospheric CO2 levels. Appropriate management of land use and land-use change can enhance uptake of atmospheric CO2 b ...
Degrees of Change: Climate Warming and the Stakes for Canada
... No greater environmental and economic challenge faces Canada and Canadians than climate change. From melting sea ice in the Arctic to the pine beetle infestation in British Columbia to more extreme weather events, a warming globe from increased greenhouse gas emissions is making its effects known ri ...
... No greater environmental and economic challenge faces Canada and Canadians than climate change. From melting sea ice in the Arctic to the pine beetle infestation in British Columbia to more extreme weather events, a warming globe from increased greenhouse gas emissions is making its effects known ri ...
the role of the barents sea in the arctic climate system
... temperature) over the last decade is well known [Smedsrud et al., 2010]. This information has been used to evaluate regional and global models and to constrain the previously wide ranges [Simonsen and Haugan, 1996] in heat budgets. [4] The northward flowing Atlantic Water (AW) that keeps the BS partl ...
... temperature) over the last decade is well known [Smedsrud et al., 2010]. This information has been used to evaluate regional and global models and to constrain the previously wide ranges [Simonsen and Haugan, 1996] in heat budgets. [4] The northward flowing Atlantic Water (AW) that keeps the BS partl ...
Chapter 13
... Ocean currents have a great effect on climate because water holds large amounts of heat. The movement of surface ocean currents is caused mostly by winds and the rotation of the Earth. These surface currents redistribute warm and cool masses of water around the world and in doing so, they affe ...
... Ocean currents have a great effect on climate because water holds large amounts of heat. The movement of surface ocean currents is caused mostly by winds and the rotation of the Earth. These surface currents redistribute warm and cool masses of water around the world and in doing so, they affe ...
Landslide risk and climate change in the European alps
... impacted on landslide size and frequency distributions (after Malamud et al., 2004; see Section 8.2). Climate fluctuations vary at a number of different timescales from long-term solar driven changes (Shindell et al., 2001) and tectonic activity (Kump, 2002; Kitoh, 2004) to shorter term perturbation ...
... impacted on landslide size and frequency distributions (after Malamud et al., 2004; see Section 8.2). Climate fluctuations vary at a number of different timescales from long-term solar driven changes (Shindell et al., 2001) and tectonic activity (Kump, 2002; Kitoh, 2004) to shorter term perturbation ...
Whangarei District Climate Change Constraints Report
... production, increase infrastructure costs, and, in short, impact on many other areas of global human life. Higher global temperatures can affect the global biogeochemical cycles by changing various rates of reaction at massive scales. It is also generally recognised that future temperature changes w ...
... production, increase infrastructure costs, and, in short, impact on many other areas of global human life. Higher global temperatures can affect the global biogeochemical cycles by changing various rates of reaction at massive scales. It is also generally recognised that future temperature changes w ...
A comparison of structural and behavioural adaptations to future
... Due to the nature of the models used to produce climate change projections there is a level of uncertainty in the possible levels of future climate change. In the UK this uncertainty has been represented in the latest set of future climate projections UKCP09 [13] released by the UK Climate Impacts ...
... Due to the nature of the models used to produce climate change projections there is a level of uncertainty in the possible levels of future climate change. In the UK this uncertainty has been represented in the latest set of future climate projections UKCP09 [13] released by the UK Climate Impacts ...
Suggestions for monitoring of biological effects of
... standard protocols that was followed. Hyperspectral Imaging (HI) showed some potential but would need more testing. Measurements of respiration rates showed reduced respiration of Paramuricea placomus at 900 ppm, which follows the same pattern as in L. pertusa. Cold-water corals are not recommended ...
... standard protocols that was followed. Hyperspectral Imaging (HI) showed some potential but would need more testing. Measurements of respiration rates showed reduced respiration of Paramuricea placomus at 900 ppm, which follows the same pattern as in L. pertusa. Cold-water corals are not recommended ...
Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers
... The primary cause of ocean acidification is the release of atmospheric CO2 from human activities. The only known realistic mitigation option on a global scale is to limit future atmospheric CO2 levels. Appropriate management of land use and land-use change can enhance uptake of atmospheric CO2 b ...
... The primary cause of ocean acidification is the release of atmospheric CO2 from human activities. The only known realistic mitigation option on a global scale is to limit future atmospheric CO2 levels. Appropriate management of land use and land-use change can enhance uptake of atmospheric CO2 b ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.