Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks: Pathways toward
... Whether labeled ‘tipping points’ [Lenton and Schellnhuber, 2007; Lenton et al., 2008], ‘large-scale singular events’ [O’Neill et al., in rev.; Smith et al., 2001, 2009; Oppenheimer et al., 2014], or ‘abrupt impacts’ [National Research Council, 2002, 2013], large-scale, non-linear shifts in the Earth ...
... Whether labeled ‘tipping points’ [Lenton and Schellnhuber, 2007; Lenton et al., 2008], ‘large-scale singular events’ [O’Neill et al., in rev.; Smith et al., 2001, 2009; Oppenheimer et al., 2014], or ‘abrupt impacts’ [National Research Council, 2002, 2013], large-scale, non-linear shifts in the Earth ...
oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time
... deep ocean, at least, became highly corrosive to CaCO3. These same models applied to modern fossil fuel release project a substantial decline in surface water saturation state in the next century. So, there may be no precedent in Earth history for the type of disruption we might expect from the phen ...
... deep ocean, at least, became highly corrosive to CaCO3. These same models applied to modern fossil fuel release project a substantial decline in surface water saturation state in the next century. So, there may be no precedent in Earth history for the type of disruption we might expect from the phen ...
PDF
... Change Viewer (NCCV) and covers the historical period (1950-2005) and projections fro the 21st century (2006-2099) under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios. The NCCV1 allows to appreciate the change in climate at the county level. Figure 1 shows two screen captures f ...
... Change Viewer (NCCV) and covers the historical period (1950-2005) and projections fro the 21st century (2006-2099) under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios. The NCCV1 allows to appreciate the change in climate at the county level. Figure 1 shows two screen captures f ...
2 Forest soil functions
... CC0242 developed a modelling tool for estimating changes in soil carbon stocks due to changes in land use and management for the National Carbon Dioxide Inventory, although the system was also applied to possible climate impacts using UKCIP02 and HadCM3 scenario data. This showed that, assuming cons ...
... CC0242 developed a modelling tool for estimating changes in soil carbon stocks due to changes in land use and management for the National Carbon Dioxide Inventory, although the system was also applied to possible climate impacts using UKCIP02 and HadCM3 scenario data. This showed that, assuming cons ...
National Security in the 21st Century: How the National Security
... The National Security Act of 1947 (“NSA”) established the National Security Council (“NSC”) with the intention of ensuring an open and effective working “relationship between those responsible for foreign policy and those responsible for military policy”76 by creating a central advisory coordinating ...
... The National Security Act of 1947 (“NSA”) established the National Security Council (“NSC”) with the intention of ensuring an open and effective working “relationship between those responsible for foreign policy and those responsible for military policy”76 by creating a central advisory coordinating ...
Subgroup Analyses in Early Phase Clinical Trials
... • Modelling could still utilize continuous covariates (e.g. using splines) ...
... • Modelling could still utilize continuous covariates (e.g. using splines) ...
IPCC Robert M. Margolis 1992 MIT-CEEPR 92-011WP
... process. It draws on the results of interviews conducted with 14 participants in the IPCC process. The interviewees included people who took part in the IPCC process from the U.S. government (the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the State Department, the Department of Justi ...
... process. It draws on the results of interviews conducted with 14 participants in the IPCC process. The interviewees included people who took part in the IPCC process from the U.S. government (the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, the State Department, the Department of Justi ...
Contrasting urban and rural heat stress responses to climate change
... defined as the portion of the boundary layer below the tops of the surface roughness elements (building height) [Oke, 1976], are here given at a height of 2m above the source height for the turbulent fluxes, [13] The comparison of the present-day diurnal cycle of urban and rural temperatures during ...
... defined as the portion of the boundary layer below the tops of the surface roughness elements (building height) [Oke, 1976], are here given at a height of 2m above the source height for the turbulent fluxes, [13] The comparison of the present-day diurnal cycle of urban and rural temperatures during ...
Successful adaptation to climate change across scales
... There are three major lessons from the literature on cross-scale dynamics for implementing adaptation actions across regulatory and stakeholder landscapes (e.g. Adger et al., 2004; Wilbanks, 2002; Rotmans and Rothman, 2003). First, the issue of adaptation can become a crucible for amplifying existin ...
... There are three major lessons from the literature on cross-scale dynamics for implementing adaptation actions across regulatory and stakeholder landscapes (e.g. Adger et al., 2004; Wilbanks, 2002; Rotmans and Rothman, 2003). First, the issue of adaptation can become a crucible for amplifying existin ...
Slide 1
... should be integrated in project design and implementation plans Integrated Safeguards System ...
... should be integrated in project design and implementation plans Integrated Safeguards System ...
Temperature and trophic structure are driving microbial productivity
... In contrast, approaches relying on the species’ niche and competitive interactions suggest that an individual should perform best at the temperature found in its site of origin, due to local adaptation at the species-level (Kawecki and Ebert 2004) and species-sorting at the community-level (Leibold ...
... In contrast, approaches relying on the species’ niche and competitive interactions suggest that an individual should perform best at the temperature found in its site of origin, due to local adaptation at the species-level (Kawecki and Ebert 2004) and species-sorting at the community-level (Leibold ...
Out of the Maze Montreal Protocol, Climate Benefits
... the Montreal Protocol to finding significant, near-term reductions in emissions that are many times more potent climate forcers than carbon dioxide. Because the Montreal Protocol was undertaken to save the ozone layer, some will argue that we should not use the treaty in any other way. But protectin ...
... the Montreal Protocol to finding significant, near-term reductions in emissions that are many times more potent climate forcers than carbon dioxide. Because the Montreal Protocol was undertaken to save the ozone layer, some will argue that we should not use the treaty in any other way. But protectin ...
Sample Chapter - Brookings Institution
... had found a better method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. He promised to build on that experience if elected president. Whitman’s involvement included active support through a series of administrative orders and endorsement of legislation involving an acrossthe-board commitment by the state of N ...
... had found a better method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. He promised to build on that experience if elected president. Whitman’s involvement included active support through a series of administrative orders and endorsement of legislation involving an acrossthe-board commitment by the state of N ...
Developing and Applying Scenarios
... assessments. Tide gauge and wave height records of 50 years or more are required, along with information on severe weather and coastal processes, to establish baseline levels or trends. Although some components of future sea-level rise can be modeled regionally, using coupled ocean-atmosphere models ...
... assessments. Tide gauge and wave height records of 50 years or more are required, along with information on severe weather and coastal processes, to establish baseline levels or trends. Although some components of future sea-level rise can be modeled regionally, using coupled ocean-atmosphere models ...
Abstract In the area like Bhutan, accessing and monitoring of glacier
... hydrological years, the impact of temperature change on the streamflow are investigated ...
... hydrological years, the impact of temperature change on the streamflow are investigated ...
Climate change projections of sea level extremes along the
... twenty-first century SLP and wind stresses were extracted from each of four atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (GCM) simulations: A2 and B1 scenarios simulated by the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) CM2.1 model (Delworth et al. 2006) and by the National Center for Atmospher ...
... twenty-first century SLP and wind stresses were extracted from each of four atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (GCM) simulations: A2 and B1 scenarios simulated by the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) CM2.1 model (Delworth et al. 2006) and by the National Center for Atmospher ...
PETM: A Possible Analog to Modern Climate Change / Methane
... concentrations in the reconstruction of past climates. The main reason is that some past climatic episodes exhibit similarities to the modern-day rapid increases in the flux of carbon into our atmosphere and ocean. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), occurring early in the Cenozoic Era (65. ...
... concentrations in the reconstruction of past climates. The main reason is that some past climatic episodes exhibit similarities to the modern-day rapid increases in the flux of carbon into our atmosphere and ocean. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), occurring early in the Cenozoic Era (65. ...
A georeferenced agent-based model to analyze the
... land cover change (Manson and Evans, 2007; Parker et al., 2003), water management (Smajgl et al., 2009; Viaggi et al., 2009; Bithell and Brasington, 2009), residential segregation in urban contexts (Crooks, 2010) or insect outbreak spreading (Perez and Dragizevic, 2010). However, few studies have an ...
... land cover change (Manson and Evans, 2007; Parker et al., 2003), water management (Smajgl et al., 2009; Viaggi et al., 2009; Bithell and Brasington, 2009), residential segregation in urban contexts (Crooks, 2010) or insect outbreak spreading (Perez and Dragizevic, 2010). However, few studies have an ...
Soil Erosion Climate Change Impact Snapshot
... spanning the range of likely future changes in climate. NARCliM is explicitly designed to sample a large range of possible future climates. The NARCliM project used a “business as usual” scenario (IPCC A2 scenario) consistent with international modelling approaches. This scenario assumes global deve ...
... spanning the range of likely future changes in climate. NARCliM is explicitly designed to sample a large range of possible future climates. The NARCliM project used a “business as usual” scenario (IPCC A2 scenario) consistent with international modelling approaches. This scenario assumes global deve ...
Chapter -6 - UET Taxila
... Abstract-Glaciers are the product of nature and 68% of global fresh water is in the form of glaciers. The glacier melting rate has increased due to global warming and it has been estimated by the scientists that more than three quarters of the present day glaciers will disappear within the next fift ...
... Abstract-Glaciers are the product of nature and 68% of global fresh water is in the form of glaciers. The glacier melting rate has increased due to global warming and it has been estimated by the scientists that more than three quarters of the present day glaciers will disappear within the next fift ...
