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Adaptive, behaviorally gated, persistent encoding of task
Adaptive, behaviorally gated, persistent encoding of task

... sensory stimuli, depending on current task and context, is an essential component of flexible, goal-directed behavior. Neurons in frontal cortex are likely to contribute to this adaptive ability because of their extraordinary flexibility, responding differently to identical stimuli depending on the ...
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Ch 1: The reality problem
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The Problem of Consciousness by Francis Crick and

... V I S U A L T H E O R I S T S A G R E E that the problem of visual consciousness is ill posed. The mathematical term “ill posed” means that additional constraints are needed to solve the problem. Although the main function of the visual system is to perceive objects and events in the world around us ...
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... The orientation preference of neurons with similar receptive fields changes in a continuous fashion forming a pinwheellike area (1-mm diameter). The map of orientation preference is then repeated for neurons with adjacent receptive fields. ...
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... Perception of Color: Theories  So, how does this color paring theory explain color afterimage?  Some neurons (or groups of neurons) are stimulated by light from one part of the ...
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the search for principles of neuronal organization

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Artificial Neural Networks
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Attending to Contrast

THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 460:80–93 (2003)
THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 460:80–93 (2003)

... cord to verify that CRNs project onto reticulospinal neurons. Electron microscopy of the labeled CRNs axons and terminals showed that even their most central and thinnest processes are myelinated. Most of the terminals are axodendritic, with multiple asymmetric synapses, and contain round vesicles ( ...
中樞神經系統
中樞神經系統

... 2. Programming and fine-tuning movements controlled at the subconscious and conscious levels  Refines learned movement patterns by regulating activity of both the pyramidal and extrapyarmidal motor pathways of the cerebral cortex  Compares motor commands with sensory info from muscles and joints a ...
From Nerve Cells to Cognition: The Internal
From Nerve Cells to Cognition: The Internal

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Neurofeedback

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Biological Neurons and Neural Networks, Artificial Neurons
Biological Neurons and Neural Networks, Artificial Neurons

... “spike time coding” is the most realistic representation for artificial neural networks. However, averages of spike rates across time or populations of neurons carry a lot of the useful information, and so “rate coding” is a useful approximation. Spike coding is more powerful, but the computer model ...
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Binding problem

The binding problem is a term used at the interface between neuroscience, cognitive science and philosophy of mind that has multiple meanings.Firstly, there is the segregation problem: a practical computational problem of how brains segregate elements in complex patterns of sensory input so that they are allocated to discrete ""objects"". In other words, when looking at a blue square and a yellow circle, what neural mechanisms ensure that the square is perceived as blue and the circle as yellow, and not vice versa? The segregation problem is sometimes called BP1.Secondly, there is the combination problem: the problem of how objects, background and abstract or emotional features are combined into a single experience. The combination problem is sometimes called BP2.However, the difference between these two problems is not always clear. Moreover, the historical literature is often ambiguous as to whether it is addressing the segregation or the combination problem.
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