Gloster Aaron
... A nervous system transduces signals from the external and internal environment of an organism, processes those signals within networks of neurons, and ultimately delivers outputs via motor neurons. These systems depend on rapid and adaptable communication between neurons. The goal of this course is ...
... A nervous system transduces signals from the external and internal environment of an organism, processes those signals within networks of neurons, and ultimately delivers outputs via motor neurons. These systems depend on rapid and adaptable communication between neurons. The goal of this course is ...
Developmental biology 2008 Fates of the ectoderm: The neural tube
... Neurotrophins promote survival of specific neuronal and glial populations by locally counteracting the apoptotic cell death that would occur in their absence. Survival depends on competition for a limited supply of neurotrophins. ...
... Neurotrophins promote survival of specific neuronal and glial populations by locally counteracting the apoptotic cell death that would occur in their absence. Survival depends on competition for a limited supply of neurotrophins. ...
temporal visual event recognition
... in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled lines”, in which each neuron’s firing can represent events on dif ...
... in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled lines”, in which each neuron’s firing can represent events on dif ...
Melting the Iceberg
... which is contrast-gain control implemented through a divisive term (Heeger, 1992b), and half-squaring, which is a threshold followed by a power law with an exponent of approximately two (Heeger, 1992a). At the time of these proposals, it was not known how neurons could achieve squaring or division. ...
... which is contrast-gain control implemented through a divisive term (Heeger, 1992b), and half-squaring, which is a threshold followed by a power law with an exponent of approximately two (Heeger, 1992a). At the time of these proposals, it was not known how neurons could achieve squaring or division. ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... context-dependent stimulus-response mappings are called “rules”. By allowing us to quickly adapt to specific situations, rules endow the cognitive flexibility crucial for intelligent behavior. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is key to rule-based behaviors (Miller and Cohen, 2001). Rule-based tasks, espe ...
... context-dependent stimulus-response mappings are called “rules”. By allowing us to quickly adapt to specific situations, rules endow the cognitive flexibility crucial for intelligent behavior. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is key to rule-based behaviors (Miller and Cohen, 2001). Rule-based tasks, espe ...
Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli
... speculatively, the neuronal signals could reflect conscious perception or even an ‘act of will’ in taking up one perceptual interpretation rather than another. Such interpretations would elevate the neuronal signals under study to ‘neuronal correlates of consciousness’ [11–14]. Exciting although suc ...
... speculatively, the neuronal signals could reflect conscious perception or even an ‘act of will’ in taking up one perceptual interpretation rather than another. Such interpretations would elevate the neuronal signals under study to ‘neuronal correlates of consciousness’ [11–14]. Exciting although suc ...
Warren S. McCulloch: Why the Mind Is in the Head
... ones fade. While we are young, use leaves some sort of change, as freshets cut their channels in the hills so that aftercoming waters follow and enlarge their beds. Yet all other forms of memory, including written records, do nothing which cannot also be achieved by mere reverberation, and hence add ...
... ones fade. While we are young, use leaves some sort of change, as freshets cut their channels in the hills so that aftercoming waters follow and enlarge their beds. Yet all other forms of memory, including written records, do nothing which cannot also be achieved by mere reverberation, and hence add ...
Linking reward expectation to behavior in the basal ganglia
... light of recent theoretical work. For tasks in which the detection, discrimination or identification of a sensory stimulus leads directly to an action (such as an eye or arm movement), accuracy and response times can be accounted for by assuming that the sensory stimulus causes some (noisy) signal i ...
... light of recent theoretical work. For tasks in which the detection, discrimination or identification of a sensory stimulus leads directly to an action (such as an eye or arm movement), accuracy and response times can be accounted for by assuming that the sensory stimulus causes some (noisy) signal i ...
PDF file
... in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled lines”, in which each neuron’s firing can represent events on dif ...
... in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled lines”, in which each neuron’s firing can represent events on dif ...
what distinguishes conscious experience from unconscious processes
... Yet the best this can tell us is that the firing of a particular group of neurons is a necessary condition for a person being conscious of a particular sort of thing. But having those neurons fire cannot, on its own, account for our conscious experience. Or, at the very least, there is no convincing ...
... Yet the best this can tell us is that the firing of a particular group of neurons is a necessary condition for a person being conscious of a particular sort of thing. But having those neurons fire cannot, on its own, account for our conscious experience. Or, at the very least, there is no convincing ...
Symbolic Reasoning in Spiking Neurons:
... represent complex symbol-like structures. That is, while we might be able to say that one particular vector represents the concept of a square, another vector represents a triangle, and another represents a particular colour, this does not address the question of how we can represent “a blue circle ...
... represent complex symbol-like structures. That is, while we might be able to say that one particular vector represents the concept of a square, another vector represents a triangle, and another represents a particular colour, this does not address the question of how we can represent “a blue circle ...
Synpotic presentation on the retirement fund problem by LSU
... MORE UAL IMPACT ON TRSL PARTICIPANTS ...
... MORE UAL IMPACT ON TRSL PARTICIPANTS ...
What can cognitive psychology and sensory evaluation learn from
... to identify the physical properties that determine its response (e.g., the wavelength of light determines the perception of color). So the question for smell has been to find the physical or chemical properties that determine the odor of a molecule or a mixture. And essentially, that effort has failed ...
... to identify the physical properties that determine its response (e.g., the wavelength of light determines the perception of color). So the question for smell has been to find the physical or chemical properties that determine the odor of a molecule or a mixture. And essentially, that effort has failed ...
A proposed common neural mechanism for categorization and
... decision is signaled by only one possible set of movements, the decision need not be mediated in an intentional framework. Extending this view to the classic noisy motion, perceptual decision task, the decision could be captured by neurons that signal the perceived direction of the motion rather t ...
... decision is signaled by only one possible set of movements, the decision need not be mediated in an intentional framework. Extending this view to the classic noisy motion, perceptual decision task, the decision could be captured by neurons that signal the perceived direction of the motion rather t ...
Artificial neural network
... Artificial neural networks are made up of interconnecting artificial neurons (usually simplified neurons) designed to model (or mimick) some properties of biological neural networks. Artificial neural networks can be used to model the modes of operation of biological neural networks, whereas cogniti ...
... Artificial neural networks are made up of interconnecting artificial neurons (usually simplified neurons) designed to model (or mimick) some properties of biological neural networks. Artificial neural networks can be used to model the modes of operation of biological neural networks, whereas cogniti ...
Brain Organization Simulation System
... large BOSS models run on 1,024 processor-nodes of NY-Blue, our local IBM Blue Gene/L supercomputer. Simulating each clock-second of electrical activity in 100 billion synapses and 8 million to 1 billion neurons takes 2 to 4 hours. Slender computer memories limit the number of synapses in BOSS models ...
... large BOSS models run on 1,024 processor-nodes of NY-Blue, our local IBM Blue Gene/L supercomputer. Simulating each clock-second of electrical activity in 100 billion synapses and 8 million to 1 billion neurons takes 2 to 4 hours. Slender computer memories limit the number of synapses in BOSS models ...
Consciousness, Emotion, and Imagination: A Brain
... analogical representations, which closely resemble raw sensory input, this semantic gap is small and these questions are more easily answered. In addition to these representational considerations, the design of the proposed architecture reflects the view, common among proponents of connectionism, th ...
... analogical representations, which closely resemble raw sensory input, this semantic gap is small and these questions are more easily answered. In addition to these representational considerations, the design of the proposed architecture reflects the view, common among proponents of connectionism, th ...
Visual adaptation: Neural, psychological and computational aspects
... apply to a linear–nonlinear system. Instead, one can make predictions for how filtering properties should change after a change in stimulus statistics in order to maintain coding efficiency. Suppose the parameters of the linear–nonlinear system are optimally suited for encoding a stimulus distribution ...
... apply to a linear–nonlinear system. Instead, one can make predictions for how filtering properties should change after a change in stimulus statistics in order to maintain coding efficiency. Suppose the parameters of the linear–nonlinear system are optimally suited for encoding a stimulus distribution ...
Gestalt Issues in Modern Neuroscience
... Ganzfeld by Metzger, 1930, and of figure-ground segregation by Ehrenstein, 1930) is the need for sufficient contrast of the visual stimulus. Unless the contrast of a stimulus is above threshold (absolute or differential), Gestalt factors cannot act on it. In order for structural (Gestalt) laws to be ...
... Ganzfeld by Metzger, 1930, and of figure-ground segregation by Ehrenstein, 1930) is the need for sufficient contrast of the visual stimulus. Unless the contrast of a stimulus is above threshold (absolute or differential), Gestalt factors cannot act on it. In order for structural (Gestalt) laws to be ...
Topographic Maps are Fundamental to Sensory
... also permit local neural circuits that effectively average or interpolate over space and time. For example, Barlow indicated how neurons in a retinotopic V1 might smooth sample points to yield different signals if three closely spaced dots are aligned or not, a task that can be done perceptually wit ...
... also permit local neural circuits that effectively average or interpolate over space and time. For example, Barlow indicated how neurons in a retinotopic V1 might smooth sample points to yield different signals if three closely spaced dots are aligned or not, a task that can be done perceptually wit ...
Physiology of Proprioception in Balance
... Exteroception: By which one perceives the outside world. Interoception: By which one perceives pain, hunger…etc and the movement of internal organs. E.g.: peristalsis which is the typical movement of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. ...
... Exteroception: By which one perceives the outside world. Interoception: By which one perceives pain, hunger…etc and the movement of internal organs. E.g.: peristalsis which is the typical movement of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. ...
Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity
... of Wnt, FGF, and BMP’s induces formation of Slug and Rho B proteins slug – dissociation of tight junctions, loss of N-cadherin Rho B – promotes actin polymerization into microfilaments ...
... of Wnt, FGF, and BMP’s induces formation of Slug and Rho B proteins slug – dissociation of tight junctions, loss of N-cadherin Rho B – promotes actin polymerization into microfilaments ...
The Information Processing Mechanism of the Brain
... System components, produce complex meaningful operations which make up purposeful human behaviour. (The analogy between transistor and network is somewhat stretched but, in essence, the neural network is a unit that performs processing of activity patterns.) There is reason to recap the central prop ...
... System components, produce complex meaningful operations which make up purposeful human behaviour. (The analogy between transistor and network is somewhat stretched but, in essence, the neural network is a unit that performs processing of activity patterns.) There is reason to recap the central prop ...