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of the proposed roof top garden?
of the proposed roof top garden?

... costs, for example, but retain and detain storm water. We knew that green roofs also absorbed carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, but nobody had measured the impact until now. The goal of our research was to evaluate the carbon storage potential of extensive gr ...
Read more… - Honey & Thistles
Read more… - Honey & Thistles

... travelling by air or using high levels of fossil fuels in other ways can offset their ‘carbon footprint’ by planting trees to absorb the equivalent amount of CO² (Lynas, 2007). ...
1a) What is climate change?
1a) What is climate change?

... Human - sourced emissions of these gases has led to their increased concentration in the atmosphere. This has led to the greenhouse effect becoming enhanced. With more thermal energy being absorbed there has been an increase in average global temperatures – a phenomenon known as global warming. The ...
Penny Whetton
Penny Whetton

... Greater risks for coastal flooding from sea-level rise and storm surges Area inundated by a 1-in-100 year storm surge in Cairns is likely to double by 2050 ...
Lesson - nottspgcegeog
Lesson - nottspgcegeog

... David Milligan Fantastic Geographies – Melting Ice Rationale: Climate change is prevalent in much of today’s media. The media focuses on the causes of climate change and the direct effects through sea level rise. However we rarely hear about the melting Cryosphere as a whole and the impacts this wil ...
Climate Service - Hans von Storch
Climate Service - Hans von Storch

... and how the environmental response impacts the “society”. • The optimal policy, employing market and policy instruments, is that mixture which minimizes the total costs of adaptation and abatement (mitigation) ...
CSS: Climate Screening
CSS: Climate Screening

... NOT prescriptive: many possible adaptation plans for a project NOT driven by uncertain climate scenarios NOT forcing all projects to conduct full climate audits ...
Dr Ram Boojh - Oceans Day at Cancun
Dr Ram Boojh - Oceans Day at Cancun

... known to be one and half times more than what it was 15 years ago) • The span of monsoon season has shifted (approximately it is now delayed by 15 - 20 days) • The number of cloudy & humid summer days has increased ...
PowerPoint - Columbia University
PowerPoint - Columbia University

... 2. Restore Sea Ice: Aim for -0.5 W/m2 CO2: 385 ppm  300-325 ppm Range based on uncertainty in present planetary energy imbalance (between 0.5 and 1 W/m2) ...
The Oceans and Climate
The Oceans and Climate

... response to our species. They store immense amounts of energy for months, decades or even centuries, depending on the región, depth and the nature of the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean. This storage capacity acts as a giant flywheel to the climate system, moderating change but prolongi ...
Summer - Southeast Regional Climate Center
Summer - Southeast Regional Climate Center

... states between the atmosphere, land surface, and underground. Changes in the Hydrologic Cycle over an area can influence changes in climate, such as drought or flooding. Drought is an abnormal water shortage over time. It is in many cases a naturally occurring aspect of climate, and is not permanent ...
Journalism 614: Content Analysis
Journalism 614: Content Analysis

... “Australia will spend $200 million ($161 million U.S) to reduce the clearing of forests in Asia, Prime Minister John Howard said. The funds to support sustainable logging would help curb greenhouse gas emissions, Howard told reporters in Canberra. His Liberal-National government, trailing the main o ...
[draft 3 – August 26] - Permanent Mission to the United Nations
[draft 3 – August 26] - Permanent Mission to the United Nations

... It is our view that the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in general and marine biodiversity in particular, plays an integral part in the socio-economic development of the Marshall Islands. As a nation whose single most important productive sector and key export is fisheries, the stat ...
Nature - MOspace
Nature - MOspace

... – CAER will analyze archived climate data to examine intensity, frequency, and duration of sector impacting events – A regional climate model will be used to simulate impacts based on IPCC Scenarios. – Climate model outputs will be used to drive an economic model to quantify regional economic impact ...
ClimateJustice
ClimateJustice

... Climate Change “The issue of climate change is one that we ignore at our own peril…And unless we free ourselves from a dependence on these fossil fuels and chart a new course on energy in this country, we are condemning future generations to global catastrophe.”- Barack Obama ...
Climate change research at the Met Office Hadley Centre
Climate change research at the Met Office Hadley Centre

... • Ice recovered in winter 08/09 – but thinner. Long-term impact? Irreversible/ratchet effect? • Models that can reproduce observed behaviour suggest summer ice will be lost around 2040s-2060s • However models may not reproduce the processes of recent change in detail – so future of Arctic still unce ...
Academic writing vs non academic writing
Academic writing vs non academic writing

... makes an argument based on what is known about a topic ...
A North Carolina Citizen`s Guide to Global Warming
A North Carolina Citizen`s Guide to Global Warming

... of CO2 is now about 385 parts per million (ppm), or 43 percent above the estimated pre-industrial level of 270 ppm.5 The increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is due to human CO2 emissions, which come mainly from the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. Total human CO2 emissio ...
Climate vulnerability assessments
Climate vulnerability assessments

... – National climate vulnerability assessments – Evidence-based advocacy/awareness raising on climate change adaptation – Education for action and citizenship among young people – Climate Forum East  Expected results ...
Climate Change in Arkansas - Southern Climate Impacts Planning
Climate Change in Arkansas - Southern Climate Impacts Planning

... change are extremely thorough, consider the unique geography and climate of every region, and look forward 25 and 100 years (NOAA). In Arkansas, models project more severe weather outbreaks, more frequent and intense heat waves, and changes in rainfall that will likely create more periods of heavy p ...
ocean heat content
ocean heat content

... the ocean as a rain gage  Global warming from increasing greenhouse gases goes mainly into the ocean; some into melting of land and sea ice. Both contribute to sea level rise but using heat to melt land ice contributes about a factor of 50 more. It is essential to balance both sea level and heat bu ...
US National Climate Change Assessment on Forest Ecosystems: An
US National Climate Change Assessment on Forest Ecosystems: An

... the beginning of the industrial revolution in 1850. Over the next century, increasing gas concentrations could cause the temperature on the surface of the Earth to rise as much as 2–3°C over historic mean annual levels. Variation in annual climate could also increase. The United States experienced o ...
Resilient Coastal City Regions - Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
Resilient Coastal City Regions - Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

... Clinton Climate Initiative or the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, two efforts to help large cities reduce their GHG emissions that since have merged. The planning directors’ queries led to a series of briefings in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at a 2007 seminar that was part of an annual program co ...
a response to the speech on development beyond aid by the
a response to the speech on development beyond aid by the

... c) Of further critical concern is the lack of coherence within Hilary Benn’s own series of speeches. His first speech focused on ‘economic growth as the means to achieve poverty reduction’, regarding the environment as one of seven essential ingredients and a necessary resource for growth, but conv ...
Alaska and the Arctic - USA National Phenology Network
Alaska and the Arctic - USA National Phenology Network

... twice the rate of warming over the past century, with mean annual summer temperatures increasing 1.9°C (3.4°F) and mean annual winter temperatures increasing 3.5°C (6.3°F), compared with 0.8 – 2.0°C in other regions [1, 2]. Temperatures are expected to rise another 1.9 – 3.9°C (3.5 – 7.0°F) in the n ...
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Global warming



Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.
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