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... the poor, who spend a large share of their income on food More and better jobs (farm, nonfarm rural, agro-processing) Improved food security (food shocks increase poverty, civil unrest, and can impair human capital development) ...
... the poor, who spend a large share of their income on food More and better jobs (farm, nonfarm rural, agro-processing) Improved food security (food shocks increase poverty, civil unrest, and can impair human capital development) ...
AWG Kyoto Protocol Intervention
... All new proposals must be brought to the table by Bonn, so they can be fairly considered by all Parties. In Copenhagen, we need to have come to an agreement that will enable us to avoid dangerous climate change, not just on paper, but in the real economy. The Copenhagen decisions must ensure that we ...
... All new proposals must be brought to the table by Bonn, so they can be fairly considered by all Parties. In Copenhagen, we need to have come to an agreement that will enable us to avoid dangerous climate change, not just on paper, but in the real economy. The Copenhagen decisions must ensure that we ...
Regulatory Measures on Efficiency at IMO and UNFCCC International Chamber of Shipping
... International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Labour Organization (ILO) United Nations European Union ...
... International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Labour Organization (ILO) United Nations European Union ...
Document
... •Hadley Cell workshop 2002: Merging of P/C scientists •Drought workshop, US 2003: International networking •ESF, Spain, 2003: Linking modeling-data community •PMIP Meetings •The Paleoclimate Intercomparison Project (PMIP) •P/C networking within other programs (EPICA/IMAGES) •P/C addressed some IPCC ...
... •Hadley Cell workshop 2002: Merging of P/C scientists •Drought workshop, US 2003: International networking •ESF, Spain, 2003: Linking modeling-data community •PMIP Meetings •The Paleoclimate Intercomparison Project (PMIP) •P/C networking within other programs (EPICA/IMAGES) •P/C addressed some IPCC ...
Climate change and the distribution and intensity of infectious
... abundance. In highland areas with relatively low mosquito numbers, even small increases in mosquito abundance strongly increase malaria transmission. An appropriate alternative to rejecting climate effects in favor of unidentified factors would be to test a series of potential causal variables includ ...
... abundance. In highland areas with relatively low mosquito numbers, even small increases in mosquito abundance strongly increase malaria transmission. An appropriate alternative to rejecting climate effects in favor of unidentified factors would be to test a series of potential causal variables includ ...
Climate Change Science - Frequently Asked Questions
... Throughout history, the Earth has experienced cold and warm periods, including ice ages and interglacial periods. Over the past million years, these natural climate changes were due to periodic variations in the Earth’s orbit that affect the amount of sunlight reaching the surface. Ice ages historic ...
... Throughout history, the Earth has experienced cold and warm periods, including ice ages and interglacial periods. Over the past million years, these natural climate changes were due to periodic variations in the Earth’s orbit that affect the amount of sunlight reaching the surface. Ice ages historic ...
Means, Extremes and the Changing Character of Maine`s Climate
... • Changes in the mean may accompany changes in the full distribution of a climate variable: changes the probability of ...
... • Changes in the mean may accompany changes in the full distribution of a climate variable: changes the probability of ...
Brendan Reid of the Carbon Trust
... corporations now voluntarily report carbon emissions, policy and strategy Understand and manage ...
... corporations now voluntarily report carbon emissions, policy and strategy Understand and manage ...
Institutional Hurdles to Planning for Climate Change in the
... The Problem: The System is Already Taxed • Little or no room for growth in supply for the Columbia River and much of the PNW. Patterns of year-to-year and decade-to-decade climate variability may exacerbate or ameliorate potential impacts. ...
... The Problem: The System is Already Taxed • Little or no room for growth in supply for the Columbia River and much of the PNW. Patterns of year-to-year and decade-to-decade climate variability may exacerbate or ameliorate potential impacts. ...
RADIATIVE AND CLIMATE EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS OVER THE
... measurements are certainly needed. We believe that our simulations could be fitted better to the observation if we added more realistic aerosol data. In the near future, NARCM will use a new microphysics scheme (Girard and Curry 2001) which will account for effect of aerosol composition on the ice n ...
... measurements are certainly needed. We believe that our simulations could be fitted better to the observation if we added more realistic aerosol data. In the near future, NARCM will use a new microphysics scheme (Girard and Curry 2001) which will account for effect of aerosol composition on the ice n ...
Stefan Greiving, ESPON Climate
... Aggregated changes in climate stimuli are more severe in Scandinavia, the Alpine region and parts of South-eastern Europe. Range of values between 1.14 and 3.25 – some regions are three times as much exposed as others. This does not necessarily mean that the vulnerability of Scandinavian regions is ...
... Aggregated changes in climate stimuli are more severe in Scandinavia, the Alpine region and parts of South-eastern Europe. Range of values between 1.14 and 3.25 – some regions are three times as much exposed as others. This does not necessarily mean that the vulnerability of Scandinavian regions is ...
Policymaker Summary
... the same period global sea level has increased by 1020 c m . These increases have not been smooth with time, nor uniform over the globe. The size o f this warming is broadly consistent with predictions of climate models, but it is also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. Thus the o ...
... the same period global sea level has increased by 1020 c m . These increases have not been smooth with time, nor uniform over the globe. The size o f this warming is broadly consistent with predictions of climate models, but it is also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. Thus the o ...
Climate change and EUs 2015 international agreement on
... Parties to the 2015 Agreement along a spectrum of commitments that reflect national circumstances, are widely perceived as equitable and fair and that are collectively sufficient avoiding any shortfall in ambition? How can the 2015 Agreement capture particular opportunities with respect to specific ...
... Parties to the 2015 Agreement along a spectrum of commitments that reflect national circumstances, are widely perceived as equitable and fair and that are collectively sufficient avoiding any shortfall in ambition? How can the 2015 Agreement capture particular opportunities with respect to specific ...
CCS Summer School Developing countries Context July 6-11, 2014, Austin, Texas
... reduction/limitation targets of GHG for Annex 1 and Annex 2 (countries undergoing economic transition). ...
... reduction/limitation targets of GHG for Annex 1 and Annex 2 (countries undergoing economic transition). ...
Climate and greenhouse gases
... however, because the effects of aerosols are complex. For example, dark aerosols, such as carbon in fire smoke, tend to absorb solar radiation and enhance warming, while pale-coloured aerosols, such as sulphate particles formed from many kinds of industrial emissions, reflect solar radiation back to ...
... however, because the effects of aerosols are complex. For example, dark aerosols, such as carbon in fire smoke, tend to absorb solar radiation and enhance warming, while pale-coloured aerosols, such as sulphate particles formed from many kinds of industrial emissions, reflect solar radiation back to ...
... The politics of climate change are complex due to numerous factors that arise from the global economy's complex interdependence on carbon dioxide emitting hydrocarbon energy sources and because carbon dioxide is directly implicated in global warming making global warming a non-traditional environmen ...
Physical Climatology
... may not only have intense effects on the hydrological cycle, but that the hydrological cycle itself may also reciprocate and influence climate change. It is now recognized that climate change, or global warming, can directly effect precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture. It has been pr ...
... may not only have intense effects on the hydrological cycle, but that the hydrological cycle itself may also reciprocate and influence climate change. It is now recognized that climate change, or global warming, can directly effect precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture. It has been pr ...
Climatology and Climate Change
... Which yield more complete data on atmospheric gases and temperature To the elements (and difficulties) of climate forecasting Which took me (as described in the following lecture) to the topics of: The "carbon footprints" of alternative energy technologies And to the possibly wishful proposals for " ...
... Which yield more complete data on atmospheric gases and temperature To the elements (and difficulties) of climate forecasting Which took me (as described in the following lecture) to the topics of: The "carbon footprints" of alternative energy technologies And to the possibly wishful proposals for " ...
Students` guide
... Piqa the polar bear and the world! 1. Use air-conditioning sensibly, or use a fan instead of an air-conditioner. 2. Switch off electrical appliances at the power socket when not in use. 3. Take public transport, and walk or cycle where possible. 4. Reduce, reuse and recycle where possible. 5. Spread ...
... Piqa the polar bear and the world! 1. Use air-conditioning sensibly, or use a fan instead of an air-conditioner. 2. Switch off electrical appliances at the power socket when not in use. 3. Take public transport, and walk or cycle where possible. 4. Reduce, reuse and recycle where possible. 5. Spread ...
Week 3 Figures ()
... Under stable ocean temperatures, methane hydrate can be released through slumping and permafrost warming due to rising arctic waters. Another way to release methane hydrate is through warming ocean temperatures. ...
... Under stable ocean temperatures, methane hydrate can be released through slumping and permafrost warming due to rising arctic waters. Another way to release methane hydrate is through warming ocean temperatures. ...
Climate Change and Its Impacts - National Center for Policy Analysis
... The Earth’s climate began a recent general warming trend long before global industrial development led to substantial increases in greenhouse gases beginning in the middle of the 20th century. Indeed, the Earth’s climate has been warming since the “Little Ice Age” ended in the mid-1800s. [See Figure ...
... The Earth’s climate began a recent general warming trend long before global industrial development led to substantial increases in greenhouse gases beginning in the middle of the 20th century. Indeed, the Earth’s climate has been warming since the “Little Ice Age” ended in the mid-1800s. [See Figure ...
Zealand`s New Action on Climate Change
... effects of climate change, and become more resilient to the changes that are coming. We’re not starting from scratch. Government, businesses, researchers and communities are already working on the challenges posed by climate change. As we face the realities of a warming climate, policies across all ...
... effects of climate change, and become more resilient to the changes that are coming. We’re not starting from scratch. Government, businesses, researchers and communities are already working on the challenges posed by climate change. As we face the realities of a warming climate, policies across all ...
Presentation - IEA Task 38
... Albedo largely determines the amount of net radiation (Rn , i.e., available energy) at the surface getting partitioned into latent heat, sensible heat, or a ground heat ...
... Albedo largely determines the amount of net radiation (Rn , i.e., available energy) at the surface getting partitioned into latent heat, sensible heat, or a ground heat ...
The Changing Annual Rainfall and Temperature
... bounds as its impact can be felt from the local through the international or global levels. The present study is therefore aimed at assessing the issue of climate change for Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria baring characteristic data problems of the developing world. The rainfall and temperature averag ...
... bounds as its impact can be felt from the local through the international or global levels. The present study is therefore aimed at assessing the issue of climate change for Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria baring characteristic data problems of the developing world. The rainfall and temperature averag ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.