Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and
... reduce their exposure and sensitivity to climatic extremes and variability, and thus dismiss any changes. ...
... reduce their exposure and sensitivity to climatic extremes and variability, and thus dismiss any changes. ...
decadal climate variability, predictability and prediction
... The scientific understanding of Earth’s climate system is now sufficiently developed to show that climate change from anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing is already upon us, and the rate of change as projected exceeds anything seen in nature in the past 10,000 years. The indisputable evidence of gl ...
... The scientific understanding of Earth’s climate system is now sufficiently developed to show that climate change from anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing is already upon us, and the rate of change as projected exceeds anything seen in nature in the past 10,000 years. The indisputable evidence of gl ...
Climate Change Futures: Health, Ecological and Economic
... Although the associations among greater weather volatility, natural cycles and climate change are debated, the rise in mega-catastrophes and prolonged widespread heat waves is, at the very least, a harbinger of what we can expect in a changing and unstable climate. For the insurance sector, climate ...
... Although the associations among greater weather volatility, natural cycles and climate change are debated, the rise in mega-catastrophes and prolonged widespread heat waves is, at the very least, a harbinger of what we can expect in a changing and unstable climate. For the insurance sector, climate ...
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... reduce their exposure and sensitivity to climatic extremes and variability, and thus dismiss any changes. ...
... reduce their exposure and sensitivity to climatic extremes and variability, and thus dismiss any changes. ...
The effects of climate changes on aquifer storage
... comparison in Fig. 4. The recharge used in the simulations shown in Fig. 4 is the cosine function used by Wilkinson & Cooper (1993). With the selected representation of variable transmissivity, the simulated baseflow response to autumn rainfall is more rapid than with transmissivity fixed at the sam ...
... comparison in Fig. 4. The recharge used in the simulations shown in Fig. 4 is the cosine function used by Wilkinson & Cooper (1993). With the selected representation of variable transmissivity, the simulated baseflow response to autumn rainfall is more rapid than with transmissivity fixed at the sam ...
Air pollution and associated human mortality: the role of air pollutant
... emissions and, therefore, solely reflected the impact of emission changes on air pollution in a system that did not allow feedbacks between chemistry and climate. To isolate the individual impacts of changes in emissions, climate, and CH4 concentrations on surface concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 , we ...
... emissions and, therefore, solely reflected the impact of emission changes on air pollution in a system that did not allow feedbacks between chemistry and climate. To isolate the individual impacts of changes in emissions, climate, and CH4 concentrations on surface concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 , we ...
The Impact of Climate Change on Ontario`s Forests
... well as added human-made gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydroflurocarbons (HFCs). Increases in greenhouse gas concentrations are responsible for enhancing the natural greenhouse effect. Global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3° to 0.6°C since the late 19th century (Inte ...
... well as added human-made gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydroflurocarbons (HFCs). Increases in greenhouse gas concentrations are responsible for enhancing the natural greenhouse effect. Global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3° to 0.6°C since the late 19th century (Inte ...
ARTICLE Potential climate change impacts on temperate forest ecosystem processes
... scales and over relatively short time scales leave gaps in our understanding about the long-term effects of climate change at landscape and regional scales. Ecosystem models, therefore, can be useful tools for assessing the relative importance and impact of different environmental change factors on ...
... scales and over relatively short time scales leave gaps in our understanding about the long-term effects of climate change at landscape and regional scales. Ecosystem models, therefore, can be useful tools for assessing the relative importance and impact of different environmental change factors on ...
Climate change impacts in the Atlantic Basin and
... of the Atlantic Basin is no exception. While much focus has been given to the issue of mitigation (i.e., reducing the quantities of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere), it has become increasingly apparent that current attempts in this regard, both nationally and internationally, are not bo ...
... of the Atlantic Basin is no exception. While much focus has been given to the issue of mitigation (i.e., reducing the quantities of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere), it has become increasingly apparent that current attempts in this regard, both nationally and internationally, are not bo ...
an analysis of factors affecting climate change adaptation strategies
... food security are highly vulnerable to these climatic change (Kurukulakusuriya and Rosenthal, 2003). ...
... food security are highly vulnerable to these climatic change (Kurukulakusuriya and Rosenthal, 2003). ...
2. The impacts of climate change on the benthos
... there is also evidence of local and regional heterogeneity within biogeographic ranges, with infilling of gaps or loss of site occupancy away from range limits. Living close to their physiological tolerance limits, being sessile or sedentary, having typically short life spans and being from lower t ...
... there is also evidence of local and regional heterogeneity within biogeographic ranges, with infilling of gaps or loss of site occupancy away from range limits. Living close to their physiological tolerance limits, being sessile or sedentary, having typically short life spans and being from lower t ...
Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California
... minimum in the southern San Joaquin Valley [Bakersfield, 150 mm (6 in.)] (Major 1977). Land use–land cover change scenarios Future potential LULC change was based on a set of scenarios from three IPCC-SRES storylines (Nakicenovic and Swart 2000): A2, A1B, and B1 that were developed as part of the Un ...
... minimum in the southern San Joaquin Valley [Bakersfield, 150 mm (6 in.)] (Major 1977). Land use–land cover change scenarios Future potential LULC change was based on a set of scenarios from three IPCC-SRES storylines (Nakicenovic and Swart 2000): A2, A1B, and B1 that were developed as part of the Un ...
Modeling and forecasting extreme hot events in the central
... the EHE generating process by fitting a statistical model relating the EHE behaviour and the temperature evolution. We also show the use of this model for providing possible trajectories of the EHE process in a medium term horizon, 2050, as an alternative to regional climate models (RCM), Beniston a ...
... the EHE generating process by fitting a statistical model relating the EHE behaviour and the temperature evolution. We also show the use of this model for providing possible trajectories of the EHE process in a medium term horizon, 2050, as an alternative to regional climate models (RCM), Beniston a ...
IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA GAUTENG DIVISION
... under regulation 34(2)(b) and environmental authorisation should be refused. 16. The DEA (the first, second and third respondents) argued that Earthlife’s interpretation of the governing legislation is unsustainable. In their submission, there is no provision in our domestic legislation, regulations ...
... under regulation 34(2)(b) and environmental authorisation should be refused. 16. The DEA (the first, second and third respondents) argued that Earthlife’s interpretation of the governing legislation is unsustainable. In their submission, there is no provision in our domestic legislation, regulations ...
STRUCTURE OF THE INDC
... situation. Low atolls, isolated location, small land area separated by vast oceans, high population concentration, and the costs of providing basic services make Kiribati, like all Small Island Developing States (SIDS), especially vulnerable to external shocks including the adverse impacts of climat ...
... situation. Low atolls, isolated location, small land area separated by vast oceans, high population concentration, and the costs of providing basic services make Kiribati, like all Small Island Developing States (SIDS), especially vulnerable to external shocks including the adverse impacts of climat ...
Migration, Environment and Climate Change
... ways. Migration can help people manage risks, diversify livelihoods and cope with environmental changes affecting their lives (IOM, 2008). To date, however, very few countries have developed explicit policies to promote migration as an adaptation strategy. Migration is not usually integrated into na ...
... ways. Migration can help people manage risks, diversify livelihoods and cope with environmental changes affecting their lives (IOM, 2008). To date, however, very few countries have developed explicit policies to promote migration as an adaptation strategy. Migration is not usually integrated into na ...
Chapter 4: Traditional Ricardian Method and
... set because the farmers are all in the same market. In this case, the Ricardian method cannot discern the independent effects of prices and price cannot be included (Cline 1996). The omission of prices leads the Ricardian model to over-predict damages and benefits (Mendelsohn and Nordhaus 1996a). If ...
... set because the farmers are all in the same market. In this case, the Ricardian method cannot discern the independent effects of prices and price cannot be included (Cline 1996). The omission of prices leads the Ricardian model to over-predict damages and benefits (Mendelsohn and Nordhaus 1996a). If ...
Science Stories - ComunicaRSE | ComunicaRSE
... There was also a general sense among the experts we spoke to that the IPCC did not make it easy for the media to identify key messages, or aspects of the science that had changed or developed since previous assessment reports. Louise Gray, a freelance journalist who previously covered environmental ...
... There was also a general sense among the experts we spoke to that the IPCC did not make it easy for the media to identify key messages, or aspects of the science that had changed or developed since previous assessment reports. Louise Gray, a freelance journalist who previously covered environmental ...
Wildlife in a changing climate - Food and Agriculture Organization of
... water is available in sufficient quantity. In drier tropical areas, however, forests are projected to decline (Seppäla, Buck and Katila, 2009). Major impacts are also predicted elsewhere, particularly in polar ecosystems, inland waters, grasslands and in the oceans, where climate-driven acidificatio ...
... water is available in sufficient quantity. In drier tropical areas, however, forests are projected to decline (Seppäla, Buck and Katila, 2009). Major impacts are also predicted elsewhere, particularly in polar ecosystems, inland waters, grasslands and in the oceans, where climate-driven acidificatio ...
The PAGE09 Integrated Assessment Model: A Technical Description
... year. If a region, such as Africa, has only one‐third of the economic activity of the EU, the user needs to remember to specify a regional cost factor for Africa of one‐third, even if, relative to each unit of economic activity, it is just as hard to adapt in Africa as in the EU. In PAGE09, adapt ...
... year. If a region, such as Africa, has only one‐third of the economic activity of the EU, the user needs to remember to specify a regional cost factor for Africa of one‐third, even if, relative to each unit of economic activity, it is just as hard to adapt in Africa as in the EU. In PAGE09, adapt ...
Assessing the impact of climate change on ecosystem services in
... and 5 indicating the relative magnitudes of the ecosystem functions that each ERC performs. The second matrix contains scores between 0 and 5 indicating the relative magnitudes of the ecosystem services that each ecosystem function provides. The scoring system is based on the presumption that each e ...
... and 5 indicating the relative magnitudes of the ecosystem functions that each ERC performs. The second matrix contains scores between 0 and 5 indicating the relative magnitudes of the ecosystem services that each ecosystem function provides. The scoring system is based on the presumption that each e ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... 2007) provided compelling scientific evidence that human activity in the form of (GHG) emissions is responsible for many observed climate changes, but noted that use of this knowledge to support decision making, manage risks and engage stakeholders is inadequate. The international transport sector i ...
... 2007) provided compelling scientific evidence that human activity in the form of (GHG) emissions is responsible for many observed climate changes, but noted that use of this knowledge to support decision making, manage risks and engage stakeholders is inadequate. The international transport sector i ...
The Climate of the Last Millennium
... amplitude of inter-annual variability, a simpler model suggests that precessional forcing should result in weakened interannual ENSO strength. When radiation anomalies are strongly positive in boreal summer, as in the early to mid-Holocene, they result in stronger trade winds that cool the eastern P ...
... amplitude of inter-annual variability, a simpler model suggests that precessional forcing should result in weakened interannual ENSO strength. When radiation anomalies are strongly positive in boreal summer, as in the early to mid-Holocene, they result in stronger trade winds that cool the eastern P ...
Application of Self-Organizing-Maps Technique in Downscaling
... In order to capture the climate change issues relevant for agricultural production, location-based assessments are needed to complement the broad impact assessments such as those provided by Global Climate Models (GCMs) (Feenstra et al., 1997). GCMs represent physical processes in the atmosphere, o ...
... In order to capture the climate change issues relevant for agricultural production, location-based assessments are needed to complement the broad impact assessments such as those provided by Global Climate Models (GCMs) (Feenstra et al., 1997). GCMs represent physical processes in the atmosphere, o ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.