Future climate in the Pacific Northwest
... ratio of precipitation means that initial condition uncertainty would probably be greater than for temperature. Testing the effects of initial condition uncertainty on the analyses presented here would be an additional line of research. Randall et al. (2007) and Bader et al. (2008) evaluated the mod ...
... ratio of precipitation means that initial condition uncertainty would probably be greater than for temperature. Testing the effects of initial condition uncertainty on the analyses presented here would be an additional line of research. Randall et al. (2007) and Bader et al. (2008) evaluated the mod ...
evidence of climate change
... Which areas on Earth account for 99% of all surface ice on Earth and explain what effects the melting of these areas would have on global sea levels. ...
... Which areas on Earth account for 99% of all surface ice on Earth and explain what effects the melting of these areas would have on global sea levels. ...
natural ecosystems chapter 8
... in rivers and streams may cause mortality of some native fish species and some of the invertebrates on which they prey, and increase the likelihood that non-native salmonid fishes (which spawn in freshwater but may spend a portion of their life in the ocean) will colonize these rivers and streams. A ...
... in rivers and streams may cause mortality of some native fish species and some of the invertebrates on which they prey, and increase the likelihood that non-native salmonid fishes (which spawn in freshwater but may spend a portion of their life in the ocean) will colonize these rivers and streams. A ...
The Projected Death of the Fertile Crescent
... all rivers over the Middle East. Kitoh et al. (2008a) show that the annual discharge for the Euphrates River will decrease by 29 % in a moderate climate change and by 73 % in the higher climate change (FM & FH respectively there). In both runs, the decrease is largest during the high-water season. P ...
... all rivers over the Middle East. Kitoh et al. (2008a) show that the annual discharge for the Euphrates River will decrease by 29 % in a moderate climate change and by 73 % in the higher climate change (FM & FH respectively there). In both runs, the decrease is largest during the high-water season. P ...
The global-scale impacts of climate change on water resources and
... on. However, such an approach does not readily allow an assessment of the relative importance of emissions trajectories (or the rate of climate change) versus socio-economic futures on the potential consequences of climate change. A new assessment methodology therefore adopts a ‘matrix’ approach, as ...
... on. However, such an approach does not readily allow an assessment of the relative importance of emissions trajectories (or the rate of climate change) versus socio-economic futures on the potential consequences of climate change. A new assessment methodology therefore adopts a ‘matrix’ approach, as ...
4. Climate Change Scenarios
... The instrumental record will often be a complete multi-decadal record of often daily or subdaily weather observations. The advantage of these data is that they will be recorded at each observation station and thus could provide better information on regional distribution of climate than many climate ...
... The instrumental record will often be a complete multi-decadal record of often daily or subdaily weather observations. The advantage of these data is that they will be recorded at each observation station and thus could provide better information on regional distribution of climate than many climate ...
Do scientists agree about climate change? public perceptions from a
... 3,000 earth scientists found that 90 percent agreed that mean global temperatures have generally risen compared with pre-1880s levels. eighty-two percent agreed human activities are a significant contributing factor to temperature change. among active climate researchers answering the survey, m ...
... 3,000 earth scientists found that 90 percent agreed that mean global temperatures have generally risen compared with pre-1880s levels. eighty-two percent agreed human activities are a significant contributing factor to temperature change. among active climate researchers answering the survey, m ...
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Colombia
... Climate change is one of the greatest challenges that Humanity must face in this century. It threatens the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and may reverse the progress made to date in human development, especially in developing countries and in the poorest and most vulnerable c ...
... Climate change is one of the greatest challenges that Humanity must face in this century. It threatens the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and may reverse the progress made to date in human development, especially in developing countries and in the poorest and most vulnerable c ...
Means and extremes: building variability into
... increases in mean meteorological quantities (e.g. temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and wind) (‘trend effects’; Jentsch et al. 2007), but also the variability of these quantities. It is becoming clear both from climate modelling and from trends in climate, that future climate will be chara ...
... increases in mean meteorological quantities (e.g. temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and wind) (‘trend effects’; Jentsch et al. 2007), but also the variability of these quantities. It is becoming clear both from climate modelling and from trends in climate, that future climate will be chara ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... education is one of the mandates of media and environmental agencies and no programme or few are designed and no local attempt was made in order to education people in Yola metropolis on the fight against global warming using this traditional method. Consequently the knowledge about global warming r ...
... education is one of the mandates of media and environmental agencies and no programme or few are designed and no local attempt was made in order to education people in Yola metropolis on the fight against global warming using this traditional method. Consequently the knowledge about global warming r ...
Apr Via E E-Mail
... ‘[T]he link between recent Arctic warming and increased Northern Hemisphere blocking is currently not supported by observations. While Arctic sea ice experienced unprecedented losses in recent years, blocking frequencies in these years do not appear exceptional, falling well within their historicall ...
... ‘[T]he link between recent Arctic warming and increased Northern Hemisphere blocking is currently not supported by observations. While Arctic sea ice experienced unprecedented losses in recent years, blocking frequencies in these years do not appear exceptional, falling well within their historicall ...
Climate change and coastal cities: the case of
... and historical and cultural monuments. Tourism remains an important foreign exchange earner for Kenya and contributed more than 12 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product in 2004 and continues to grow.(5) Three factors contribute to Mombasa’s high level of vulnerability to climate change: low altitud ...
... and historical and cultural monuments. Tourism remains an important foreign exchange earner for Kenya and contributed more than 12 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product in 2004 and continues to grow.(5) Three factors contribute to Mombasa’s high level of vulnerability to climate change: low altitud ...
HSBC Statement on Climate Change
... The warming of the climate system is unequivocal. This is the finding of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a body set up by 195 members of the United Nations to provide rigorous and balanced scientific information on climate change1. The IPCC concludes that the period from 1983 t ...
... The warming of the climate system is unequivocal. This is the finding of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a body set up by 195 members of the United Nations to provide rigorous and balanced scientific information on climate change1. The IPCC concludes that the period from 1983 t ...
Elizabeth G. Ferris
... 1970, there has been growing scientific concern about global warming and climate change as a result of human action. Many studies have been carried out and a consensus seems to have emerged in the scientific community that human-induced climate change is, in fact, underway. According to the Intergov ...
... 1970, there has been growing scientific concern about global warming and climate change as a result of human action. Many studies have been carried out and a consensus seems to have emerged in the scientific community that human-induced climate change is, in fact, underway. According to the Intergov ...
1k_Wielicki_ClimateChangeAccuracyRequirements
... perfect one (fractional error Fa in accuracy) is given by: Fa = (1 + f 2i)1/2 - 1 , where f 2i = 2i i / 2var var for linear trends where s is standard deviation, is autocorrelation time, var is natural variability, and i is one of the CLARREO error sources. • Degradation of the time to de ...
... perfect one (fractional error Fa in accuracy) is given by: Fa = (1 + f 2i)1/2 - 1 , where f 2i = 2i i / 2var var for linear trends where s is standard deviation, is autocorrelation time, var is natural variability, and i is one of the CLARREO error sources. • Degradation of the time to de ...
Our Changing Climate - UW Atmospheric Sciences
... the number of dark spots on the sun is at its maximum—roughly every 11 years—than when it is at a minimum. This change in energy output is too small to cause important climate variations, but the sun’s output may vary more on longer time scales. Some evidence suggests that weakened solar energy outp ...
... the number of dark spots on the sun is at its maximum—roughly every 11 years—than when it is at a minimum. This change in energy output is too small to cause important climate variations, but the sun’s output may vary more on longer time scales. Some evidence suggests that weakened solar energy outp ...
Institute for International Economic Studies Seminar paper No. 757
... Economic growth in each region is driven by growth of population (A.5) and total factor productivity (TFP) (A.6). Higher economic growth implies more rapidly increasing regional demand for energy. How much this translates into use of exhaustible carbon resources depends on carbon-saving technologica ...
... Economic growth in each region is driven by growth of population (A.5) and total factor productivity (TFP) (A.6). Higher economic growth implies more rapidly increasing regional demand for energy. How much this translates into use of exhaustible carbon resources depends on carbon-saving technologica ...
PDF
... Agriculturally oriented studies focus on the explicit productivity impacts of changing climatic conditions on crops and their growing conditions, while economically oriented studies instead analyze agricultural market reactions to climate change based on simple crop response ...
... Agriculturally oriented studies focus on the explicit productivity impacts of changing climatic conditions on crops and their growing conditions, while economically oriented studies instead analyze agricultural market reactions to climate change based on simple crop response ...
Geology 110: Earth and Space Science
... #22: Would the amount of incoming solar radiation increase or decrease at the Arctic Circle during July in the Northern Hemisphere if: a. Earth’s axis was vertical rather than tilted? b. Earth had a circular rather than elliptical orbit? c. The tilt of Earth’s axis was opposite to its present orient ...
... #22: Would the amount of incoming solar radiation increase or decrease at the Arctic Circle during July in the Northern Hemisphere if: a. Earth’s axis was vertical rather than tilted? b. Earth had a circular rather than elliptical orbit? c. The tilt of Earth’s axis was opposite to its present orient ...
climate change and the urban poor - IIED
... Changing patterns of rainfall have already affected many inland and high altitude cities. In some cases, overall total rainfall has decreased; elsewhere, rain has become more concentrated into fewer and heavier storms. Rainfall over long periods may produce a gradual but persistent rise in river lev ...
... Changing patterns of rainfall have already affected many inland and high altitude cities. In some cases, overall total rainfall has decreased; elsewhere, rain has become more concentrated into fewer and heavier storms. Rainfall over long periods may produce a gradual but persistent rise in river lev ...
Here is the Richmond 350 Resolution
... WHEREAS, the decade from 2000 to 2010 was the warmest on record1, 2005 and 2010 tied for the hottest years on record2, and 2012 was the warmest year on record for the United States and among the ten warmest globally3; and WHEREAS, in 2013 the level of CO2 in the atmosphere averaged 396 parts per mil ...
... WHEREAS, the decade from 2000 to 2010 was the warmest on record1, 2005 and 2010 tied for the hottest years on record2, and 2012 was the warmest year on record for the United States and among the ten warmest globally3; and WHEREAS, in 2013 the level of CO2 in the atmosphere averaged 396 parts per mil ...
English - unfccc
... Variability and Predictability Study (CLIVAR) as the main thrust to explore climate variations on time scales of months to a century or more, occurring naturally or as a result of anthropogenic effects. As regards anthropogenic climate change, a key activity in CLIVAR is the development of the detai ...
... Variability and Predictability Study (CLIVAR) as the main thrust to explore climate variations on time scales of months to a century or more, occurring naturally or as a result of anthropogenic effects. As regards anthropogenic climate change, a key activity in CLIVAR is the development of the detai ...
climate and health country profile – 2015 nigeria
... are driving down burdens of several infectious diseases, and these projections assume that this will continue. However, climate conditions are projected to become significantly more favourable for transmission, slowing progress in reducing burdens, and increasing the populations at risk if control m ...
... are driving down burdens of several infectious diseases, and these projections assume that this will continue. However, climate conditions are projected to become significantly more favourable for transmission, slowing progress in reducing burdens, and increasing the populations at risk if control m ...
Agriculture and Forestry Climate Change Impacts
... • The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere will continue to increase plant growth generally, although the amount will vary depending on other environmental variables, such as temperature and water availability. • Changing rainfall patterns, increased evaporative deman ...
... • The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere will continue to increase plant growth generally, although the amount will vary depending on other environmental variables, such as temperature and water availability. • Changing rainfall patterns, increased evaporative deman ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.