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... Climate refers to long-term changes in patterns of temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, and seasons. Climate varies by region but overall the earth’s climate has been warming. Global temperatures over both land and ocean surfaces have risen ~0.85°C (1.5°F) since 1880.2 The U.S. is warming at ...
... Climate refers to long-term changes in patterns of temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, and seasons. Climate varies by region but overall the earth’s climate has been warming. Global temperatures over both land and ocean surfaces have risen ~0.85°C (1.5°F) since 1880.2 The U.S. is warming at ...
GDI 12 – Pre institute Aff and Case Neg
... of future trade relations, However, if the expectations of future trade decline, particularly for difficult to replace items such as energy resources, the likelihood for conflict increases, as states will be inclined to use force to gain access to those resources. Crisis could potentially be the tri ...
... of future trade relations, However, if the expectations of future trade decline, particularly for difficult to replace items such as energy resources, the likelihood for conflict increases, as states will be inclined to use force to gain access to those resources. Crisis could potentially be the tri ...
Climate Trends in the Casco Bay Region
... In 2012, Casco Bay was subject to an “ocean heat wave”—the largest and most intense such event that the Northwest Atlantic has experienced in three decades—which stretched from North Carolina to Iceland (with especially marked warming in the Gulf of Maine) (Mills et al. 2013). In response to a 1-3°C ...
... In 2012, Casco Bay was subject to an “ocean heat wave”—the largest and most intense such event that the Northwest Atlantic has experienced in three decades—which stretched from North Carolina to Iceland (with especially marked warming in the Gulf of Maine) (Mills et al. 2013). In response to a 1-3°C ...
Trends - hvonstorch.de
... The check of consistency of recent and ongoing trends with predictions from dynamical (or other) models represents a kind of „attribution without detection“. The idea is to estimate the driver-related change from a (series of) model scenarios (or predictions), and to compare this “expected change” w ...
... The check of consistency of recent and ongoing trends with predictions from dynamical (or other) models represents a kind of „attribution without detection“. The idea is to estimate the driver-related change from a (series of) model scenarios (or predictions), and to compare this “expected change” w ...
WHY ADVOCATE ON CLIMATE CHANGE?
... Extreme weather events – As weather patterns change, extreme weather events are becoming more common. Heat waves, floods and droughts are likely to increase in intensity and frequency, leading to an increased number of disasters. Storms and sea surges are likely to become more intense. Sea-level ris ...
... Extreme weather events – As weather patterns change, extreme weather events are becoming more common. Heat waves, floods and droughts are likely to increase in intensity and frequency, leading to an increased number of disasters. Storms and sea surges are likely to become more intense. Sea-level ris ...
Sensitivity of tree growth to the atmospheric vertical profile in the
... Northern Manitoba is predicted to be one of the most affected regions by anthropogenic climate change within Canada. Simulations for years 2080-2100 indicates a summer warming of 4oC to 5o C and a winter warming of 5°C to 8°C (Boer et al. 2000; Laprise et al. 2003). In terms of fire severity ratings ...
... Northern Manitoba is predicted to be one of the most affected regions by anthropogenic climate change within Canada. Simulations for years 2080-2100 indicates a summer warming of 4oC to 5o C and a winter warming of 5°C to 8°C (Boer et al. 2000; Laprise et al. 2003). In terms of fire severity ratings ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... and beneath the lower bound of the then-projected warming interval (Fig. 1). Global temperature would have to rise over the coming decade at a rate almost twice as high as the greatest supra-decadal rate observed since the global instrumental record began in 1850 to attain even the lower bound of th ...
... and beneath the lower bound of the then-projected warming interval (Fig. 1). Global temperature would have to rise over the coming decade at a rate almost twice as high as the greatest supra-decadal rate observed since the global instrumental record began in 1850 to attain even the lower bound of th ...
High impact, low probability (revised for Climatic Change)
... The former concern, about the relationship between greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere and warming, has very often been captured by the notion of climate sensitivity, that is, the equilibrium increase in global mean temperature resulting from a doubling in the atmospheric concentration o ...
... The former concern, about the relationship between greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere and warming, has very often been captured by the notion of climate sensitivity, that is, the equilibrium increase in global mean temperature resulting from a doubling in the atmospheric concentration o ...
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate
... and beneath the lower bound of the then-projected warming interval (Fig. 1). Global temperature would have to rise over the coming decade at a rate almost twice as high as the greatest supra-decadal rate observed since the global instrumental record began in 1850 to attain even the lower bound of th ...
... and beneath the lower bound of the then-projected warming interval (Fig. 1). Global temperature would have to rise over the coming decade at a rate almost twice as high as the greatest supra-decadal rate observed since the global instrumental record began in 1850 to attain even the lower bound of th ...
Managing the business risks and opportunities of a changing climate
... Source: Paying the Price, National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 2011 ...
... Source: Paying the Price, National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 2011 ...
Western Europe is warming much faster than expected
... In Europe, at the edge of a continent, changes in temperature are caused to a large extent by changes in atmospheric circulation (Osborn and Jones, 2000; Turnpenny et al., 2002; van Oldenborgh and van Ulden, 2003). To investigate the effects of trends in the atmospheric circulation, monthly mean tem ...
... In Europe, at the edge of a continent, changes in temperature are caused to a large extent by changes in atmospheric circulation (Osborn and Jones, 2000; Turnpenny et al., 2002; van Oldenborgh and van Ulden, 2003). To investigate the effects of trends in the atmospheric circulation, monthly mean tem ...
Climate change and seafood safety: Human health implications
... decades (Solomon et al., 2007). Model results indicate that even if greenhouse gas emissions are capped at present day levels, some warming will still occur because of the carbon dioxide that has already accumulated in the atmosphere. The ensemble of models used by the United Nations Intergovernment ...
... decades (Solomon et al., 2007). Model results indicate that even if greenhouse gas emissions are capped at present day levels, some warming will still occur because of the carbon dioxide that has already accumulated in the atmosphere. The ensemble of models used by the United Nations Intergovernment ...
Scientific uncertainty and climate change: Part I. Uncertainty
... below its mean is more sharply bounded than the area above: values of climate sensitivity far above the central location of the distribution are more likely than values far below (Roe and Baker 2007). The fat upper tail implies that particularly severe consequences arising from CO2 emissions cannot ...
... below its mean is more sharply bounded than the area above: values of climate sensitivity far above the central location of the distribution are more likely than values far below (Roe and Baker 2007). The fat upper tail implies that particularly severe consequences arising from CO2 emissions cannot ...
The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History
... transient alterations in an organism’s neurophysiological and somatovisceral state that represent its immediate relationship to the flow of changing events… in a sense, core affect is a neurophysiologic barometer of the individual’s relationship to an environment at a given point in time. To the ext ...
... transient alterations in an organism’s neurophysiological and somatovisceral state that represent its immediate relationship to the flow of changing events… in a sense, core affect is a neurophysiologic barometer of the individual’s relationship to an environment at a given point in time. To the ext ...
Conclusions and recommendations for action
... accounting cannot be evaded. That is, the continuing health of human populations depends on not exceeding (or staying within) the environment’s “carrying capacity”. The global climate system is a prime determinant of ecological sustainability and thus of Earth’s capacity to sustain healthy human lif ...
... accounting cannot be evaded. That is, the continuing health of human populations depends on not exceeding (or staying within) the environment’s “carrying capacity”. The global climate system is a prime determinant of ecological sustainability and thus of Earth’s capacity to sustain healthy human lif ...
The use of agrobiodiversity in adapting to climate change
... strategies and policies need to be undertaken. Farmers on the other hand, are living with the uncertainty and thus tend to take autonomous rather than planned adaptations. For effective sustainability, there has to be cooperation and collaboration between all the stakeholders so that a unifying, sta ...
... strategies and policies need to be undertaken. Farmers on the other hand, are living with the uncertainty and thus tend to take autonomous rather than planned adaptations. For effective sustainability, there has to be cooperation and collaboration between all the stakeholders so that a unifying, sta ...
Effective media reporting of sea level rise projections: 1989–2009
... data. In addition, any numbers reported for only one part of the world oceans (e.g. Chesapeake Bay) were not included. We acknowledge that this search methodology would exclude media reports that, for example, use the term ‘ocean levels’ or some other phrase for sea level rise, but in piloting the s ...
... data. In addition, any numbers reported for only one part of the world oceans (e.g. Chesapeake Bay) were not included. We acknowledge that this search methodology would exclude media reports that, for example, use the term ‘ocean levels’ or some other phrase for sea level rise, but in piloting the s ...
Paper 10: Climate Change Impacts on Coastal
... biodiversity as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including the ecological complexes of which they are a part (UNCBD, 2000). The World Meteorological Organization and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) define “climate” as the average state of the weather over ...
... biodiversity as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including the ecological complexes of which they are a part (UNCBD, 2000). The World Meteorological Organization and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) define “climate” as the average state of the weather over ...
Exploring the role of local adaptation in the response
... of M. canadense from warmer locations would respond negatively to warming, while populations from cooler sites would exhibit neutral or positive responses to warming. Maianthemum canadense is a species that is associated with cool, moist microsites across its distribution. To examine the role of loc ...
... of M. canadense from warmer locations would respond negatively to warming, while populations from cooler sites would exhibit neutral or positive responses to warming. Maianthemum canadense is a species that is associated with cool, moist microsites across its distribution. To examine the role of loc ...
Probable maximum precipitation and climate change
... PW values probably underestimate PWmax, even in a stationary climate. Although transient values within the cores of storms may be higher than the atmospheric conditions sampled by the radiosonde network [Holloway and Neelin, 2010], such transient values are most likely not representative of the inflo ...
... PW values probably underestimate PWmax, even in a stationary climate. Although transient values within the cores of storms may be higher than the atmospheric conditions sampled by the radiosonde network [Holloway and Neelin, 2010], such transient values are most likely not representative of the inflo ...
The Critical Role of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans
... The northern North Atlantic is one of the few places on Earth where relatively cold, salty waters are dense enough to sink to the abyss. The plunge of this great mass of cold, salty water propels a system of global ocean circulation called the Ocean Conveyor. The Conveyor also draws warm, salty trop ...
... The northern North Atlantic is one of the few places on Earth where relatively cold, salty waters are dense enough to sink to the abyss. The plunge of this great mass of cold, salty water propels a system of global ocean circulation called the Ocean Conveyor. The Conveyor also draws warm, salty trop ...
The PETM and Leaf Margin Analysis
... The process of Leaf Margin Analysis used by scientists makes the assumption that the percent of smooth to total leaves are relatively the same as million of years ...
... The process of Leaf Margin Analysis used by scientists makes the assumption that the percent of smooth to total leaves are relatively the same as million of years ...
‘Ye Olde Hot Aire’*: reporting on human tabloid press
... also garnered coverage, such as the Sixth United Nations Conference of Parties meeting in The Hague, where talks broke down after a standoff between the United States and the European Union on the terms of the discussion regarding forests-as-carbon-sinks for emissions reductions. In 2005, coverage i ...
... also garnered coverage, such as the Sixth United Nations Conference of Parties meeting in The Hague, where talks broke down after a standoff between the United States and the European Union on the terms of the discussion regarding forests-as-carbon-sinks for emissions reductions. In 2005, coverage i ...
Climate change in the Sahel
... food and results in higher market prices. They were also the source of very important psychological impacts, particularly on the most vulnerable groups of people. These events could intensify and become more frequent in this context of changing climate. More than 80 to 90 % of natural disasters are ...
... food and results in higher market prices. They were also the source of very important psychological impacts, particularly on the most vulnerable groups of people. These events could intensify and become more frequent in this context of changing climate. More than 80 to 90 % of natural disasters are ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.