The Legacy of Alan Turing and John von Neumann
... when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another ( especially conspecific) animal. The neurons have been observed in primates and are believed to exist also in humans and in some birds. The function of the mirror system is still a subject of much speculation. To ...
... when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another ( especially conspecific) animal. The neurons have been observed in primates and are believed to exist also in humans and in some birds. The function of the mirror system is still a subject of much speculation. To ...
turing
... (hence the candidates are out of sight). This sets the stage for what will be Turing's real object of comparison, which is a thinking human being versus a (nonthinking) machine, a comparison that is to be unbiased by appearance. Turing's criteria, as we all know by now, will turn out to be two (thou ...
... (hence the candidates are out of sight). This sets the stage for what will be Turing's real object of comparison, which is a thinking human being versus a (nonthinking) machine, a comparison that is to be unbiased by appearance. Turing's criteria, as we all know by now, will turn out to be two (thou ...
The Turing Test
... Two early AI (artificial intelligence) programs in the areas of natural-language processing and cognitive modeling are often mentioned in connection with the Turing Test. Joseph Weizenbaum’s (1966, 1967) computer program Eliza appears to converse in more or less fluent English with its user, apparen ...
... Two early AI (artificial intelligence) programs in the areas of natural-language processing and cognitive modeling are often mentioned in connection with the Turing Test. Joseph Weizenbaum’s (1966, 1967) computer program Eliza appears to converse in more or less fluent English with its user, apparen ...
Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks The
... 1) The initial state of the brain, say at birth. 2) The education to which it has been subjected. 3) Other experience, not to be described as education, to which it has been been subjected. Instead of trying to produce a programme to simulate an adult mind, why not rather try to produce one which si ...
... 1) The initial state of the brain, say at birth. 2) The education to which it has been subjected. 3) Other experience, not to be described as education, to which it has been been subjected. Instead of trying to produce a programme to simulate an adult mind, why not rather try to produce one which si ...
Captcha
... A problem, the AI-Community is aware of, but wasn`t able to solve So it is very hard to develop a program for it => If a CAPTCHA-breaking program can be used to solve a hard problem of the AI, it is very hard to break a CAPTCHA Matthias Neubauer ...
... A problem, the AI-Community is aware of, but wasn`t able to solve So it is very hard to develop a program for it => If a CAPTCHA-breaking program can be used to solve a hard problem of the AI, it is very hard to break a CAPTCHA Matthias Neubauer ...
Author / Computing, 2000, Vol. 0, Issue 0, 1
... 1. The actual length of "chains of reasoning", that is, of the chains of operations, will have to be considered. 2. The operations of logic will all have to be treated by procedures which allow exceptions with low but non-zero probabilities. Von Neumann tried later to formulate probabilistic logic. ...
... 1. The actual length of "chains of reasoning", that is, of the chains of operations, will have to be considered. 2. The operations of logic will all have to be treated by procedures which allow exceptions with low but non-zero probabilities. Von Neumann tried later to formulate probabilistic logic. ...
Turing`s thinking machines: resonances with
... the bringing to life of a robotic woman who is cloned from the city’s proletariat leader and visionary, Maria. Maria is so convincing in her femininity that she is first employed as a dancing performer for the men of the upper classes, fuelling their lust for her and aggression toward each other as ...
... the bringing to life of a robotic woman who is cloned from the city’s proletariat leader and visionary, Maria. Maria is so convincing in her femininity that she is first employed as a dancing performer for the men of the upper classes, fuelling their lust for her and aggression toward each other as ...
Interpretation of NDTM in the definition of NP 1 Introduction
... and penetrates into mathematics, mathematical logic, artificial intelligence, and even becomes the basic problem in philosophy. In introducing the second poll about P versus NP conducted by Gasarch in 2012 [6], Hemaspaandra said: I hope that people in the distant future will look at these four artic ...
... and penetrates into mathematics, mathematical logic, artificial intelligence, and even becomes the basic problem in philosophy. In introducing the second poll about P versus NP conducted by Gasarch in 2012 [6], Hemaspaandra said: I hope that people in the distant future will look at these four artic ...
The computing legacy of Alan M. Turing
... School of Technology and Computer Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India ...
... School of Technology and Computer Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India ...
If Not Turing`s Test, Then What? - Association for the Advancement
... of these functions. In contrast, robot soccer presents a graduated series of challenges: it gets harder each year but is never out of reach. The same is true of the Handy Andy challenge. In the first year, one might expect weak comprehension of the query, minimal understanding of web pages, and repo ...
... of these functions. In contrast, robot soccer presents a graduated series of challenges: it gets harder each year but is never out of reach. The same is true of the Handy Andy challenge. In the first year, one might expect weak comprehension of the query, minimal understanding of web pages, and repo ...
23-24-TuringMachinesHandout
... One way or two way infinite tape: we're about to show that we can simulate two way infinite with ours. Rewrite and move at the same time: just affects (linearly) the number of moves it takes to solve a problem. Turing Machine Extensions In fact, there are lots of extensions we can make to our ba ...
... One way or two way infinite tape: we're about to show that we can simulate two way infinite with ours. Rewrite and move at the same time: just affects (linearly) the number of moves it takes to solve a problem. Turing Machine Extensions In fact, there are lots of extensions we can make to our ba ...
Programming and Problem Solving with Java: Chapter 14
... This is the view that a sufficiently programmed computer would actually be intelligent and would think in the same way that a human does. ...
... This is the view that a sufficiently programmed computer would actually be intelligent and would think in the same way that a human does. ...
What is Artificial Intelligence?
... This is the view that a sufficiently programmed computer would actually be intelligent and would think in the same way that a human does. ...
... This is the view that a sufficiently programmed computer would actually be intelligent and would think in the same way that a human does. ...
Turing`s Red Flag - Computer Science and Engineering
... ing driven autonomously. There’s also a reverse argument. Suppose autonomous vehicles are (or become) better drivers than humans. Then just like today when we demand less experienced and capable learner drivers are identified, we might demand that human drivers are identified apart from autonomous ...
... ing driven autonomously. There’s also a reverse argument. Suppose autonomous vehicles are (or become) better drivers than humans. Then just like today when we demand less experienced and capable learner drivers are identified, we might demand that human drivers are identified apart from autonomous ...
The Trouble with the Turing Test
... thus exemplifying the double attitude toward the master: ignore his specific proposal even while donning his mantle to cover your own nakedness. In the absence of any generally accepted alternative goal, it is practically impossible to say what is and what is not AI. Any new software that comes out ...
... thus exemplifying the double attitude toward the master: ignore his specific proposal even while donning his mantle to cover your own nakedness. In the absence of any generally accepted alternative goal, it is practically impossible to say what is and what is not AI. Any new software that comes out ...
HumansAndComputers F..
... Do you think it is possible for computers to become more intelligent than people? Why might it be relatively easy for computers to become masters at chess while struggling with human vision and language? ...
... Do you think it is possible for computers to become more intelligent than people? Why might it be relatively easy for computers to become masters at chess while struggling with human vision and language? ...
Does the Turing Test Demonstrate Intelligence or Not?
... descriptions of the Test (Newman et al., 1952) accord with this view: The idea of the test is that the machine has to pretend to be a man, by answering questions put to it, and it will only pass if the pretence is reasonably convincing. . . . We had better suppose that each jury has to judge quite a ...
... descriptions of the Test (Newman et al., 1952) accord with this view: The idea of the test is that the machine has to pretend to be a man, by answering questions put to it, and it will only pass if the pretence is reasonably convincing. . . . We had better suppose that each jury has to judge quite a ...
A clarification on Turing`s test and its implications for - CEUR
... the mathematical objection. Nevertheless, it was not something he ever attempted to prove. Instead, in 1950 he made a surprising statement: “I do not think too much importance should be attached to it”. As we will show, the question of whether the mind is a program is unrelated to the question of wh ...
... the mathematical objection. Nevertheless, it was not something he ever attempted to prove. Instead, in 1950 he made a surprising statement: “I do not think too much importance should be attached to it”. As we will show, the question of whether the mind is a program is unrelated to the question of wh ...
Can computers think? In attempt to make sense of this question Alan
... any mental content with meaning (as opposed to purely symbolic manipulation), Searle asserts that X does not have a mind. While I’m not going to discuss this point in detail, I think that this definition of the mind could possibly be challenged by Alan Turing and other machine functionalists. Additi ...
... any mental content with meaning (as opposed to purely symbolic manipulation), Searle asserts that X does not have a mind. While I’m not going to discuss this point in detail, I think that this definition of the mind could possibly be challenged by Alan Turing and other machine functionalists. Additi ...
Alan Turing “Founder of computer science” Prof. Jonathan P. Bowen www.jpbowen.com
... Entscheidungsproblem • Two independently developed approaches • Turing could have stayed in the US, but... ...
... Entscheidungsproblem • Two independently developed approaches • Turing could have stayed in the US, but... ...
03 Lecture CSC462 Notes
... is a paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the concept of what is now known as the Turing test was introduced to a wide audience. Today the Game is usually referred to as the Turing Test. If a computer can play the game just as well as a human, then the computer is said to ‘pass’ th ...
... is a paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the concept of what is now known as the Turing test was introduced to a wide audience. Today the Game is usually referred to as the Turing Test. If a computer can play the game just as well as a human, then the computer is said to ‘pass’ th ...
Alan Turing and the development of Artificial Intelligence
... AI research institute) in the 1980s in Glasgow. Michie specifically chose topics for the Machine Intelligence workshops which were closely related to those which he and Jack Good had discussed with Turing during the war. Indeed Jack Good was a frequent contributor to the series on Turinginspired top ...
... AI research institute) in the 1980s in Glasgow. Michie specifically chose topics for the Machine Intelligence workshops which were closely related to those which he and Jack Good had discussed with Turing during the war. Indeed Jack Good was a frequent contributor to the series on Turinginspired top ...
Lessons from The Turing Test - Cognitive Science Department
... • If Turing’s point of his article was to propose a test or criteria for intelligence, then why are none of these objections about the validity of this test? • In particular, given the nature of the test, one would expect a whole bunch of “Hollow Shell” objections, and as we saw, that is indeed what ...
... • If Turing’s point of his article was to propose a test or criteria for intelligence, then why are none of these objections about the validity of this test? • In particular, given the nature of the test, one would expect a whole bunch of “Hollow Shell” objections, and as we saw, that is indeed what ...
22. Artificial Intelligence
... Please tell me your first name, or whatever I should call you." "Call me Lisa. Am I male or female?” "Okay, I will call you 'Lisa. Am I Male Or Female?' I am here recently from Tainjin, China, so please be patient with me.” "I'm not a patient because I am not ill. Are you feeling well today? "What d ...
... Please tell me your first name, or whatever I should call you." "Call me Lisa. Am I male or female?” "Okay, I will call you 'Lisa. Am I Male Or Female?' I am here recently from Tainjin, China, so please be patient with me.” "I'm not a patient because I am not ill. Are you feeling well today? "What d ...
Alan Turing
Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (/ˈtjʊərɪŋ/; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was a British pioneering computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, theoretical biologist, and marathon and ultra distance runner. He was highly influential in the development of computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.During the Second World War, Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre. For a time he led Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including improvements to the pre-war Polish bombe method and an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. Turing played a pivotal role in cracking intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the Nazis in many crucial engagements, including the Battle of the Atlantic; it has been estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by as many as two to four years.After the war, he worked at the National Physical Laboratory, where he designed the ACE, among the first designs for a stored-program computer. In 1948 Turing joined Max Newman's Computing Laboratory at the University of Manchester, where he helped develop the Manchester computers and became interested in mathematical biology. He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of morphogenesis, and predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, first observed in the 1960s.Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for homosexual acts, when such behaviour was still a criminal act in the UK. He accepted treatment with oestrogen injections (chemical castration) as an alternative to prison. Turing died in 1954, 16 days before his 42nd birthday, from cyanide poisoning. An inquest determined his death as suicide, but it has been noted that the known evidence is equally consistent with accidental poisoning. In 2009, following an Internet campaign, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown made an official public apology on behalf of the British government for ""the appalling way he was treated"". Queen Elizabeth II granted him a posthumous pardon in 2013.