Political parties` climate policies in the UK, Italy and Denmark Paper
... Like Compston and Bailey (2013: 147), “We specify net emissions to exclude policies that simply shift emissions from one location to another.” ...
... Like Compston and Bailey (2013: 147), “We specify net emissions to exclude policies that simply shift emissions from one location to another.” ...
Psychological barriers and climate change action
... been effectively addressed despite the potentially dire consequences to all life on the planet. In spite of the increased public awareness, knowledge, and concern we still have not seen widespread action on behalf of individuals either in their role as consumers or in the role as citizens. The discu ...
... been effectively addressed despite the potentially dire consequences to all life on the planet. In spite of the increased public awareness, knowledge, and concern we still have not seen widespread action on behalf of individuals either in their role as consumers or in the role as citizens. The discu ...
Monitoring programs sponsored by the Ontario Ministry of Natural
... also anticipate that novel ecosystems will emerge as asynchronies between major climatic gradients develop (Gray 2005, Varrin et al. 2007, Williams and Jackson 2007, Nituch and Bowman 2013). In Ontario, many species have been adjusting their distribution (e.g., northward extension of range) and life ...
... also anticipate that novel ecosystems will emerge as asynchronies between major climatic gradients develop (Gray 2005, Varrin et al. 2007, Williams and Jackson 2007, Nituch and Bowman 2013). In Ontario, many species have been adjusting their distribution (e.g., northward extension of range) and life ...
6.1 Need for Study - Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
... structural and cellular damage to the respiratory tract. Airborne allergy may also be significantly influenced by climate change, for example it has shown pollen counts rise with increasing temperature. High level of CO2 and warmer temperatures increases pollen production of allergy, such as ragweed ...
... structural and cellular damage to the respiratory tract. Airborne allergy may also be significantly influenced by climate change, for example it has shown pollen counts rise with increasing temperature. High level of CO2 and warmer temperatures increases pollen production of allergy, such as ragweed ...
wetlands, biodiversity and climate change
... Management Initiative that looks into the implementation a comprehensive programme for the management of peatland in this region and the associated biodiversity. The proposal seeks to bring together government and related agencies in Southeast Asia to work together to develop and implement a regiona ...
... Management Initiative that looks into the implementation a comprehensive programme for the management of peatland in this region and the associated biodiversity. The proposal seeks to bring together government and related agencies in Southeast Asia to work together to develop and implement a regiona ...
Agriculture and Future Climate Dynamics in Africa: Impacts and Adaptation Options
... I am very grateful to many people and institutions that have supported me throughout my PhD studies. This thesis would not have become a reality without the strong support from my supervisor, Professor Rashid Hassan, who demonstrated a lot of patience, high intellectual guidance, and untiring suppor ...
... I am very grateful to many people and institutions that have supported me throughout my PhD studies. This thesis would not have become a reality without the strong support from my supervisor, Professor Rashid Hassan, who demonstrated a lot of patience, high intellectual guidance, and untiring suppor ...
Federal Decision-Making on the Uncertain Impacts of Climate Change
... decisions. Recognizing the state of current information, as well as what additional information will likely be available in the future, is fundamental to characterizing the information challenges to climate change decision‐making and the types of decisions that are supported. It is also valuable ...
... decisions. Recognizing the state of current information, as well as what additional information will likely be available in the future, is fundamental to characterizing the information challenges to climate change decision‐making and the types of decisions that are supported. It is also valuable ...
CHAPTER 5: Temperate Marine
... vast distances by currents, marine populations are thought to be much more interconnected than terrestrial ones. Numerous studies of population genetics bear this out, at least for species with planktonic larvae (reviewed in Grosberg and Cunningham, 2001). Adult rafting may add to the connectivity o ...
... vast distances by currents, marine populations are thought to be much more interconnected than terrestrial ones. Numerous studies of population genetics bear this out, at least for species with planktonic larvae (reviewed in Grosberg and Cunningham, 2001). Adult rafting may add to the connectivity o ...
Streamflow timing of mountain rivers in spain: Recent changes and
... we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all leg ...
... we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all leg ...
Evaluation, characterization, and communication of uncertainty by
... The IPCC’s development of the SRES scenarios provides a fourth (and perhaps the leading) example (IPCC 2000). The outcome had IPCC appearing to be twisted in a pretzel. On the one hand, IPCC’s making projections of how the socio-economic future of the planet might evolve over 100 years (as opposed t ...
... The IPCC’s development of the SRES scenarios provides a fourth (and perhaps the leading) example (IPCC 2000). The outcome had IPCC appearing to be twisted in a pretzel. On the one hand, IPCC’s making projections of how the socio-economic future of the planet might evolve over 100 years (as opposed t ...
- University of Cambridge
... series. The modeled δ 18O series fits the original series before 1982 CE, and is then extrapolated for 60 years to 2042 CE (Fig. 4A). Strong coherence between the predicted δ 18O series and the observed precipitation variations in the period of 1982–2012 CE further validate this approach (Fig. 4B). ...
... series. The modeled δ 18O series fits the original series before 1982 CE, and is then extrapolated for 60 years to 2042 CE (Fig. 4A). Strong coherence between the predicted δ 18O series and the observed precipitation variations in the period of 1982–2012 CE further validate this approach (Fig. 4B). ...
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... the country’s mean air temperature increased by 0.016 °C per year, and mean annual precipitation decreased by 144 millimeters (mm) (7%) compared to that of 1931-1960. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared th ...
... the country’s mean air temperature increased by 0.016 °C per year, and mean annual precipitation decreased by 144 millimeters (mm) (7%) compared to that of 1931-1960. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared th ...
An assessment of the foundational assumptions in high-resolution climate projections: the case of UKCP09
... is being planned, and similar projects are under consideration around the world.6 The question whether UKCP09 provides decision-relevant projections is widely debated inside the UK; this paper is intended to raise the profile of that discussion, as the answers have implications that reach far beyon ...
... is being planned, and similar projects are under consideration around the world.6 The question whether UKCP09 provides decision-relevant projections is widely debated inside the UK; this paper is intended to raise the profile of that discussion, as the answers have implications that reach far beyon ...
National Communication Change Climate
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Germany Dear Mr. Executive Secretary: Climate change is already a reality that is affecting all of our countries with unusual frequency and intensity. Phenomena like El Niño, which recently led to huge losses in our country, are rendering the pov ...
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Germany Dear Mr. Executive Secretary: Climate change is already a reality that is affecting all of our countries with unusual frequency and intensity. Phenomena like El Niño, which recently led to huge losses in our country, are rendering the pov ...
Key Meteorological Indicators of Climate Change in Ireland Environmental Research Centre Report
... Location of weather stations in Ireland which are used in the report Global and national air temperature anomaly, from the 1961-1990 mean Mean annual air temperature index, 1890-2004 Change in annual and seasonal mean temperature for the 1961-2005 period Winter and summer mean maximum and mean minim ...
... Location of weather stations in Ireland which are used in the report Global and national air temperature anomaly, from the 1961-1990 mean Mean annual air temperature index, 1890-2004 Change in annual and seasonal mean temperature for the 1961-2005 period Winter and summer mean maximum and mean minim ...
A comment on climate change, conflict and forced migration
... that humans are directly responsible. The warming is unequivocal and evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising sea level. Climate change is expected to have considerable impacts on the environment – first and f ...
... that humans are directly responsible. The warming is unequivocal and evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising sea level. Climate change is expected to have considerable impacts on the environment – first and f ...
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... on the other hand the risk is taken into account at the regional or country level, the resulting certainty equivalent will be lower in each region for higher degrees of risk aversion. Aggregating over both regions for an inequality neutral decision maker will therefore result in a lower level of wel ...
... on the other hand the risk is taken into account at the regional or country level, the resulting certainty equivalent will be lower in each region for higher degrees of risk aversion. Aggregating over both regions for an inequality neutral decision maker will therefore result in a lower level of wel ...
Assessing pricing assumptions for weather index insurance in a changing climate
... Thus WII loss estimates are based on a proxy for loss rather than upon the individual loss of each policyholder (Skees et al., 2007) and once the proxy is triggered (e.g. rainfall accumulation falls below a certain threshold) all policyholders in the area covered receive a payout. The administration ...
... Thus WII loss estimates are based on a proxy for loss rather than upon the individual loss of each policyholder (Skees et al., 2007) and once the proxy is triggered (e.g. rainfall accumulation falls below a certain threshold) all policyholders in the area covered receive a payout. The administration ...
Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas
... has been shown to vary with age8,9, and we do not know the exact relationship at times of rapid climate change during the ice ages10,11. Recent borehole temperature studies8 show that the d18Oice ‘palaeothermometer’ underestimates the glacial-to-Holocene warming by about a factor of 2 when calibrate ...
... has been shown to vary with age8,9, and we do not know the exact relationship at times of rapid climate change during the ice ages10,11. Recent borehole temperature studies8 show that the d18Oice ‘palaeothermometer’ underestimates the glacial-to-Holocene warming by about a factor of 2 when calibrate ...
19 Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change Coordinating Lead Authors:
... • There is new and stronger evidence of observed impacts of climate change on unique and vulnerable systems (such as polar and high-mountain communities and ecosystems), with increasing levels of adverse impacts as temperatures increase (very high confidence). • There is new evidence that observed c ...
... • There is new and stronger evidence of observed impacts of climate change on unique and vulnerable systems (such as polar and high-mountain communities and ecosystems), with increasing levels of adverse impacts as temperatures increase (very high confidence). • There is new evidence that observed c ...
- Europa EU
... economy, be it directly reflected in reduced production and/or loss of revenue (e.g. low crop yields due to degraded soils), or indirectly (e.g. loss of genetic resource base on which future products may be developed). On the other hand the environment represents opportunities, in particular in term ...
... economy, be it directly reflected in reduced production and/or loss of revenue (e.g. low crop yields due to degraded soils), or indirectly (e.g. loss of genetic resource base on which future products may be developed). On the other hand the environment represents opportunities, in particular in term ...
Contrasting climate change in the two polar regions
... sea-ice cover (Simmonds et al. 2008). As the PNA and NAM represent less than 50% of the interannual MSLP variability, a third type of pattern can arise, such as the anomalous meridional flow into the western Arctic observed in the first part of the 21st century (Overland et al. 2008). The PSA has a ...
... sea-ice cover (Simmonds et al. 2008). As the PNA and NAM represent less than 50% of the interannual MSLP variability, a third type of pattern can arise, such as the anomalous meridional flow into the western Arctic observed in the first part of the 21st century (Overland et al. 2008). The PSA has a ...
Incorporating climate change and growth into the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction (opens in new window)
... subsidence, creating major problems for many rapidly developing cities (Hanson et al. 2011). Increases in exposure and hazard do not necessarily translate into rising risk if there is a corresponding increase in protection. There is evidence that the number of people killed (as a proportion of the p ...
... subsidence, creating major problems for many rapidly developing cities (Hanson et al. 2011). Increases in exposure and hazard do not necessarily translate into rising risk if there is a corresponding increase in protection. There is evidence that the number of people killed (as a proportion of the p ...
Assessing Climate Risks to Low Carbon Urban Projects
... 2015). Buildings, roads and other infrastructure in cities have long lifetimes, sometimes spanning 50 to 100 years of use. Urban infrastructure construction choices of today – retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency, setting green building standards for new infrastructure, encouraging ...
... 2015). Buildings, roads and other infrastructure in cities have long lifetimes, sometimes spanning 50 to 100 years of use. Urban infrastructure construction choices of today – retrofitting existing buildings for energy efficiency, setting green building standards for new infrastructure, encouraging ...
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... frames, reflecting varying perceptions different persons may have of what the main problems are, what is at stake, or which goals should be achieved. These can cause “ambiguity”. Assessing climate change impacts, and consequently analysing adequate policies, is thus subject to an “uncertainty cascad ...
... frames, reflecting varying perceptions different persons may have of what the main problems are, what is at stake, or which goals should be achieved. These can cause “ambiguity”. Assessing climate change impacts, and consequently analysing adequate policies, is thus subject to an “uncertainty cascad ...
Climate change and agriculture
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Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.Climate change is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate change will likely negatively affect crop production in low latitude countries, while effects in northern latitudes may be positive or negative. Climate change will probably increase the risk of food insecurity for some vulnerable groups, such as the poor.Agriculture contributes to climate change by (1) anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and (2) by the conversion of non-agricultural land (e.g., forests) into agricultural land. Agriculture, forestry and land-use change contributed around 20 to 25% to global annual emissions in 2010.There are range of policies that can reduce the risk of negative climate change impacts on agriculture, and to reduce GHG emissions from the agriculture sector.