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Plato and the Presocratics
Plato and the Presocratics

... opposites he himself did not understand. But there is a second, more positive side to this story. On Plato’s view, the thesis of universal change holds true for things located in the physical realm, including human beings (cf. Symposium 207d). Although Eryximachus claims that ‘disharmony in harmony’ ...
A Realist Theory of Science
A Realist Theory of Science

... complex to be perceived, which had been going on for millions of years before him. But he could not, at least if his theory is correct, have produced the process he described, the intransitive object of the knowledge he had produced: the mechanism of natural selection. We can easily imagine a world ...
Vol 3 - Whitwell - Essays on the Origins of Western Music
Vol 3 - Whitwell - Essays on the Origins of Western Music

... passions.22 We will cite, as an example, only those associated with Love. These observations, and many others that would take too long to report, have led me to conclude that when the understanding thinks of some object of love, this thought forms an impression in the brain which directs the animal ...
Concepts and Objects
Concepts and Objects

... stored.4 Re-inscribing Kant’s transcendental difference between noesis and aisthesis within nature, Sellars develops an inferentialist account of the normative structure of conception that allows him to prosecute a scientific realism unencumbered by the epistemological strictures of empiricism.5 In ...
Socratic Method.
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... can act no differently. It is better to obey the gods than man. The unexamined life is not worth living. His pursuit of philosophy is following the instruction of the gods. ...
methods of humanization - Center for Ethnography
methods of humanization - Center for Ethnography

... becomes recursive. Notes accumulate. The ends of defense advocates may differ from those of academic anthropology, but the tools of data collection seem more or less the same. What can anthropological method, and the data that it produces, become when the folks you study do very much what you do? In ...
PHI 110 Lecture 6 1 Today we`re gonna start a number of lectures
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... problems, paradoxes reflected a too simple view of language and its use. In other words, it’s the result of treating words too simply. So to just take an example. One of the great perennial philosophical subjects that goes back to ancient Greece — it’s thousands of years old — is the question of the ...
Ethan Frome - Stephen Hicks, Ph.D.
Ethan Frome - Stephen Hicks, Ph.D.

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Hinduism
Hinduism

... appears to be two because it can be approached by looking for the ground of things, or looking for the ground of the Self. Seeking to understand the ultimate nature of the world and the Self, it had been discovered that the same Self exists within all beings. Each person shares his or her deepest be ...
Chapter 2 Metaphysics, Fideism, Speculation
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... of extended substance - and hence of the non-correlational reach of the mathematical discourse about bodies? His reasoning can be briefly recapitulated as follows: 1. I can prove the existence of a perfect, all-powerful God. We know that one of the three proofs for the existence of God ...
Philosophy 165: Epistemology
Philosophy 165: Epistemology

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Philosophy as Quest - Oregon State University
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What is Philosophy? Minds and Machines
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... if this takes a lot of time. In fact, science is one example where philosophy became very successful (‘natural philosophy’). – Second, even if philosophy does not provide one with any clear answers, it may still be able to say that certain answers are better than others. – And third, even if philoso ...
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... if this takes a lot of time. In fact, science is one example where philosophy became very successful (‘natural philosophy’). – Second, even if philosophy does not provide one with any clear answers, it may still be able to say that certain answers are better than others. – And third, even if philoso ...
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... “elucidations,” tested by “intuitions,” but for meticulous empirical descriptions and fruitful hypotheses, tested by standard scientific methods. The very idea of aiming at elucidations of brain-states is foreign to neurology. As to words, it has been more than half a century since Wittgenstein poin ...
14 pages
14 pages

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Lecture 6 : The Concept of Mind in Upanisads
Lecture 6 : The Concept of Mind in Upanisads

... coordinated by the mind. There are gross and subtle sense organs. Thinking, experiencing, remembering and knowing all are performed by the subtle sense organs, sukhma indriyas. The mind or the manas is one of the finest sukhma indriyas. One need to understand the true nature of these indriyas. As in ...
Artikel voor `de HTV` "Man is actually chaos"
Artikel voor `de HTV` "Man is actually chaos"

... At this point, Fichte wanted to improve on Kantian philosophy. Philosophical rationalism has to presuppose a subject that is completely certain of itself, to provide the basis for all its endeavours. But how can a subject be assured of its own subjectivity—the more so if it can not even tell once an ...
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Berkeley Reading

... have of these they acknowledge not to be the resemblances of anything existing without the mind, or unperceived, but they will have our ideas of the primary qualities to be patterns or images of things which exist without the mind, in an unthinking substance which they call Matter. By Matter, theref ...
Philosophy of Science Summary Chapter 1: Rationalism and
Philosophy of Science Summary Chapter 1: Rationalism and

... capacities. Our capacity to think generates ideas and concepts which we cannot arrive at by using our sensory capacities alone. Empiricism: not reason but sense experience is the ultimate source of knowledge. The senses are reliable indicators of what reality is like. Plato’s rationalism o Metaphysi ...
Kinds of Things—Towards a Bestiary of the
Kinds of Things—Towards a Bestiary of the

... One of the weaknesses of auto-anthropology is that one’s own intuitions are apt to be distorted by one’s theoretical predilections. Linguists have known for a long time that they get so wrapped up in their theories that they are no longer reliable sources of linguistic intuition. Their raw, untutore ...
Bataille Versus Theory - Gary Sauer
Bataille Versus Theory - Gary Sauer

... knowledge of mortality. Death cannot be regarded as an object of knowledge because it cannot be managed or subordinated by thou Death is sovereign, hence inconceivable. Knowledge of our own m can only be peripheral to death itself. (Bataille’s other certainty, “t are not everything”, paves the way f ...
Simplicity - Heythrop College Publications
Simplicity - Heythrop College Publications

... the mystery of the human soul primarily as an explanatory problem and not an essential feature of our erotic everyday life. However, it is possible to adopt an analogical middle path between the extremes of naive BBC4 journalist, who promise us to ‘unlock the secret of the human soul’, and sophistic ...
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Rationalism

In epistemology, rationalism is the view that ""regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge"" or ""any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification"". More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory ""in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive"". Rationalists believe reality has an intrinsically logical structure. Because of this, rationalists argue that certain truths exist and that the intellect can directly grasp these truths. That is to say, rationalists assert that certain rational principles exist in logic, mathematics, ethics, and metaphysics that are so fundamentally true that denying them causes one to fall into contradiction. Rationalists have such a high confidence in reason that empirical proof and physical evidence are unnecessary to ascertain truth – in other words, ""there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience"". Because of this belief, empiricism is one of rationalism's greatest rivals.Different degrees of emphasis on this method or theory lead to a range of rationalist standpoints, from the moderate position ""that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge"" to the more extreme position that reason is ""the unique path to knowledge"". Given a pre-modern understanding of reason, rationalism is identical to philosophy, the Socratic life of inquiry, or the zetetic (skeptical) clear interpretation of authority (open to the underlying or essential cause of things as they appear to our sense of certainty). In recent decades, Leo Strauss sought to revive ""Classical Political Rationalism"" as a discipline that understands the task of reasoning, not as foundational, but as maieutic. Rationalism should not be confused with rationality, nor with rationalization.In politics, Rationalism, since the Enlightenment, historically emphasized a ""politics of reason"" centered upon rational choice, utilitarianism, secularism, and irreligion – the latter aspect's antitheism later ameliorated by utilitarian adoption of pluralistic rationalist methods practicable regardless of religious or irreligious ideology.In this regard, the philosopher John Cottingham noted how rationalism, a methodology, became socially conflated with atheism, a worldview: In the past, particularly in the 17th and 18th centuries, the term 'rationalist' was often used to refer to free thinkers of an anti-clerical and anti-religious outlook, and for a time the word acquired a distinctly pejorative force (thus in 1670 Sanderson spoke disparagingly of 'a mere rationalist, that is to say in plain English an atheist of the late edition...'). The use of the label 'rationalist' to characterize a world outlook which has no place for the supernatural is becoming less popular today; terms like 'humanist' or 'materialist' seem largely to have taken its place. But the old usage still survives.
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