a sensitive matter - The Global Warming Policy Foundation
... range for climate sensitivity slightly. It was 2–4.5 ◦ C in AR4 in 2007. They have now reduced the lower bound to 1.5 ◦ C, making the range 1.5–4.5◦ C. By doing this they went some way to reflect the new, lower estimates that have been published recently in the literature. 7. They also decided not t ...
... range for climate sensitivity slightly. It was 2–4.5 ◦ C in AR4 in 2007. They have now reduced the lower bound to 1.5 ◦ C, making the range 1.5–4.5◦ C. By doing this they went some way to reflect the new, lower estimates that have been published recently in the literature. 7. They also decided not t ...
Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future
... specifically the so-called ‘greenhouse intervals’ of the Cretaceous and Early Eocene (100–50 Ma). Reconstructing atmospheric CO2 this far back in time is extremely challenging and fraught with uncertainties. However, an overview of all available Cretaceous and Early Eocene CO2 proxy data, along with ...
... specifically the so-called ‘greenhouse intervals’ of the Cretaceous and Early Eocene (100–50 Ma). Reconstructing atmospheric CO2 this far back in time is extremely challenging and fraught with uncertainties. However, an overview of all available Cretaceous and Early Eocene CO2 proxy data, along with ...
"Biological Impacts of Climate Change". In: Encyclopedia of Life
... especially cold temperatures, some ectotherms become inactive during unfavourable seasons of years, and climate change will significantly alter the energy expenditures and body condition of these organisms. Body condition in ectotherms is tightly bound to reproductive output, timing to maturity and s ...
... especially cold temperatures, some ectotherms become inactive during unfavourable seasons of years, and climate change will significantly alter the energy expenditures and body condition of these organisms. Body condition in ectotherms is tightly bound to reproductive output, timing to maturity and s ...
Climate Change Science for Mesoamerican Decision Makers
... output varies over time and has led to climate changes during Earth’s geologic history, changes in solar radiation cannot account for the warming observed over the past 30 years during which accurate measurements of solar output have been made. In the absence of solar forcing, arguably the largest c ...
... output varies over time and has led to climate changes during Earth’s geologic history, changes in solar radiation cannot account for the warming observed over the past 30 years during which accurate measurements of solar output have been made. In the absence of solar forcing, arguably the largest c ...
annex i - Covenant of Mayors
... The Covenant of Mayors signatories commit to the movement in full awareness of the following considerations: The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has re-affirmed in its Fifth Assessment Report that climate change is a reality and that human activities are continuing to affect the Ea ...
... The Covenant of Mayors signatories commit to the movement in full awareness of the following considerations: The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has re-affirmed in its Fifth Assessment Report that climate change is a reality and that human activities are continuing to affect the Ea ...
Comments on EPA/NHTSA proposed rule on tailpipe standards [get
... Indeed, those three chosen models, mis-identified as “the major” IAMs and the “most comprehensive and reliable,” are in fact among the simplest of all IAMs in current use. Simplicity is not necessarily a drawback; it allows for greater transparency in modeling methods, and lowers the cost of perform ...
... Indeed, those three chosen models, mis-identified as “the major” IAMs and the “most comprehensive and reliable,” are in fact among the simplest of all IAMs in current use. Simplicity is not necessarily a drawback; it allows for greater transparency in modeling methods, and lowers the cost of perform ...
Analysis of winter and summer warming rates in
... It is interesting to note that studies which attempt to find a 'fingerprint' of global warming by looking at the correspondence between observed patterns of temperature change and modeled patterns of temperature change (e.g. Santer et al. 1996) find strong similarities using data only from 1963-1987 ...
... It is interesting to note that studies which attempt to find a 'fingerprint' of global warming by looking at the correspondence between observed patterns of temperature change and modeled patterns of temperature change (e.g. Santer et al. 1996) find strong similarities using data only from 1963-1987 ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part II: Modelling
... supercomputers to simulate a century of climate evolution. In order to compute a single hypothetical evolution of the climate system (a ‘model run’), we also require initial conditions and boundary conditions. The former are a mathematical description of the state of the climate system (projected in ...
... supercomputers to simulate a century of climate evolution. In order to compute a single hypothetical evolution of the climate system (a ‘model run’), we also require initial conditions and boundary conditions. The former are a mathematical description of the state of the climate system (projected in ...
Climate Change War Game: Major Findings and Background Working PaPer
... as players argued that there was more they could accomplish. And in the wrap-up reflections at the end of the last day, some expressed disappointment that the game did not achieve better results, such as a breakthrough agreement or understanding of adaptation challenges, as if these considerations w ...
... as players argued that there was more they could accomplish. And in the wrap-up reflections at the end of the last day, some expressed disappointment that the game did not achieve better results, such as a breakthrough agreement or understanding of adaptation challenges, as if these considerations w ...
A proposal in a time of climate change
... heat tends to reduce the heating load for surrounding buildings (Futcher, 2013). The current increase in temperature due to air conditioner use was estimated to be 0.5oC but could be up to 2oC if the air conditioner use is to double (de Munck et al., 2013: 210). Thirdly, even when run on fossil fuel ...
... heat tends to reduce the heating load for surrounding buildings (Futcher, 2013). The current increase in temperature due to air conditioner use was estimated to be 0.5oC but could be up to 2oC if the air conditioner use is to double (de Munck et al., 2013: 210). Thirdly, even when run on fossil fuel ...
The Earth`s atmosphere and climate.
... experienced wide fluctuations over relatively short spans of time with overall cooling towards the present. The Quaternary is characterized by repeated continental glaciation. The Cretaceous Period was the warmest time in all of geological history (average global temperature is estimated to have bee ...
... experienced wide fluctuations over relatively short spans of time with overall cooling towards the present. The Quaternary is characterized by repeated continental glaciation. The Cretaceous Period was the warmest time in all of geological history (average global temperature is estimated to have bee ...
Climate Change, Convention, Protocol and CDM by Kalipada
... Satellite observations of the radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface and atmosphere demonstrate the absorption due to the greenhouse gases. Effective emitting temperature of the Earth as seen from space is about 255 K and the globally averaged surface temperature is about 285K. ...
... Satellite observations of the radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface and atmosphere demonstrate the absorption due to the greenhouse gases. Effective emitting temperature of the Earth as seen from space is about 255 K and the globally averaged surface temperature is about 285K. ...
"A Broader View of the Role of Humans in the... Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Effective Climate Policy"
... the attribution of specific climate forcings to a regional response is not yet scientifically robust. With respect to assessing climate model skill, there have been recent studies on this issue. For example, as reported in Gleckler et al. (2008), “Unlike numerical weather prediction, there is curren ...
... the attribution of specific climate forcings to a regional response is not yet scientifically robust. With respect to assessing climate model skill, there have been recent studies on this issue. For example, as reported in Gleckler et al. (2008), “Unlike numerical weather prediction, there is curren ...
For Internet Explorer user, click here to view a Powerpoint Diaporama
... from a global 3-D ocean carbon cycle model, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2002. Aumont O. , E. Maier-Reimer, Blain S. and Monfray P., An ecosystem model of the global ocean including Fe, Si, P co-limitations, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, submitted, 2001. Bopp, Climate changes and marine biogeochemist ...
... from a global 3-D ocean carbon cycle model, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2002. Aumont O. , E. Maier-Reimer, Blain S. and Monfray P., An ecosystem model of the global ocean including Fe, Si, P co-limitations, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, submitted, 2001. Bopp, Climate changes and marine biogeochemist ...
the heat marches on
... and well-being. Heatwaves and heat spells in Australia and around the world take their toll on human health, the environment, agriculture, infrastructure and many other facets of society. The impact of climate change on extreme weather, increasing the number of hot days and heatwaves, is driving up ...
... and well-being. Heatwaves and heat spells in Australia and around the world take their toll on human health, the environment, agriculture, infrastructure and many other facets of society. The impact of climate change on extreme weather, increasing the number of hot days and heatwaves, is driving up ...
NOAA Atlas 14 - Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts
... Projected size of 100-year 24-hour storm for Madison, WI, based on 14 GCMs ...
... Projected size of 100-year 24-hour storm for Madison, WI, based on 14 GCMs ...
The Global Climate Observing System, GCOS
... Includes satellite component; Includes 138 actions; Additional costs estimated: US$ 2.5 Billion additional annual costs; S. Rösner – DARECLIMED, 07/2011 ...
... Includes satellite component; Includes 138 actions; Additional costs estimated: US$ 2.5 Billion additional annual costs; S. Rösner – DARECLIMED, 07/2011 ...
Present
... In the case of purely economic decision making, commonplace decision criteria are Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) in which case it is necessary to introduce the notion of a ‘base case’ that involves no investment. The Present Value risk corresponding to the base case is r0 and e ...
... In the case of purely economic decision making, commonplace decision criteria are Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) in which case it is necessary to introduce the notion of a ‘base case’ that involves no investment. The Present Value risk corresponding to the base case is r0 and e ...
Phaeton`s Reins - StriperSurf.com
... continents and oceans—are quite different in the northern and southern hemispheres. Ice ages occur when, as a result of orbital variations, the arctic regions intercept relatively little summer sunlight so that ice and snow do not melt as much. The timing of the ice ages, then, is the combined resul ...
... continents and oceans—are quite different in the northern and southern hemispheres. Ice ages occur when, as a result of orbital variations, the arctic regions intercept relatively little summer sunlight so that ice and snow do not melt as much. The timing of the ice ages, then, is the combined resul ...
Confidence, uncertainty and decision-support relevance in climate predictions
... these two methods give very different results even at the global scale. There is also the promise, by 2008, of probability distributions on up to 25 km spatial scales for multiple variables (UKCIP08 2006) based on processed output from perturbed physics ensembles (Allen & Stainforth 2002; Murphy et ...
... these two methods give very different results even at the global scale. There is also the promise, by 2008, of probability distributions on up to 25 km spatial scales for multiple variables (UKCIP08 2006) based on processed output from perturbed physics ensembles (Allen & Stainforth 2002; Murphy et ...
