Long-Term Climate Trends and Extreme Events in Northern
... certain period of time. This means an average which is itself extreme [14]. Statistics of past climate and model simulations for the future both suggest, e.g. higher maximum and minimum temperatures, more hot summer days and heavier precipitation events or more severe drought, in different parts of ...
... certain period of time. This means an average which is itself extreme [14]. Statistics of past climate and model simulations for the future both suggest, e.g. higher maximum and minimum temperatures, more hot summer days and heavier precipitation events or more severe drought, in different parts of ...
Carbon Dynamics in the Future Forest: the Importance
... C A R B O N D Y N A M I C S I N T H E F U T U R E F O R E S T 3503 as a significant cause of increasing tree mortality (Van Mantgem et al., 2009). Climate projections for California, suggest little change in annual total precipitation, although there are discrepancies among models (Lenihan et al., ...
... C A R B O N D Y N A M I C S I N T H E F U T U R E F O R E S T 3503 as a significant cause of increasing tree mortality (Van Mantgem et al., 2009). Climate projections for California, suggest little change in annual total precipitation, although there are discrepancies among models (Lenihan et al., ...
Teacher Pages
... Climate scientists generally agree that global warming is occurring and that it corresponds with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from fossil-fuel combustion. Scientists have a broader range of ideas, however, about what the effects of this warming will be. This i ...
... Climate scientists generally agree that global warming is occurring and that it corresponds with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from fossil-fuel combustion. Scientists have a broader range of ideas, however, about what the effects of this warming will be. This i ...
FAO - NWP: Adaptation Planning and Strategies 2009 (pp. 42-50)
... Adaptation Planning and Strategies FAO Contribution to “The Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change” On invitation of SBSTA to submit to the secretariat, by 31 May 2007, information on the relevant programmes, activities and views on the issues listed ...
... Adaptation Planning and Strategies FAO Contribution to “The Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change” On invitation of SBSTA to submit to the secretariat, by 31 May 2007, information on the relevant programmes, activities and views on the issues listed ...
ALEC Quote - Union of Concerned Scientists
... trade associations are also members of this task force, including the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity (ACCCE), American Gas Association (AGA), and the American Petroleum Institute (API). ix In addition, ExxonMobil is listed as a current member of ALEC’s Private Advisory Council, and Pe ...
... trade associations are also members of this task force, including the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity (ACCCE), American Gas Association (AGA), and the American Petroleum Institute (API). ix In addition, ExxonMobil is listed as a current member of ALEC’s Private Advisory Council, and Pe ...
CLIMATE WORLDWIDE
... The hottest places on Earth are around the Equator. Here the sun is almost directly overhead. The rays fall straight on to the surface and heat it up. Away from the Equator, the sun is lower in the sky. The rays are weaker so the air does not get so warm. The coldest places are around the North and ...
... The hottest places on Earth are around the Equator. Here the sun is almost directly overhead. The rays fall straight on to the surface and heat it up. Away from the Equator, the sun is lower in the sky. The rays are weaker so the air does not get so warm. The coldest places are around the North and ...
Challenges and Opportunities in Water Cycle Research: WCRP
... Many physical scientists have tended to ignore the latter aspects and deal mainly with the climate system either in its ‘‘natural’’ state or as changed by human activities by mainly accounting for increased greenhouse gases and changing atmospheric particulates (IPCC 2007). Even in this somewhat sim ...
... Many physical scientists have tended to ignore the latter aspects and deal mainly with the climate system either in its ‘‘natural’’ state or as changed by human activities by mainly accounting for increased greenhouse gases and changing atmospheric particulates (IPCC 2007). Even in this somewhat sim ...
ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DEPARTEMENT D`ECONOMIE
... (Bencivenga [6]), pension systems (Razin and Sadka [37]) or human capital formation (Vidal [41]) and growth (Beine et al. 2001). ...
... (Bencivenga [6]), pension systems (Razin and Sadka [37]) or human capital formation (Vidal [41]) and growth (Beine et al. 2001). ...
Winter wren populations show adaptation to local climate
... In this case, the majority of studies suggest that much of the phenotypic responses observed results from individual plasticity [15–18], with relatively few studies providing evidence for local adaptation (but see [19,20]). Given that recent studies imply that the fitness consequences of mistimed br ...
... In this case, the majority of studies suggest that much of the phenotypic responses observed results from individual plasticity [15–18], with relatively few studies providing evidence for local adaptation (but see [19,20]). Given that recent studies imply that the fitness consequences of mistimed br ...
PDF
... transition cost is not reflected in the analysis. Similarly, if the farmer makes the decision to move to a new crop suddenly, the model does not capture the cost of decommissioning capital equipment prematurely. Transition costs are clearly very important in sectors where there is extensive capital ...
... transition cost is not reflected in the analysis. Similarly, if the farmer makes the decision to move to a new crop suddenly, the model does not capture the cost of decommissioning capital equipment prematurely. Transition costs are clearly very important in sectors where there is extensive capital ...
How the United Nations System Supports Ambitious Action on
... Climate change and sustainable development are the central challenges of our time. They are inseparably linked and need to be addressed together. Action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to climate impacts is essential for ensuring sustainable development. At the same time, only sus ...
... Climate change and sustainable development are the central challenges of our time. They are inseparably linked and need to be addressed together. Action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to climate impacts is essential for ensuring sustainable development. At the same time, only sus ...
Challenges and Opportunities in Water Cycle Research
... Many physical scientists have tended to ignore the latter aspects and deal mainly with the climate system either in its ‘‘natural’’ state or as changed by human activities by mainly accounting for increased greenhouse gases and changing atmospheric particulates (IPCC 2007). Even in this somewhat sim ...
... Many physical scientists have tended to ignore the latter aspects and deal mainly with the climate system either in its ‘‘natural’’ state or as changed by human activities by mainly accounting for increased greenhouse gases and changing atmospheric particulates (IPCC 2007). Even in this somewhat sim ...
The Science of Climate Change, Questions and Answers
... network of instrumental observations has only been available since the second half of the 19th century. Climate changes that occurred before this time can be identified by reconstructing records from climate-sensitive indicators like ocean sediments, ice-cores, tree rings and coral reefs. Greenhouse ...
... network of instrumental observations has only been available since the second half of the 19th century. Climate changes that occurred before this time can be identified by reconstructing records from climate-sensitive indicators like ocean sediments, ice-cores, tree rings and coral reefs. Greenhouse ...
Historical and idealized climate model experiments
... Earth system AOGCMs. New subcomponents (for example, continental ice sheets, representations of peatlands, wetlands or permafrost) are often developed within the EMIC framework before they are embedded into coupled AOGCMs, because development and testing is less computationally expensive. In additio ...
... Earth system AOGCMs. New subcomponents (for example, continental ice sheets, representations of peatlands, wetlands or permafrost) are often developed within the EMIC framework before they are embedded into coupled AOGCMs, because development and testing is less computationally expensive. In additio ...
Biogeophysical Effects of Sea Level Rise
... Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group (currently, the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group, January 2001). The vertical change predicted by the current model between the years of 2000 and 2100 is 0.38 m. A multiplier of 100, based on the Bruun Rule shall be used and gives a value ...
... Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group (currently, the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group, January 2001). The vertical change predicted by the current model between the years of 2000 and 2100 is 0.38 m. A multiplier of 100, based on the Bruun Rule shall be used and gives a value ...
Building Climate Resilience in the Blue Nile/Abay Highlands: A
... unless steps to build resilience are effective, climate change will reduce Ethiopia’s GDP growth by between 0.5 and 2.5% each year [7]. In this paper resilience is defined as the ability of a community or ecosystem to resist, absorb, and recover from the effects of hazards in a timely and efficient ...
... unless steps to build resilience are effective, climate change will reduce Ethiopia’s GDP growth by between 0.5 and 2.5% each year [7]. In this paper resilience is defined as the ability of a community or ecosystem to resist, absorb, and recover from the effects of hazards in a timely and efficient ...
5-Russel 2012
... Implementing conservation measures to protect habitatforming species may also have a positive feedback that ameliorates the eVects of stressors over local scales. Habitatformers, or biogenic habitats, are often seen as ecosystem engineers (sensu Jones et al. 1994, 1997) because they can substantiall ...
... Implementing conservation measures to protect habitatforming species may also have a positive feedback that ameliorates the eVects of stressors over local scales. Habitatformers, or biogenic habitats, are often seen as ecosystem engineers (sensu Jones et al. 1994, 1997) because they can substantiall ...
www.ssoar.info Politics, geological past, and the future of earth
... obstacle: the human lifetime does not fit the geological or geophysical timescale. Large geophysical events may happen only a few times (or never at all) during the lifetime of a researcher. This has an important consequence for how research in the field of volcanism and climate change is done: to ...
... obstacle: the human lifetime does not fit the geological or geophysical timescale. Large geophysical events may happen only a few times (or never at all) during the lifetime of a researcher. This has an important consequence for how research in the field of volcanism and climate change is done: to ...
18 – 19 June 2014, Hôtel De Mille Collines Kigali - CDM
... submitted to the secretariat before the COP20 in Lima and more so before COP21 in Paris expected to coincide with the coming into force of the second agreement and commitment period of KP. Key concerns under this concept are; should contributions only be limited to mitigation or it can also take the ...
... submitted to the secretariat before the COP20 in Lima and more so before COP21 in Paris expected to coincide with the coming into force of the second agreement and commitment period of KP. Key concerns under this concept are; should contributions only be limited to mitigation or it can also take the ...
Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites
... events at different times; however, we use a common summer temperature window for each species and event across all sites to ensure that the units of the sensitivity estimates were identical for each species across sites. All monthly temperature data used to calculate sensitivities were obtained fro ...
... events at different times; however, we use a common summer temperature window for each species and event across all sites to ensure that the units of the sensitivity estimates were identical for each species across sites. All monthly temperature data used to calculate sensitivities were obtained fro ...
Now more than ever: The need for more societally
... a complex system trait that allows it to ‘‘bounce back’’ from a perturbation and in so doing also adjust to changing environmental conditions while continuing to provide the goods, services, and functions it offers (e.g., Folke, 2006; Gallopı́n, 2006; Walker, Holling, Carpenter, & Kinzig, 2004). To ...
... a complex system trait that allows it to ‘‘bounce back’’ from a perturbation and in so doing also adjust to changing environmental conditions while continuing to provide the goods, services, and functions it offers (e.g., Folke, 2006; Gallopı́n, 2006; Walker, Holling, Carpenter, & Kinzig, 2004). To ...
Understanding the Social Cost of Carbon
... Diagnostic Scenarios: We standardize the set of emissions & radiative forcing inputs (CO2 & non-CO2) and run deterministic and probabilistic scenarios ...
... Diagnostic Scenarios: We standardize the set of emissions & radiative forcing inputs (CO2 & non-CO2) and run deterministic and probabilistic scenarios ...